View source for grain

{{also|gráin|gràin|gräin|Grain}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|mul=Wood grain}}
[[Image:Assorted grains.jpg|thumb|right|Mixed grain—the harvested seeds]]
[[Image:Buche Holz 1.jpg|thumb|right|A close-up of wood grain—texture of material]]

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɡɹeɪn/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-grain.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪn|s=1}}
<!-- 1 syllable words !-->

===Etymology 1===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵerh₂-}}
From {{inh|en|enm|greyn}}, {{m|enm|grayn}}, {{m|enm|grein}}, from {{der|en|fro|grain}}, {{m|fro|grein}}, from {{der|en|la|grānum|t=seed}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*ǵr̥h₂nóm|t=grain}}. {{doublet|en|corn|gram|granum|grao}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{senseid|en|seeds from a grass food crop}} {{lb|en|uncountable}} The harvested [[seed]]s of various [[grass]] food [[crop]]s eg: [[wheat]], [[corn]], [[barley]].
#: {{ux|en|We stored a thousand tons of '''grain''' for the winter.}}
# {{senseid|en|seeds from any food crop}} {{lb|en|uncountable}} Similar seeds from any food crop, e.g., [[buckwheat]], [[amaranth]], [[quinoa]].
# {{senseid|en|single seed of a grass food crop}} {{lb|en|countable}} A single seed of grass food crops.
#: {{coi|en|a '''grain''' of wheat}}
#: {{coi|en|'''grains''' of [[oat]]}}
# {{senseid|en|crops that yield grain seeds}} {{lb|en|countable|uncountable}} The [[crops]] from which grain is [[harvested]].
#: {{ux|en|The fields were planted with '''grain'''.}}
# {{senseid|en|linear texture}} {{lb|en|uncountable}} A linear [[texture]] of a material or surface.
#: {{ux|en|Cut along the '''grain''' of the wood.}}
#: {{ux|en|He doesn't like to shave against the '''grain'''.}}
# {{senseid|en|single particle of a substance}} {{lb|en|countable}} A single [[particle]] of a substance.
#: {{coi|en|a '''grain''' of sand}}
#: {{coi|en|a '''grain''' of salt}}
# {{senseid|en|any of various units of mass}} {{lb|en|countable}} Any of [[various]] [[small]] [[unit of measure|unit]]s of [[mass]] [[originally]] [[notionally]] [[base]]d on grain's [[weight]], [[variously]] [[standardized]] at [[different]] [[place]]s and [[time]]s, [[including]]
## {{senseid|en|English grain, 64.79891 mg}} The [[English]] grain of {{frac|5760}} [[troy pound]] or {{frac|7000}} [[avoirdupois pound|pound avoirdupois]], [[now]] [[exactly]] 64.79891 [[milligram|mg]].
##: {{syn|en|troy grain}}
## {{senseid|en|quarter-carat as 50 mg}} The [[metric]], [[carat]], or [[pearl]] grain of {{frac|4}} [[carat]] [[use]]d for [[measuring]] [[precious stone]]s and [[pearl]]s, [[now]] [[exactly]] 50 [[milligram|mg]].
## {{senseid|en|French grain, 53.11 mg}} {{lb|en|historical}} The [[French]] grain of {{frac|9216}} [[livre]], [[equivalent]] to 53.11 [[milligram|mg]] at [[metricization]] and [[equal]] to [[exactly]] 54.25 [[milligram|mg]] from 1812&ndash;1839 as part of the ''{{w|mesures usuelles}}''.
# {{senseid|en|any of various units of length}} {{lb|en|countable|chiefly|historical}} Any of [[various]] [[small]] [[unit of measure|unit]]s of [[length]] [[originally]] [[notionally]] [[base]]d on a grain's [[width]], [[variously]] [[standardized]] at [[different]] [[place]]s and [[time]]s.
# {{senseid|en|quarter-carat as purity measure}} {{lb|en|countable|historical}} The [[carat]] grain of {{frac|4}} [[carat]] as a [[measure]] of [[gold]] [[purity]], [[creating]] a 96-[[point]] [[scale]] between 0% and 100% [[purity]].
# {{senseid|en|homogeneous region within material}} {{lb|en|materials}} A region within a material having a single [[crystal]] structure or direction.
# {{senseid|en|piece of solid rocket fuel}} {{lb|en|rocketry}} The solid piece of [[fuel]] in an individual [[solid]]-[[fuel]] [[rocket]] [[engine]].
# {{senseid|en|reddish dye or color}} A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, [[Appendix:Colors#Reds and pinks|as crimson, scarlet, etc.]]; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to [[Tyrian purple]].
#* {{RQ:Milton Poems|poem=Penseroso|passage=all in a robe of darkest '''grain'''}}
#* {{ante|1825}}, Quoted by Coleridge, preface to ''Aids to Reflection'':
#*: {{...}} doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colours of less value, then give them the last tincture of crimson in '''grain'''.
# {{senseid|en|hair side of leather}} The [[hair]] side of a piece of [[leather]], or the marking on that side.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1773|author=Royal Dublin Society|title=The Art of Tanning and of Currying Leather|passage=The '''grain''' of the leather is also sometimes damaged by the filling , by the taking off the hair , and by the river work.}}
# {{senseid|en|draff}} {{lb|en|in the plural}} The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any [[residuum]].
#: {{syn|en|draff}}
# {{senseid|en|botanical rounded prominence}} {{lb|en|botany}} A rounded prominence on the back of a [[sepal]], as in the common [[dock]].
# Temper; natural disposition; inclination.
#* {{RQ:Hayward Edward 6|passage=brothers {{...}} not united in '''grain'''}}
# {{senseid|en|texture in photographic film}} {{lb|en|photography|videography}} Visual [[texture]] in [[processed]] photographic film due to the presence of small [[particle]]s of a [[metallic]] silver, or [[dye cloud]]s, developed from silver [[halide]] that have received enough [[photons]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{der4|en|against the grain|grain of salt|grainygrip grain|ancient grain|argyrophilic grain disease|end grain|feed grain|felt grain|go against the grain|grain beetle|grain boundary|grain corn|grain elevator|grain engulfment|grain entrapment|grain itch|grain moon|grain of paradise|grain of truth|grain physa|grain refiner|grain size|grain weevil|grain whiskey|grain whisky|grain yard|kefir grain|pollen grain|pseudograin|puffed grain|seed grain|silver grain|silver-grain|soft-grain|there's a grain of truth in every joke|troy grain|whole grain|whole-grain|with a grain of salt|wholegrain|grains of paradise|guinea grains|snow grains|grip grain|grain popping}}

