πρέσβυς
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The first component of the word is likely from Proto-Indo-European *pres (“before, in front”), an extended form of *per-. The second component is debated:[1]
- From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”), thus "one who leads cattle".
- From Proto-Indo-European *gʷew-, a variant of *gʷem- (“to go”), thus "one who goes in front". Compare Sanskrit पुरोगव (purogava, “leader”), from पुरस् (puras, “in front”) and गम् (gam, “to go”).
- Together with the first component, from Proto-Indo-European *pre(y)sgʷu-, and cognate with Old Armenian երէց (erēcʻ, “elder, senior”) and Latin priscus (“ancient”), pristinus (“primitive, pristine”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /préz.bys/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈprez.bys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈprez.βys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈprez.vys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈprez.vis/
Adjective
[edit]πρέσβῠς • (présbŭs) m (feminine πρέσβειᾰ, neuter πρέσβῠ); first/third declension
Declension
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | πρέσβῠς présbŭs |
πρέσβειᾰ présbeiă |
πρέσβῠ présbŭ |
πρέσβεε présbee |
πρεσβείᾱ presbeíā |
πρέσβεε présbee |
πρέσβεις présbeis |
πρέσβειαι présbeiai |
πρέσβη / πρέσβεᾰ présbē / présbeă | |||||
Genitive | πρέσβεος présbeos |
πρεσβείᾱς presbeíās |
πρέσβεος présbeos |
πρεσβέοιν presbéoin |
πρεσβείαιν presbeíain |
πρεσβέοιν presbéoin |
πρεσβέων presbéōn |
πρεσβειῶν presbeiôn |
πρεσβέων presbéōn | |||||
Dative | πρέσβει présbei |
πρεσβείᾳ presbeíāi |
πρέσβει présbei |
πρεσβέοιν presbéoin |
πρεσβείαιν presbeíain |
πρεσβέοιν presbéoin |
πρέσβεσῐ / πρέσβεσῐν présbesĭ(n) |
πρεσβείαις presbeíais |
πρέσβεσῐ / πρέσβεσῐν présbesĭ(n) | |||||
Accusative | πρέσβῠν présbŭn |
πρέσβειᾰν présbeiăn |
πρέσβῠ présbŭ |
πρέσβεε présbee |
πρεσβείᾱ presbeíā |
πρέσβεε présbee |
πρέσβεις présbeis |
πρεσβείᾱς presbeíās |
πρέσβη / πρέσβεᾰ présbē / présbeă | |||||
Vocative | πρέσβῠ présbŭ |
πρέσβειᾰ présbeiă |
πρέσβῠ présbŭ |
πρέσβεε présbee |
πρεσβείᾱ presbeíā |
πρέσβεε présbee |
πρέσβεις présbeis |
πρέσβειαι présbeiai |
πρέσβη / πρέσβεᾰ présbē / présbeă | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
πρεσβέως presbéōs |
πρεσβῠ́τερος presbŭ́teros |
πρεσβῠ́τᾰτος presbŭ́tătos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Noun
[edit]πρέσβῠς • (présbŭs) m (genitive πρέσβεως); third declension
- old man
- elder, chief, prince
- (superlative) revered, honored
- ambassador
- (at Sparta) a political title, higher than γέρων (gérōn, “senator”): chief, president
- Inscriptiones Laconiae 1237, 1326
- a name of the τρόχιλος (trókhilos, “wren”)
- a type of daw or chough
Usage notes
[edit]For the feminine, see πρέσβᾰ (présbă), πρέσβειρᾰ (présbeiră), πρεσβηῐ́ς (presbēĭ́s).
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πρέσβῠς ho présbŭs |
τὼ πρέσβη tṑ présbē |
οἱ πρέσβεις hoi présbeis | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πρέσβεως toû présbeōs |
— | τῶν πρέσβεων tôn présbeōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πρέσβει tôi présbei |
— | τοῖς πρέσβεσῐ / πρέσβεσῐν toîs présbesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πρέσβῠν tòn présbŭn |
τὼ πρέσβη tṑ présbē |
τοὺς πρέσβεις toùs présbeis | ||||||||||
Vocative | πρέσβῠ présbŭ |
πρέσβη présbē |
πρέσβεις présbeis | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]- (ambassador): πρεσβευτής (presbeutḗs)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρέσβυς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1231-2
Further reading
[edit]- “πρέσβυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πρέσβυς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πρέσβυς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πρέσβυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πρέσβυς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πρέσβυς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4245 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ambassador idem, page 26.
- commissioner idem, page 148.
- deputy idem, page 213.
- envoy idem, page 279.
- legate idem, page 484.
- old man idem, page 572.
- “πρέσβυς”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek πρέσβυς (présbus).
Noun
[edit]πρέσβυς • (présvys) m (plural πρέσβεις, feminine πρέσβειρα)
- Katharevousa form of πρέσβης (présvis, “ambassador”)
Related terms
[edit]- see: πρέσβης m (présvis, “ambassador”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek irregular nouns
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Katharevousa