View source for loop

{{also|Loop|LOOP|lo’op}}
==English==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|loupe||noose, loop}}, earlier {{m|enm|lowpknot|lowp-knot|loop-knot}}, of {{der|en|gmq}} origin, from {{der|en|non|hlaup||a run}}, used in the sense of a "running knot", from {{m|non|hlaupa||to leap}}, ultimately from {{der|en|gem-pro|*hlaupaną|t=to leap, run}}. Compare {{cog|sv|löpknut|löp-knut|loop-knot}}, {{cog|da|løbknude|løb-knude|a running knot}}, {{cog|da|løb||a course}}. More at {{l|en|leap}}.  The verb is derived from the noun.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/luːp/}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːp|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|loupe}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-loop.wav|a=Southern England}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A [[length]] of [[thread]], [[line]] or [[rope]] that is [[doubled]] [[over]] to make an [[opening]].
# The opening so formed.
# A [[shape]] produced by a [[curve]] that [[bend]]s around and [[cross]]es itself.
#: {{ux|en|Arches, '''loops''', and whorls are patterns found in fingerprints.}}
# A [[ring road]] or [[beltway]].
# An [[endless]] strip of [[tape]] or [[film]] allowing [[continuous]] [[repetition]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=08 Dec 79|volume=7|number=20|journal=Gay Community News|page=5|author=Anonymous|title=The Small Town|text=He can hang out in the back room of the local adult  bookstore {{...}} and hope for a stand-up blow-job through the glory hole in the partition of the two booths that show gay '''loops'''.}}
# A complete [[circuit]] for an [[electric]] [[current]].
# {{lb|en|programming}} A [[programmed]] [[sequence]] of [[instruction]]s that is [[repeat]]ed [[until]] or [[while]] a particular [[condition]] is [[satisfied]].
# {{lb|en|graph theory}} An [[edge]] that begins and ends on the same [[vertex]].
# {{lb|en|topology}} A [[path]] that starts and ends at the same [[point]].
# {{lb|en|transportation}} A bus or rail route, walking route, etc. that starts and ends at the same [[point]].
# {{lb|en|rail}} A place at a [[terminus]] where trains or trams can turn round and go back the other way without having to reverse; a {{w|balloon loop}}, [[turning]] loop, or [[reversing]] loop.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|author=Andrew Martin|title=Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube|publisher=Profile Books, {{ISBN|978-1846684777}}|page=119|text=In 1908 the line was extended to a station called Wood Lane, which was built on a terminal track '''loop''' so that trains could turn round and go back the other way, [...]}}
# {{lb|en|algebra}} A [[quasigroup]] with an [[identity element]].
# A loop-shaped [[intrauterine device]].
# An [[aerobatic]] [[maneuver]] in which an [[aircraft]] [[flies]] a [[circular]] [[path]] in a [[vertical]] [[plane]].
# A small, narrow opening; a [[loophole]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 4-1|IV|i|passage=And stop all sight-holes, every '''loop''' from whence / The eye of Reason may pry in upon us.}}
# {{alternative form of|en|loup||mass of iron}}
# {{lb|en|biochemistry}} A flexible region in a protein's secondary structure.
# {{lb|en|North America|dated|sports}} A [[sports]] [[league]]
#* {{quote-text|en|date=September 27 1963|chapterurl=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-jersey-journal-italias-vie-in-bayonn/156947042|chapter=Italias Vie In Bayonne On Sunday|title=The Jersey Journal|page=17
|passage=Arellano formerly cavorted for the Galicias in the fast-paced National-American Soccer '''loop'''.}}
# {{lb|en|cricket}} The curved path of the ball bowled by a [[spin bowler]].