=====Related terms=====
{{rel4|en|coarse-grained|fine-grained|grains of paradise|grosgrain|granary|granular|granularity|granulate|granulation|guinea grains|grain car}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|harvested seeds of various grass-related food crops}}
* Akkadian: {{t|akk|𒊺|tr=še'um}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|drithë|f}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|حَبَة|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|հացահատիկ}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|grãn}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|dən}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ярма}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|зерне́|n}}, {{t|be|збо́жжа|n}}, {{t|be|жы́та|n}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|শস্য}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|зърно́|n}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အဆန်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|gra|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|糧食|tr=liángshí}}, {{t+|cmn|穀物|tr=gǔwù}}, {{t+|cmn|穀類|tr=gǔlèi}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|zrno|n}}, {{t+|cs|zrní|n}}
* Dalmatian: {{t|dlm|grun|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|korn|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|koren|n}}, {{t+|nl|graan|n}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|sšr|h=sSr-Z1-U9:Z2ss}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|greno}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|teravili}}, {{t+|et|tera}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vilja}}, {{t+|fi|jyvä|alt=jyvät|p}}
* French: {{t+|fr|grain|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|grao|m}}, {{t+|gl|gran|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მარცვალი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Korn|n}}, {{t+|de|Getreide|n}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σιτηρά|n-p}}, {{t+|el|δημητριακά|n-p}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|σῖτος|m}}, {{q|Epic}} {{t|grc|ἀκτή|m}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t|ht|grenn}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|בָּר|m|tr=bar}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|अनाज|m}}, {{t+|hi|अन्न|m}}, {{t+|hi|धान्य|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|gabona}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|korn|n}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|grán|m}}
*: Old Irish: {{t|sga|grán|n}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|seme}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|穀物|tr=こくもつ, kokumotsu}}, {{t+|ja|穀類|tr=こくるい, kokurui}}
* Javanese: {{t+|jv|wiji}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|дән}}, {{t|kk|астық}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|គ្រាប់}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|곡물}}
* Kumyk: {{t|kum|ашлыкъ}}, {{t|kum|бюртюк}}, {{t|kum|урлукъ}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|дан}}
* Ladin: {{t|lld|blava|f}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ເມັດ}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|gryudi|p}}, {{t|ltg|maize|f}}
* Latin: {{t|la|frūmentum|n}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|labība|f}}, {{t|lv|graudi|p}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|grūdai|p}}, {{t|lt|javai|p}}
* Low German: {{t|nds|Koorn|n}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|жи́то|n}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|biji}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|धान्य|n}}
* Megleno-Romanian: {{t|ruq|grǫn}}
* Mongolian: {{t+|mn|үр}}, {{t+|mn|ширхэг}}, {{t+|mn|будаа}}
* Norwegian: {{t+|no|korn|n}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|gran|m}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|жито|n}}, {{t|cu|зрьно|n}}
* Old English: {{t+|ang|corn|n}}
* Oromo: {{t|om|mindhaan}}
* Ossetian: {{t|os|нӕмыг}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|غلات|tr=ğallât}}, {{t+|fa|خرمن|tr=xarman}}
* Polabian: {{t|pox|zaitü|n}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ziarno|n}}, {{t+|pl|zboże|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|grão|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|grăunte}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|зерно́|n}}, {{t+|ru|жи́то|n}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|धान्य|n}}, {{t+|sa|कण|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gràn|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|зр̏но|n}}, {{t|sh|жи̏то|n}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|zȑno|n}}, {{t+|sh|žȉto|n}}
* Sidamo: {{t|sid|gide}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|zrno|n}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|zrno|n}}, {{t+|sl|žito|n}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|аш}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|grano|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|nafaka}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|säd|c}}, {{t+|sv|spannmål|n}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|дон}}, {{t|tg|ғалла}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|бөртек}}, {{t+|tt|ашлык}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ธัญ}}, {{t+|th|เมล็ด}}, {{t+|th|เม็ด}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|እኽሊ}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|tāno}}, {{t|txb|ysāre}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|tahıl}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|digir}}, {{t|tk|däne}}, {{t|tk|galla}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|зерно́|n}}, {{t|uk|збі́жжя|n}}, {{t+|uk|жи́то|n}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|اناج|m|tr=anāj}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|don}}, {{t+|uz|gʻalla}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|ngũ cốc}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|grawn|m}}, {{t|cy|ŷd|m}}
* Zazaki: {{t|zza|xerman}}, {{t+|zza|ğele}}
