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吸

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
吸 U+5438, 吸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5438
← 吷
[U+5437] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吹 →
[U+5439]

吸 U+2F83D, 吸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83D
← 咞
[U+2F83C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 呈 →
[U+2F83E]

Translingual

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Han character

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吸 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口弓竹水 (RNHE), four-corner 67047, composition ⿰口及)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 179, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3372
  • Dae Jaweon: page 397, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 594, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5438

Chinese

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trad. 吸
simp. # 吸
alternative forms 噏

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (及) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
趿 *sqʰɯːb
鈒 *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb
靸 *sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb
馺 *sqʰɯːb
砐 *ŋɡɯːb
魥 *ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab
扱 *skʰrɯːb
笈 *skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb
衱 *ɡrab, *kab
极 *ɡrab, *ɡab
昅 *ɡab
雭 *sqʰrɯb
急 *krɯb
級 *krɯb
汲 *krɯb
芨 *krɯb
伋 *krɯb
彶 *krɯb
及 *ɡrɯb
岌 *ŋɡrɯb
吸 *qʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰrɯb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb) – to inhale through the mouth. Note that 及 originally derives from “grab”, hence connotations of “grab through the mouth, inhale”.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kih6 - vernacular;
  • gih6 - literary.
Note:
  • hip - literary;
  • khip - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 吸
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕi⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕi⁵³/
Jinan /ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕi²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕi²¹/
Xining /ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕi³¹/
/ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/ 老
/ɕi²¹/ 新
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ¹³/ 呼～
/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ 水～了
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰip̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰɐp̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰɐp̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰɐp̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hip̚³²/
/kʰip̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xi²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰip̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lip̚⁵/
Rime
Character 吸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 緝 (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許及切
Baxter xip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hjip̚/
Li
Rong 		/xjəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/xĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hap1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰ(r)əp/
English inhale

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吸
Reading # 1/1
No. 5667
Phonetic
component 		及
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		吸
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰrɯb/

Definitions

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吸

  1. to breath in; to inhale
    吸一口氣／吸一口气  ―  xī yī kǒu qì  ―  to take a breath
    吸塵器／吸尘器  ―  xīchénqì  ―  vacuum cleaner
    1. to smoke
      吸煙／吸烟  ―  xīyān  ―  to smoke cigarettes
      吸大麻  ―  xī dàmá  ―  to smoke marijuana
  2. to suck; to drink
    吸奶  ―  xīnǎi  ―  to suckle; to suck milk
  3. to absorb
    吸油紙／吸油纸  ―  xīyóuzhǐ  ―  facial oil blotting paper
  4. to attract
    吸鐵石／吸铁石  ―  xītiěshí  ―  magnet
    異極相吸／异极相吸  ―  yì jí xiàng xī  ―  opposite poles attract
  5. a surname: Xi

Synonyms

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  • (to smoke): 抽 (chōu)
  • (to absorb):
  • (to attract):

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “to breathe in”): 呼 (hū)

Compounds

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References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “吸”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 250.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 吸
Kyūjitai
[1]
吸󠄁
吸+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
吸󠄃
吸+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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吸

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. suck
  2. imbibe
  3. inhale
  4. sip

Readings

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References

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  1. ^ “吸”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 吸 (MC xip). Recorded as Middle Korean 흡〮 (húp) (Yale: hup) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

吸 (eumhun 마실 흡 (masil heup))

  1. hanja form? of 흡 (“to drink, suck in, to inhale, to attract”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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吸: Hán Việt readings: hấp
吸: Nôm readings: cộp, cạp, hấp, hớp, húp, hút

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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