====Hypernyms====
* {{l|en|control structure}}

====Hyponyms====
{{col4|en
|title=Hyponyms of ''loop'' (noun)
|balloon loop
|crossing loop
|feedback loop
|for loop
|endless loop
|event loop
|hanging loop
|infinite loop
|main loop
|message loop
|passing loop
|platform loop
|read-eval-print loop
|reconciliation loop
|reversing loop
|run loop
|span loop|inside loop
|tight loop
|while loop
}}

====Derived terms====
{{der4|en|loop jump|loophole|{{l|en|loop line}}, {{l|en|loopline}}|A-B loop|adjustable loop|angler's loop|artillery loop|autoregulatory loop|belt loop|busy loop|closed loop|Lippes loop|closed time loop|compulsion loop|core loop|crossed loop sensor|death loop|do loop|do-while loop|fisherman's loop|foreach loop|fruit loop|ground loop|harness loop|hearing loop|hysteresis loop|induction loop|keep someone in the loop|Latham loop|launch loop|Lebanese loop|local loop|locker loop|Lofstrom loop|loop de loop|loop diuretic|loop hole|loop invariant|loop of Henle|loop pedal|loop quantum gravity|loop ratio|loop transfer function|loop-de-loop|loop-the-loop|loop-top|loop-window|Moufang loop|Möbius loop|open-loop|phase-locked loop|service loop|small loop|stem-loop|strange loop|throw for a loop|outside loop|time loop|toe loop|ulnar loop|Wilson loop|close the loop|doom loop|edge loop|Henle loop|Henle's loop|loop disconnect dialing|Orowan loop}}

====Related terms====
{{rel4|en|title=Terms related to ''loop'' (noun)
|in the loop|hook-and-loop|hook-and-loop fastener|time-loop logic
|knock for a loop
|loop antenna
|loop the loop
|out of the loop
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|length of thread, line or rope}}
* Armenian: {{t-needed|hy}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|ilgək}}, {{t|az|ilmək}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|пятля́|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|клуп|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|圈|tr=quān}}, {{t+|cmn|環|tr=huán}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|smyčka|f}}
* Dutch: {{t+check|nl|lus|c}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|maŝo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|silmus}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schlaufe|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|θηλιά|f}}, {{t+|el|βρόχος|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|hurok}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|dol}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ក្រវិល}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|cilpa|f}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|paeke}}, {{t|mi|koru}}, {{t|mi|koropewa}}
* Mongolian: {{t-needed|mn}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|ایلیك|tr=ilik}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|pętla|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|laço|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пе́тля́|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|lùb|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|lazo|m}}, {{t+|es|lazada|f}}, {{t+|es|gaza|f}} {{qualifier|nautical}}, {{t+|es|recodo|m}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|ilik}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|петля́|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t-needed|vi}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|ilgək}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|пятля́|f}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|bocle|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|循環|tr=xúnhuán}}, {{t+|cmn|環|tr=huán}}
* Danish: {{t|da|løkke|c}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|aas}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მარყუჟი|sc=Geor}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schlaufe|f}}, {{t+|de|Schleife|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|θηλιά|f}}, {{t+|el|βρόχος|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|hurok}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|lykkja|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|passante|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|輪|tr=わ, wa|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|ループ|tr=rūpu|sc=Jpan}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|cilpa|f}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|koropewa}}, {{t|mi|koropiko}}, {{t|mi|paeke}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|pętla|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|laço|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пе́тля́|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|lùb|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|петља|f|sc=Cyrl}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|petlja|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|lazo|m}}, {{t+|es|recodo|m}}, {{t+|es|vuelta|f}}, {{t+|es|círculo|m}}, {{t+|es|bucle|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|ögla|c}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|döngü}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|петля́|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|ring road|ring road}}