* Zulu: {{t|zu|izinhlamvu|c10}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|seeds from any food crop}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jyvä|alt=jyvät|p}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|single seed of grain}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|հատիկ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|dənə}}, {{t+|az|dən}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|бөртөк|sc=Cyrl}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|зърно|n}}, {{t+|bg|зрънце|n}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အစေ့}}, {{t+|my|အဆန်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|gra|m}}
* Chechen: {{t|ce|буьртиг}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|顆粒|tr=kēlì}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|zrno|n}}, {{t+|cs|zrnko|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|graankorrel|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|grajno}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jyvä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|grain|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|gran|m}}
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* German: {{t|de|Körnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Korn|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σπυρί|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κόκκος|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|גַּרְגִּיר|m|tr=gargír}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|korn|n}}
* Japanese: {{qualifier|particle}} {{t+|ja|粒|tr=tsubu}}, {{qualifier|seed}} {{t+|ja|種|tr=tsubu}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|គ្រាប់}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ເມັດ}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|gryuds}}
* Latin: {{t|la|grānum|n}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|grauds|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|grūdas|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|зрно|n}}
* Maori: {{t+|mi|pata}}
* Mongolian: {{t-needed|mn}}
* Old English: {{t+|ang|corn|n}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|دانه|tr=dâne}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ziarno|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|grão|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|bob}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|зерно́|n}}, {{t+|ru|зёрнышко|n}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gràine|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|grano|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|nafaka}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korn|n}}, {{t+|sv|gryn|n}}, {{t+|sv|sädeskorn|n}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|గింజ}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|เมล็ด}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|እኽሊ}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|habbe|s}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|دانہ|tr=dāna}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|hột}}, {{t+|vi|hạt}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|gronyn|m}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|קערל|n}}, {{t|yi|קערנדל|n}}, {{t|yi|גרײַפּל|n}}
* Zulu: {{t+|zu|inhlamvu|c9|c10}}, {{t+|zu|imbewu|c9|c10}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|crops from which grain is harvested}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|حُبُوب|p}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|taxıl}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|ашлыҡ}}, {{t|ba|иген}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|зърнени храни|f-p}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|cereal|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|obilí|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|graan|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vilja}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|gran|m}}
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* German: {{t+|de|Getreide|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|דָּגָן|m|tr=dagán}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|житарки|f-p}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cereal|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|cereală|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|зерновой|alt=зерновы́е|m-p}}, {{t+|ru|злак|alt=зла́ки|m-p}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gràn|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|cereal|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|säd|c}}, {{t|sv|stråsäd|c}}, {{t+|sv|spannmål|n}}
* Turkish: {{t-needed|tr}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|ŷd|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|linear texture of material or surface}}
* Amharic: {{t-needed|am}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|تَجْزِيع|m}}, {{t|ar|تَعْرِيق|m}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|зърнистост|f}}, {{t|bg|текстура|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|veta|f}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|zrnitost}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|nerf}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|syy|p|alt=syyt}}
* French: {{t+|fr|grain|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|gran|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Maserung|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υφή|f}}
* Hausa: {{t-needed|ha}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|חספוס|m|tr=khispús}}, {{t|he|מרגב|m|tr=mirgáv}}
* Hindi: {{t-needed|hi}}
* Hungarian: {{t-needed|hu}}
* Icelandic: {{t-needed|is}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|snáithe|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|木目|tr=[[きめ]], kime; [[もくめ]], mokume}}
* Kannada: {{t-needed|kn}}
* Kazakh: {{t-needed|kk}}
* Khmer: {{t-needed|km}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|дрвни влакна|n-p}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|kakano}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|خواب}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|mazerunek|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|granularidade|f}}
* Romanian: {{t-needed|ro}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|зерни́стость|f}}, {{t+|ru|грануля́ция|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t-needed|sh}}
