View source for grief

==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|en|greefe}} {{i|obsolete}}, {{l|en|griefe}} {{i|obsolete}}

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|greef}}, {{m|enm|gref}}, from {{der|en|fro|grief||grave, heavy, grievous, sad}}, from {{der|en|la|gravis||heavy, grievous, sad}}. {{doublet|en|grave}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɹiːf/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grief.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-grief.wav|a=UK}}
* {{rhymes|en|iːf|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|~|+|grieves}}

# [[suffer|Suffer]]ing, [[hardship]]. {{defdate|from early 13th c.}}
#: {{ux|en|The neighbour's teenage give me '''grief''' every time they see me.}}
# Emotional [[pain]], generally arising from misfortune, significant personal [[loss]], [[bereavement]], [[misconduct]] of oneself or others, etc.; [[sorrow]]; [[sadness]]. {{defdate|from early 14th c.}}
#: {{ux|en|She was worn out from so much '''grief'''.}}
#: {{ux|en|The betrayal caused Jeff '''grief'''.}}
#* {{RQ:Whetstone Rocke of Regard|page=291|passage=And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of '''griefe''', there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to [[forstand|foreſtand]] with good government their folowing yl fortunes; {{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|countable}} Cause or instance of sorrow or pain; that which afflicts or distresses; [[trial]].
#* {{RQ:King James Version|book=Isaiah|chapter=53|verse=4|passage=Surely, he hath borne our '''griefs''', and carried our sorrows.}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|en
|climate grief
|come to grief
|good grief
|griefful
|griefless|eco-grief|grief knot
|grieflike
|griefsome
|give someone grief
|grief-stricken
|grief tourist
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|sadness}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|pikëllim|m}}, {{t+|sq|mjerim|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|غَمّ|m}}, {{t|ar|حُزْن|m}}, {{t|ar|كَآبَة|f}}, {{t|ar|كَدَر|m}}, {{t|ar|أَسَى|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|սուգ}}, {{t+|hy|վիշտ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qəm}}, {{t+|az|kədər}}, {{t|az|hüzn}}, {{t+|az|dərd}}, {{t|az|ələm}}, {{t+|az|qüssə}}, {{t|az|qəm-qüssə}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ҡайғы}}
* Belarusian: {{t+|be|го́ра|n}}, {{t|be|сму́так|m}}, {{t|be|туга́|f}}, {{t|be|ту́га|f}}, {{t|be|жаль|m}}, {{t|be|журба́|f}}, {{t|be|журбо́та|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|দুঃখ}}, {{t+|bn|দেরেগ}}, {{t+|bn|গোসা}}, {{t|bn|নারাজী}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|мъ́ка|f}}, {{t+|bg|скръб|f}}, {{t+|bg|печа́л|f}}, {{t+|bg|тъга́|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ပရိဒေဝ}}, {{t+|my|အဆွေး}}
* Buryat: {{t|bua|гуниг}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|dolor|m}}, {{t+|ca|pena|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|悲苦|tr=bēikǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|感傷|tr=gǎnshāng}}, {{t+|cmn|悲哀|tr=bēi'āi}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|žal|m}}, {{t+|cs|smutek|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|sorg|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|rouw|m}}, {{t+|nl|leedwezen|n}}, {{t+|nl|smart|f}}, {{t+|nl|verdriet|n}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|jꜥnw|h=i-a:n-nw-W-A2}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|ĉagreno}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|lein}}
* Ewe: {{t|ee|konyifafa}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|suru}}, {{t+|fi|murhe}}
* French: {{t+|fr|douleur|f}}, {{t+|fr|peine|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|pena|f}}, {{t+|gl|coita|f}}, {{t+|gl|pesar|m}}, {{t+|gl|dor|f}}, {{t+|gl|mágoa|f}}, {{t+|gl|dó|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|წუხილი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Kummer|m}}, {{t+|de|Gram|m}}, {{t+|de|Leid|n}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|πόνος|m}}, {{t+|el|θλίψη|f}}, {{t+|el|οδύνη|f}}, {{t+|el|συντριβή|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|λύπη|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אֵבֶל|m|tr=ével}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|दुःख|m}}, {{t+|hi|शोक|m}}, {{t|hi|ग़म|m}}, {{t+|hi|मातम|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|gyász}}, {{t+|hu|bánat}}, {{t+|hu|bú}}, {{t+|hu|búbánat}}, {{t+|hu|szomorúság}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|sorg|f}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|chagreno}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|pilu}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|hallia}}, {{t|izh|murhe}}, {{t|izh|suru}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|brón|m}}, {{t|ga|cumha|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|dolore|m}}, {{t+|it|pena|f}}, {{t+|it|sofferenza|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|悲しみ|tr=かなしみ, kanashimi}}, {{t+|ja|悲哀|tr=ひあい, hiai}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|қайғы}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ពិធុរ}}, {{t+|km|សំណោក}}, {{t|km|អនុសោក}}
