圓寂

Chinese

		circle; round; circular circle; round; circular; spherical; (of the moon) full; unit of Chinese currency (Yuan); tactful; to justify	lonesome
trad. (圓寂)		圓	寂
simp. (圆寂)		圆	寂

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuánjì, yuánjí

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˋ, ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴ zik⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn-sit / yàn-sit
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oân-chi̍p

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuánjì
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuánjì
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-chi⁴
  - Yale: ywán-jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanjih
  - Palladius: юаньцзи (juanʹczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuánjí
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuánjí
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-chi²
  - Yale: ywán-jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanjyi
  - Palladius: юаньцзи (juanʹczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ zik⁶
  - Yale: yùhn jihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ dzik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ jig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ t͡sɪk̚²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    原籍
    鉛直／铅直
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-sit
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ xid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² xid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ sit̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-sit
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ xid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² xid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ sit̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân-chi̍p
  - Tâi-lô: uân-tsi̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oancip
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³⁻³³ t͡sip̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: zjwen|hjwen dzek

Rime
Character	圓	圓	寂
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	云 (35)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)	仙 (80)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	IV
Fanqie	似宣切	王權切	前歷切
Baxter	zjwen	hjwen	dzek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ziuᴇn/	/ɦˠiuᴇn/	/d͡zek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/zʷiɛn/	/ɦʷᵚiɛn/	/d͡zek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/zjuæn/	/ɣiuæn/	/d͡zɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zwian/	/ɦwian/	/d͡zɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ziuɛn/	/ɣjuɛn/	/d͡zek̚/
Wang Li	/zĭwɛn/	/ɣĭwɛn/	/d͡ziek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯wɛn/	/i̯wɛn/	/d͡zʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xuán	yuán	jí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun⁴	jyun⁴	zik⁶

Verb

圓寂

(Buddhism, of Buddhist monks or nuns) to die

Synonyms

edit

下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
亡
亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
即世 (jíshì) (literary)
去世 (qùshì)
合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
失氣／失气 (shīqì) (literary)
安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
故 (gù)
故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
早死 (zǎosǐ)
晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
死 (sǐ)
死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
死人 (sǐrén)
死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
死脫／死脱 (⁵shi-theq) (Wu)
殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
狗帶／狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
見馬克思／见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
謝世／谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
辭塵／辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
逝世 (shìshì)
進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
過世／过世 (guòshì)
過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
過面／过面 (Hokkien)
長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)

Noun

圓寂

(Buddhism) nirvana

Synonyms

涅槃 (nièpán)
寂滅／寂灭
滅度／灭度 (mièdù )