* Slovene: {{t-needed|sl}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|veta|f}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|väv|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t-needed|tg}}
* Tamil: {{t-needed|ta}}
* Telugu: {{t-needed|te}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Tigre: {{t-needed|tig}}
* Tigrinya: {{t-needed|ti}}
* Turkish: {{t-needed|tr}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|single particle of a substance}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|հատիկ}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|бөртөк}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|крупі́нка|f}}, {{t|be|часці́ца|f}}, {{t|be|драбі́нка|f}}, {{t|be|зярня́тка|n}}, {{t|be|ка́ліва|n}}, {{t|be|ка́ліўца|n}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|частица|f}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|gra|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|粒|tr=lì}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|zrnko|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|korrel|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|ero}}, {{t+|eo|grajno}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|jyvä}}, {{t+|fi|jyvänen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|grain|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|gran|m}}
* German: {{t|de|Körnchen|n}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|κόκκος|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κόκκος|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|גַּרְגִּיר|m|tr=gargír}}
* Italian: {{t|it|grano, granello|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|粒|tr=tsubu}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|зрно|n}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|butir}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tōpata}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ziarenko|n}}, {{t+|pl|ziarnko|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|grão|m}}, {{t+|pt|glóbulo|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|зёрнышко|n}}, {{t+|ru|крупи́нка|f}}, {{t+|ru|крупи́ца|f}}, {{t+|ru|части́ца|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|कण|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|gràine|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|grano|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|korn|n}}, {{t+|sv|gryn|n}}
* Thai: {{t-needed|th}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|крупи́нка|f}}, {{t+|uk|части́нка|f}}, {{t|uk|дрі́бка|f}}, {{t|uk|зе́рнятко|n}}, {{t|uk|зе́рня|n}}, {{t|uk|зерня́|n}}, {{t|uk|зерни́нка|f}}, {{t|uk|зере́нце|n}}
* Zulu: {{t+|zu|inhlamvu|c9|c10}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|unit of mass notionally based on grain's weight}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|гран|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|gra|m}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|grán|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|grein|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t+|eo|grano}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|graani}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|gran|m}}, {{t+|gl|grao|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Gran|n}}, {{t|de|Grän|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t|hu|szemer}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|gran|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|grão|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|гран|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|grano|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|kilo}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|gran}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|เกรน}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|unit of length notionally based on a grain's width}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|grão|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|gran}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|{{frac|4}} carat as measure of gold purity}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|materials: region within a material having a single crystal structure or direction}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|korrel|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kide}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|rocketry: solid piece of fuel}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|reddish dye made from the coccus insect}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|kokenilli}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|hair side of a piece of leather}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|martiopuoli}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|mäski}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|botany: rounded prominence on the back of a sepal}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|temper; natural disposition; inclination}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|luonne}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|visual texture in processed photographic film}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rakeisuus}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Albanian: {{t+check|sq|drithë|f}}
* Basque: {{t+check|eu|ale}}
* Breton: {{qualifier|1}} {{t+check|br|greun}} {{qualifier|collective noun}}, {{qualifier|2}} {{t+check|br|greunenn|f}}, {{qualifier|suffix -enn for the collective nouns}} (5)
* Esperanto: {{t+check|eo|greno}}
* French: {{qualifier|1}} {{t+check|fr|grain|m}}
* Georgian: {{t-check|ka|მარცვალი}}
* German: {{qualifier|1, 2, 3, 5}} {{t+check|de|Korn}}, {{qualifier|1, 3}} {{t+check|de|Getreide}}, {{qualifier|4}} {{t+check|de|Strich}}, {{qualifier|6}} {{t+check|de|Gran}}
* Interlingua: {{qualifier|1}} {{t-check|ia|grano}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|grano|m}}
* Latin: {{t-check|la|granum|n}}
* Old English: {{t+check|ang|corn}} {{qualifier|1,2,5}}
* Romanian: {{t+check|ro|grâu|f|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Roman: {{t+check|sh|zȑno|n}}
* Slovak: {{t-check|sk|zrno|n}}
* Slovene: {{t+check|sl|zrno|n}}
* Telugu: {{t+check|te|గింజ}}
* Turkish: {{t+check|tr|tara}}, {{t+check|tr|tane}}
{{trans-bottom}}

