View source for focal

==English==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|en|NL.|focālis}}. {{surf|en|focus|-al}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈfəʊ.kl̩/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-focal.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈfoʊ.kl̩/|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊkəl|s=2}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj|-}}

# Belonging to, concerning, or located at a [[focus]].
#: {{antonyms|en|nonfocal|widespread}}
# {{lb|en|medicine}} [[limited|Limited]] to a small [[area]].
#: {{antonyms|en|nonfocal|locoregional|systemic|widespread}}

====Derived terms====
{{der2|en|focal length|focal plane|focal point|focal adhesion|focal depth|afocal|autofocal|bifocal|confocal|dynafocal|epifocal|exofocal|extrafocal|focalism|focality|focalization|focalize|focally|hyperfocal|interfocal|intrafocal|matrifocal|microfocal|monofocal|multifocal|oligofocal|patrifocal|perifocal|polyfocal|quadrifocal|trifocal|ufocal|unifocal|varifocal}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|belonging to or concerning a focus}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|focal}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[polttopiste]]-}}
* German: {{t+|de|fokal}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|lárnach}}, {{t|ga|príomh-}}, {{t|ga|bun-}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|focale}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|фокусный}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|focal}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(medicine) limited to a small area}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|օջախային}}
* French: {{t+|fr|focal}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|fócasach}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|focale}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|focal}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|очаговый}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|focal}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|geometry|obsolete}} One of two lines perpendicular to the axis of a cone such that the cosine of the angle between the line and the axis is equal to the ratio of the cosines o the semiangles of the cone.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1877|author=w:James Booth|title=A Treatise on Some New Geometrical Methods|page=209|passage=Again, if the plane of the impressed couple intersects the mean plane between N and C, it will envelope the cone whose '''focals''' are ON, ON′, and whose internal axis is therefore OA.}}
# {{lb|en|Wicca}} An object that is used to focus concentration when performing magic.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2000 | title=Celtic Traditions: Druids, Faeries, and Wiccan Rituals |author=Sirona Knight | page=193| passage=Choose your '''focals''' to blend well with the intention of your magical work or ritual.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2019| title=Circle of the Moon |author=Faith Hunter | page=27| passage=And no witch leaves behind '''focals'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2022| title=Bloodmarked|author=Tracy Deonn | page=| passage=I use '''focals''' for aura work sometimes.}}
# The individual who is the focus of a study or review, when the study or review is based on that individual's interactions with others.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1992| title=Merrill-Palmer Quarterly - Volume 38 |author=| page=198| passage=As predicted, '''focals''' who were paired with peers produced significantly higher levels of reasoning at posttest ( M = 35.34, SD = 4.44 ) than did '''focals''' paired with adults.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1996| title=An Exploration of Psychological and Psychophysiologial Measures as Predictors of Successful Performance Under Stress|author=Ronald J. Heslegrave| page=69| passage=Thirty-one percent of the '''focals''' rated as low transformational by subordinates at time 1 were engaging in two of these three leadership/management styles, and 54% of the '''focals''' rated as low transformational were engaging in only one of the three styles.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2006 | title=The Ontogeny of Play in Infant Female Bonobos |author=Alison E. Cook | page=48| passage=As this study covered 46 individual play behaviors, I did not have time to statistically analyze each individual behavior against all age intervals, for all three '''focals'''.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2019| title=Handbook of Strategic 360 Feedback|author=Allan H. Church; David W. Bracken; John W. Fleenor | page=| passage=Relevancy provides '''focals''' motivation to change by making the links clear between their behavior and the success of the organization. }}
# A representative of a group or class of people within an organizational system.
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2007|month=Spring|work=Ask Magazine |title=Nothing Weak About It: Thriving in a Weak-Matrix Project Environment|author=Keith L. Woodman|volume=|page=47|passage=Attempting to balance priorities across the exploration, science, and aeronautics programs requires constant and complex negotiations betwen the center '''focals''', the projects they represent, and Langley's engineering directorates.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012| title=Information Systems Reengineering for Modern Business Systems. |author=Raul Valverde| page=251| passage=Consolidate all '''focals' '''requirements: To be done by the Operations Manager. }}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2022| title=Mainstreaming Water Resilience in Asia and the Pacific|author=Asian Development Bank | page=| passage=Providing technical support to regional climate and WSG '''focals''' of all operational divisions on water resilience will amplify the larger pool of project officers. }}
# A [[sign]] or similar type of marketing material designed to draw attention to special deals.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007| title=Everything Is Miscellaneous|author=David Weinberger | page=| passage=Gesturing at the cleanliness of the design, Medill says, “Originally we had ''''focals''','“—signs that call out special offers—“but they blocked eyeballs.”}}
# The central or most important element of something; a focal element.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1997 | title=Language and Power|author=Lewis Acrelius Froman | page=100| passage=We become "native speakers," but variably with respect to numerous valued/powered criteria of truth/goodness/beauty ('''focals''') and their derivative values which "leave" "some” more valuable ( as speakers ) than others.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2022| title=Cut Flowers: Bloom Gardener's Guide |author=Celestina Robertson | page=25| passage=When using supporting flowers, consider their size and shape in relation to the '''focals''' and how the colour supports and enhances them. }}
# A major point of interest; an attraction.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1978| title=New Orleans region transportation study|author=| page=29| passage=In the Visual Survey Analysis Report, '''focals''' are divided into four categories; visual, historical, symbolic, and cultural '''focals'''. '''Focals''' might correspond to the Kevin Lynch definition of landmarks.}}
# An [[exemplar]] of a concept.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1995| title=The Development of Cognitive Anthropology |author=Roy G. D'Andrade | page=108| passage=So informants, like languages, show a stable, agreed upon placement of '''focals''', but considerable variability in the boundaries for the extensions of terms. }}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acflo|Falco}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|fr|NL.|focālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-focal.wav}}