* Kikuyu: {{t|ki|kĩeha}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|비애(悲哀)}}, {{t+|ko|슬픔}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|خەفەت}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|derd}}, {{t+|kmr|keser}}, {{t+|kmr|kovan}}, {{t+|kmr|xem}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|кайгы}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ຄວາມໂສກເສົ້າ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|aegritudo|f}}, {{t+|la|dolor|m}}, {{t|la|tristitudo|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|skumjas|f-p}}, {{t|lv|bēdas|f-p}}, {{t|lv|sirdēsti|m-p}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|sielvartas|m}}, {{t|lt|širdgėla|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|тага|f}}, {{t+|mk|жал|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|duka}}, {{t+|ms|ratapan}}, {{t+|ms|sugul}}, {{t|ms|dukachita}}, {{t|ms|hiba}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pāmamae}}, {{t|mi|rāwakiwaki}}, {{t|mi|pāpōuri}}, {{t|mi|auhi}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|зовлон}}, {{t+|mn|гашуудал}}, {{t+|mn|гуниг}}, {{t+|mn|гансрал}}, {{t+|mn|гаслан}}, {{t+|mn|уй}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|sorg|m|f}}
* Old Church Slavonic:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|cu|гор҄е|n}}, {{t|cu|тѫга|f}}
* Old East Slavic: {{t|orv|туга|f}}, {{t|orv|печаль|f}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|caru|f}}
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|غم|m|tr=ǧam}}, {{t|ps|خپګان|m|tr=xapgān}}, {{t|ps|خفګان|m|tr=xafgān}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|غم|tr=ğam}}, {{t+|fa|سوگ|tr=sug}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|żal|m}}, {{t+|pl|smutek|m}}, {{t+|pl|zmartwienie|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|pesar}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|phutiy}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|tristețe|f}}, {{t+|ro|întristare|f}}, {{t+|ro|mâhnire|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|го́ре|n}}, {{t+|ru|печа́ль|f}}, {{t+|ru|скорбь|f}}, {{t+|ru|кручи́на|f}}, {{t+|ru|туга́|f}}
* Sango: {{t+|sg|vundü}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|दुःख|n|tr=duḥkhá}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|bròn|m}}, {{t|gd|dòlas|m}}, {{t|gd|doilgheas|m}}, {{t|gd|èislean|m}}, {{t|gd|mulad|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|ту́га|f}}, {{t|sh|бе́да|f}}, {{t|sh|бије́да|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|túga|f}}, {{t+|sh|béda|f}}, {{t+|sh|bijéda|f}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|žiaľ|m}}, {{t|sk|smútok|m}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|žalost|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|pesar|m}}, {{t+|es|pesadumbre|f}}, {{t+|es|dolor}}, {{t+|es|sufrimiento}}, {{t+|es|pena}}, {{t+|es|calamidad}}, {{t+|es|sinsabor|m}}, {{t+|es|duelo}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|ghamu}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|sorg|c}}, {{t+|sv|bedrövelse|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|ғам}}, {{t|tg|суг}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|кайгы}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ความเศร้า}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|hüzün}}, {{t+|tr|keder}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|hasrat}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|го́ре|n}}, {{t|uk|жаль|m}}, {{t|uk|печа́ль|f}}, {{t|uk|скорбо́та|f}}, {{t|uk|сму́ток|m}}, {{t|uk|ту́га|f}}, {{t|uk|журба́|f}}, {{t|uk|жа́лощі|f-p}}, {{t|uk|журбо́та|f}}
* Urdu: {{t+|ur|غَم|m|tr=ġam}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|قايغۇ}}, {{t|ug|دەرد}}, {{t|ug|ھەسرەت}}, {{t|ug|غەم}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|qaygʻu}}, {{t+|uz|gʻam}}, {{t+|uz|dogʻ}}, {{t+|uz|hasrat}}, {{t+|uz|dard}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|buồn}}, {{t+|vi|buồn rầu}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|gofid|m}}, {{t+|cy|galar|m}}
* Zazaki: {{t+|zza|keder|m}}, {{t|zza|qaxu|m}}, {{t|zza|ğem|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|online gaming}} To [[deliberately]] [[harass]] and [[annoy]] or cause grief to other players of a game in order to interfere with their enjoyment of it; ''especially'', to do this as one’s primary activity in the game, and especially by exploiting game mechanics without using cheats to do so. {{defdate|from late 1990s}}
#* {{quote-web|en|title=Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World|author=w:Julian Dibbell|work=Wired|date=2008-01-18|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/01/mf-goons/|passage=While ban and his pals stand squarely in this tradition, they also stand for something new: the rise of organized '''griefing''', grounded in online message-board communities and thick with in-jokes, code words, taboos, and an increasingly articulate sense of purpose. No longer just an isolated pathology, '''griefing''' has developed a full-fledged culture.}}