=====See also=====
* {{l|en|cereal}}
* [[Appendix:Grains]] – translation tables for various grains

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# To [[feed]] grain to.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To make [[granular]]; to form into grains.
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To form grains, or to assume a [[granular]] form, as the result of [[crystallization]]; to [[granulate]].
# To [[texture]] a surface in imitation of the grain of a substance such as [[wood]].
# {{lb|en|tanning}} To [[remove]] the [[hair]] or [[fat]] from a [[skin]].
# {{lb|en|tanning}} To [[soften]] leather.
# To yield fruit.

=====Derived terms=====
*[[grain up]]

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|to feed grain to}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[ruokkia]] [[vilja|viljalla]]}}
* Swahili: {{t|sw|lisha}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to make granular}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|гранулирам}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|grajnigi}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|rakeistaa}}
* French: {{t+|fr|grener}}, {{t+|fr|grainer}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to assume a granular form}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|rakeutua}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to imitate the grain of wood}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|ootrata}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|tanning: to remove the hair or fat from a skin}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[poistaa]] [[karva]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|tanning: to soften leather}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|pehmittää}}
* French: {{t+|fr|tanner}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to yield fruit}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[kantaa]] [[hedelmää]]}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|grayn}}, from {{der|en|non|grein|t=bough, branch}}, from {{der|en|gem-pro|*grainiz|t=branch, twig, ramification}}, of {{unk|en|nocap=1}} origin. Related to {{cog|en|grove|t=thicket}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alt|en|grane|qq=Scotland, Northern England}}