{{trans-top|endless strip of tape or film allowing continuous repetition}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* German: {{t+|de|Endlosschleife|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|riccio|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fita|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пе́тля́|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|rizo|m}}, {{t+|es|círculo|m}}, {{t|es|bucle infinito|m}}, {{t|es|cinta infinita|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|complete circuit for an electric current}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|верига|f}}, {{t+|bg|контур|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|strømkreds|c}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|fermita cirkvito}}, {{t|eo|cirkvito}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|circuit fermé|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|წრედი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stromkreis|m}}, {{t|de|geschlossener Stromkreis|m}}
* Greek: {{t|el|πλήρες ηλεκτρικό κύκλωμα|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|anello|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|circuito|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|цепь|f}}, {{t+|ru|схе́ма|f}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|circuito cerrado|m}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|sluten krets|c}}, {{t+|sv|krets|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|likaw}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|programmed sequence of instructions}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|bucle|m}}, {{t+|ca|cicle|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|cyklus|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|lus|c}}, {{t+|nl|herhaling|f}}, {{t+|nl|repetitie|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|bucle|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ციკლი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schleife|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|βρόχος|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|ciklus}}
* Italian: {{t-check|it|blocco iterativo}}, {{t+check|it|iterazione|alt=richiesta di iterazione}} <!-- was "richiesta di [[iterazione]]" - assumed inflected form or vocalised spelling; please verify if linking is acceptable. see [[User:Kephir/gadgets/xte#Translation_fixing]] -->, {{t+check|it|ciclo|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|циклус|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|pętla|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ciclo|m}}, {{t+|pt|laço|m}}, {{t+|pt|loop|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|цикл|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|ciclo|m}}, {{t+|es|bucle|m}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|döngü}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|edge that begins and ends on the same vertex of a graph}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Schlaufe|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|lazo|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|topology: path that starts and ends at the same point}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|lazo|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|transportation route that starts and ends at the same point}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|ringvej|c}}, {{t|da|ring|c}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|ympyräreitti}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Rundweg|m}}, {{t+|de|Ring|m}}, {{t+|de|Ringstraße|f}}, {{t+|de|Gürtel|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|vuelta|f}}, {{t|es|anillo vial|m}}, {{t+|es|anillo|m}}, {{t+|es|ronda|f}}, {{t+|es|ronda|f}}, {{t|es|circunvalación|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|quasigroup with an identity element}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|luuppi}}
* German: {{t+|de|Loop|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|bucle|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|loop-shaped intrauterine device}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|спирала|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kierukka}}
* Greek: {{t|el|ενδοκολπικό διάφραγμα|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|spirale|f}}
* Russian: {{qualifier|внутрима́точная противозача́точная}} {{t+|ru|спира́ль|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|aircraft maneuver}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|лупинг|m}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|surmasõlm}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|boucle|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მარყუჟი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Looping|m}}
* Italian: {{t|it|cerchio della morte}}, {{t|it|giro della morte}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|looping|m}}, {{t+|pt|loop|m}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|мёртвая пе́тля́|f}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|looping|m}}, {{t+|es|rizo|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|looping|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|flexible region in a protein's secondary structure}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|silmukka}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მარყუჟი}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|snara|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cappio|m}}, {{t+|it|laccio|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|circuito|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|пе́тля́|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[form]] something into a [[#Noun|loop]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[fasten]] or [[encircle]] something with a [[#Noun|loop]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[fly]] an [[aircraft]] in a [[#Noun|loop]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[move]] something in a [[#Noun|loop]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[join]] [[electrical]] [[component]]s to [[complete]] a [[circuit]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[duplicate]] the [[route]] of a [[pipeline]].
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To create an [[error]] in a [[computer]] [[program]] so that it [[run]]s in an [[endless]] [[#Noun|loop]] and the computer [[freeze up|freezes up]].
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To [[form]] a [[#Noun|loop]].
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To [[move]] in a [[#Noun|loop]].
#: {{ux|en|The program '''loops''' until the user presses a key.}}
#* {{quote-journal
|en
|date=February 4, 2011
|author=Gareth Roberts
|title=Wales 19-26 England
|work=BBC
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/9386391.stm
|page=
|passage=The outstanding Tom Palmer won a line-out and then charged into the heart of the Welsh defence, scrum-half Ben Youngs moved the ball swiftly right and Cueto's '''looping''' pass saw Ashton benefit from a huge overlap to again run in untouched.}}
# To place in a loop.
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2021 January 13|author=Richard Clinnick|title=Longer freight trains boost efficiency and reduce carbon|journal=Rail|page=10|text=It found that trains often '''looped''' on their journey emit 14% to 20% more NOx and particulates than non-stop services.}}
# {{lb|en|education|ambitransitive}} To have the teacher progress through multiple school years with the same students.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2003 | title=An Investigation of Elementary Looping Practices and Outcomes in a Rural School District |author=Lisa Lynn Snyder | page=54| passage=Tolland Middle School in Connecticut where close to four hundred middle school students participated in '''looping''', students from looped classroom structures scored much higher than students from prior years without the looped structure on standardized tests in mathematics and writing.}}