====Usage notes====
* This verb is most commonly found in the gerund-participle {{m|en|griefing}} and the derived noun {{m|en|griefer}}.

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|grievance}}
* {{l|en|grieve}}
* {{l|en|grievous}}

===Further reading===
* {{pedia}}
* {{pedia|griefer}}
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}

{{cln|en|internet slang}}
{{C|en|Emotions|Pain|Sadness}}

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|nl|dum|grief}}, from {{der|nl|fro|grief}}, from {{der|nl|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{der|nl|la|gravis|gravem}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɣrif/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-grief.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|grief}}
* {{rhymes|nl|if|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{nl-noun|f|-ven|+}}

# {{lb|nl|chiefly|in the plural}} [[grievance]], [[complaint]], [[bone to pick]], [[issue]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|nl|grieven}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|fr|fro|grief}}, from {{inh|fr|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{inh|fr|la|gravis|gravem}}. {{doublet|fr|grave}}, a borrowing from Latin.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-grief.wav}}

===Adjective===
{{fr-adj|f=griève}}

# {{lb|fr|archaic|literary}} [[grievous]]

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|grièvement}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# [[complaint]]
# {{l|en|grief}}
# [[grievance]] (formal complaint filed with an authority)

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|figer}}

==Ladin==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|lld|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{inh|lld|la|gravis|gravem}}.

===Adjective===
{{lld-adj|grie|f}}

# [[arduous]]
# [[difficult]]
# [[steep]]

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|fro|gref||typically Anglo-Norman}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|la-eme|grevis|grevem}}, alteration of {{inh|fro|la|gravis|gravem}}.

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# [[pain]]; [[anguish]]; [[suffering]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|fr|grief}}
* {{desc|dum|grief|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nl|grief}}
* {{desc|bor=1|enm|greef|gref}}
** {{desc|en|grief}}

===Adjective===
{{fro-adj|grieve}}

# [[sad]]
#* {{quote-book|fro|year=late 12th century|author=anonymous|chapter=La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford|passage=Mult ai le quer '''gref''' e marri.|page=386|edition=Champion Classiques|title=Le Roman de Tristan|isbn=2-7453-0520-4|line=552}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|fr|grief}} {{q|archaic|literary}}