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A [[branch]] of a [[tree]]; a [[stalk]] or [[stem]] of a [[plant]]; an [[offshoot]].
# A [[tine]], [[prong]], or [[fork]].
## One of the branches of a [[valley]] or [[river]].
## An iron fish spear or harpoon, with a number of points half-[[barb]]ed inwardly.
##* '''4 May 1770''', Stephen Forwood (gunner on [[w:HM Bark Endeavour|H.M. Bark ''Endeavour'']]), ''journal'' (quoted by Parkin (page 195)
##*: ''Served 5 lb of fish per man which was caught by striking with '''grains''' ''
## A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
## An arm of a [[cross]].
# {{lb|en|founding}} A thin piece of [[metal]], used in a [[mould]] to steady a [[core]].
# {{lb|en|dialectal}} A branch or [[arm]] of a stream, inlet, or sea.
# {{lb|en|dialectal}} A fork in a river valley or ravine.
# {{lb|en|dialectal}} The branch of a [[family]]; [[clan]].
# {{lb|en|dialectal|anatomy}} The [[groin]]; [[crotch]].
# {{lb|en|dialectal|anatomy}} The [[fang]]s of a [[tooth]].

===Further reading===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aginr|A ring|IgNAR|Ngari|Nigra|Ragin|Rigan|agrin|nigra|raign|raing}}

{{c|en|Foods|Units of measure|SI units}}

==French==

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-grain.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|fr|ɛ̃|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
{{inh+|fr|frm|-}}, from {{inh|fr|fro|grain}}, {{m|fro|grein}}, from {{inh|fr|la|grānum}}, ultimately from {{inh|fr|ine-pro|*ǵr̥h₂nóm}}.

====Noun====
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|grain}}
# {{lb|fr|figurative}} a small amount, a [[bit]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|fr|grain de beauté}}
* {{l|fr|gros-grain}}
* {{l|fr|mettre son grain de sel}}
* {{l|fr|ramener son grain de sel}}
* {{l|fr|séparer le bon grain de l'ivraie}}

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|fr|grenier}}

===Etymology 2===
Perhaps from etymology 1, referring to hailstones. {{rfe|fr}}

====Noun====
{{fr-noun|m}}

# {{senseid|fr|nautical}}{{lb|fr|nautical}} [[squall]], [[thunderstorm]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{col3|fr
|avoir un grain
|veiller au grain
}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|garni}}

==Middle English==

===Verb===
{{head|enm|verb}}

# {{alt form|enm|greynen}}

==Old French==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|fro|grein}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|la|grānum}}.

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|grain}} {{gloss|edible part of a cereal plant}}
#* {{quote-book|fro|year=c. 1120|author=Philippe de Taon|title=[http://bestiary.ca/etexts/wright1841/bestiary%20of%20philippe%20de%20thaon%20-%20wright.pdf Bestiaire]|passage=E quant '''grain''' ad truved de tuz maneres de bled|translation=When it [the ant] found grain of all manners of wheat|line=421}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|fro|grenier}} / {{l|fro|guernier}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|frm|grain}}
** {{desc|fr|grain}}
* {{desc|ga|gráinne|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|enm|greyn|bor=1}}

==Scots==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|sco|grane|grayne|graine}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|sco|enm|grayn}}, {{m|enm|greyn}}, {{m|enm|grein}}, from {{der|sco|non|grein|t=branch, twig}}, from {{der|sco|gem-pro|*grainiz|t=branch}}.

===Noun===
{{sco-noun}}

# {{lb|sco|of a tree}} A [[branch]] or [[bough]].
# {{lb|sco|of a plant}} A [[stalk]].
# {{lb|sco|of a fork or trident}} A [[prong]].
# An [[offshoot]], branch, or [[member]] of anything
# {{lb|sco|of a cross}} An [[arm]].
# {{lb|sco|of a family or surname}} A branch.
# A branch of a [[stream]]; the arm of a [[loch]].