====Derived terms====
{{rel-top|Terms derived from ''loop'' (verb)}}
* {{l|en|loopback}}
* {{l|en|loop in}}
* {{l|en|loop the loop}}
* {{l|en|loop up}}
{{rel-bottom}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|transitive: to form into a loop}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[muodostaa]] [[silmukka]]}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|niko}}, {{t|mi|whakakōpeti}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to fasten or encircle with a rope}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|köyttää}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|takaore}}, {{t|mi|niko}}, {{t|mi|pōkuru}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|ایلیكلمك|tr=iliklemek}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to fly an aircraft in a loop}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|transitive: to move in a loop}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|niko}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to complete a circuit}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to duplicate the route of a pipeline}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to create an endless loop in a computer program}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jumittaa}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|zapętlać|impf}}, {{t|pl|zapętlić|pf}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to create an error in a computer program so that it runs in an endless loop}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jumittaa}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|intransitive: to form a loop}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[muodostua]] [[silmukka|silmukaksi]]}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kurveskar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|intransitive: to move in a loop}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===See also===
* [[Appendix:Parts of the knot]]

===References===
* {{pedia}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=loop|OOPL|Polo|Pool|polo|pool}}

{{c|en|Birth control|Roads|Pornography}}

==Afrikaans==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|af|/lʊəp/}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|af|nl|lopen}}, from {{inh|af|dum|lôpen}}, from {{inh|af|odt|lōpan}}, from {{inh|af|gmw-pro|*hlaupan}}, from {{inh|af|gem-pro|*hlaupaną||to run}}.

====Verb====
{{af-verb|lopende}}

# {{lb|af|intransitive}} to [[walk]]

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{l|af|loep}} {{q|Western Cape}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|af|nl|loop}}, from {{inh|af|dum|lôop}}, from {{inh|af|odt|*lōp}}.

====Noun====
{{af-noun|lope|lopie}}

# [[walking]], [[gait]]
# {{lb|af|of events}} [[course]]
# {{lb|af|of guns}} [[barrel]]
# {{lb|af|informal}} business end (of a rifle, etc.)
# {{lb|af|music|usually in diminutive}} [[run]]: a [[rapid]] [[passage]] in [[music]], especially along a [[scale]]

==Chinese==

===Etymology===
From {{bor|yue|en|loop}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|c=lup1
|cat=v,n
}}

===Verb===
{{head|zh|verb}}

# {{lb|zh|Hong Kong Cantonese}} to [[repeatedly]] consume or play [[song]]s or [[video]]s
#: {{zh-x|條 片 我 l{}o{}o{}p{lup1} 咗 幾百 次|I've '''repeatedly watched''' the video a few hundreds times|C}}
# {{lb|zh|Hong Kong Cantonese|by extension}} to occur [[repeatedly]]

===Noun===
{{head|zh|noun}}

# {{lb|zh|Hong Kong Cantonese}} {{l|en|loop}}; cycle {{zh-mw|c:個}}
#: {{zh-x|無限 l{}o{}o{}p{lup1}|infinite never-ending '''loop'''|C}}

==Dutch==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/loːp/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-loop.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|loop}}
* {{rhymes|nl|oːp|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|nl|dum|lôop}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|*lōp}}, from {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*hlaup}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*hlaupą}}. Equivalent to a {{deverbal|nl|nocap=1|lopen|t=to walk}}.

====Noun====
{{nl-noun|m|-en|+}}

# [[course]], [[duration]]
# a [[river]] [[course]]
# [[course]] of a [[projectile]]
# [[barrel]] (of a firearm)

=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|nl
|loopbaan
|afloop
|kanonsloop
|kringloop
|levensloop
|sponsorloop
|verloop
|wedloop
}}

=====Related terms=====
{{col-auto|nl
|lopen
}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|af|loop}}
* {{desc|id|bor=1|lop}}
* {{desc|arw|loporo|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pap|lop|bor=1}}

===Etymology 2===
{{nonlemma}}

====Verb====
{{head|nl|verb form}}

# {{infl of|nl|lopen||bare-verb}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|nl|Pool}}, {{l|nl|pool}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{ubor|pt|en|loop}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA|lupi^}}

===Noun===
{{pt-noun|m|#s}}

# {{lb|pt|computing}} {{l|en|loop}} {{gloss|repeating sequence of instructions}}
#: {{syn|pt|ciclo|laço}}
# {{l|en|loop}} {{gloss|aircraft manoeuvre}}
#: {{syn|pt|looping}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|in loop}}