===Adjective===
{{fr-adj}}

# {{l|en|focal}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|fr|distance focale}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

==Irish==

===Etymology===
{{root|ga|ine-pro|*wekʷ-}}
From {{inh|ga|sga|focul}},<ref>{{R:DIL|22400|head=focal, focull}}</ref> from {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*woxtlom}}, from {{inh|ga|ine-pro|*wokʷtlom}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*wekʷ-}}.<ref>{{cite-book|last=Stüber |first=Karin |year=1998 |title=The Historical Morphology of ''n''-Stems in Celtic |location=Maynooth |publisher=Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland |page=70|isbn=0-901519-54-5}}.</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|ga|/ˈfˠɞkəl̪ˠ/|/ˈfˠɔkəl̪ˠ/|ref1={{R:ga:SjPh|20|section=36}}|ref2={{R:ga:SjPh|28|section=52}}|a=Munster}}
* {{IPA|ga|/ˈfˠɔkəlˠ/|/ˈfˠɔkəl̪ˠ/|a=Connacht,Ulster}}<ref>{{R:ga:Finck|II|114}}</ref><ref>{{R:ga:Quiggin|109|310}}</ref>

===Noun===
{{ga-noun|m|focail|focail}}

# [[word]]
#: {{ux|ga|Ní raibh '''focal''' ag Peadar.|Peter had nothing to say for himself.}}
# [[phrase]], [[remark]], [[observation]], [[saying]]
#: {{ux|ga|Is fearr '''focal''' sa chúirt ná punt sa sparán.|q=proverb|A friend in court is better than a pound in the purse.}}
# [[intelligence]], [[message]]
# [[order]]
# [[promise]], [[assurance]]

====Declension====
{{ga-decl-m1|f|ocal|ocail}}
* Alternative plural: {{alter|ga|focla||Cois Fharraige}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|ga
|ainmfhocal<g:m><t:noun>
|anfhocal<g:m><t:unsavoury expression>
|baothfhocal<g:m><t:silly word or statement>
|beagfhoclach<t:sparing of words; reserved>
|buafhocal<g:m><t:epithet; punch-line>
|casfhocal<g:m><t:difficult word, tongue-twister>
|ceannfhocal<g:m><t:head-word>
|cnuasfhocal<g:m><t:collective noun>
|códfhocal<g:m><t:code word>
|comhfhocal<g:m><t:compound word>
|comhfhoclacht<g:f><t:play on words, punning>
|corrfhocal<g:m><t:odd word>
|crosfhocal<g:m><t:crossword>
|dánfhocal<g:m><t:epigram (in syllabic verse)>
|dea-fhocal<g:m><t:good, charitable, word>
|dordfhocal<g:m><t:buzzword>
|dubhfhocal<g:m><t:riddle, conundrum, enigma>
|eagarfhocal<g:m><t:editorial>
|focalbhá<g:m><t:ellipsis>
|foclach<pos:a><t:wordy, verbose>
|focleolaí<g:m><t:philologist>
|focleolaíoch<pos:a><t:philological>
|focleolaíocht<g:f><t:philology>
|foclóir<g:m><t:dictionary>
|géarfhoclach<pos:a><t:sharply worded>
|gnáthfhocal<g:m><t:ordinary word>
|grodfhoclach<pos:a><t:quick-spoken>
|iarfhocal<g:m><t:epilogue>
|imeartas focal<g:m><t:pun>
|leathfhocal<g:m><t:hint; catchword>
|mórfhoclach<pos:a><t:magniloquent>
|mórfhoclacht<g:f><t:magniloquence>
|nuafhocal<g:m><t:neologism>
|réamhfhocal<g:m><t:preposition>
|sciorrfhocal<g:m><t:slip of the tongue>
|seachfhocal<g:m><t:aside>
|seanfhocal<g:m><t:old saying, proverb>
|slamfhocal<g:m><t:vulgar expression>
|teannfhocal<g:m><t:strong assertion>
|treoirfhocal<g:m><t:catchword>
|focal ar fhocal<t:word for word>
|focal le cois<g:m><t:expletive>
|focal grinn<g:m><t:humorous remark>
|focal sa chúirt<g:m><t:word in court>
|sciorradh focail<g:m><t:slip of the tongue>
|titim focail<g:m><t:slip of the tongue>
|focal scoir<g:m><t:clincher>
|an [[focal deiridh]]<g:m><t:the last word>
|focal faire<g:m><t:watchword; forewarning>
}}

===Mutation===
{{ga-mut}}

===References===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:ga:Ó Dónaill}}

{{topics|ga|Linguistics}}

==Portuguese==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|pt|NL.|focālis}}. {{surf|pt|foco|-al}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|pt|al|aw|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|fo|cal}}

===Adjective===
{{pt-adj|hascomp=no}}

# {{lb|pt|optics}} {{l|en|focal}} {{gloss|relating to foci}}
# {{lb|pt|medicine}} {{l|en|focal}} {{gloss|limited to a small area}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|pt|focalmente}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|pt|foco}}

==Romanian==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|ro|fr|focal}}.

===Adjective===
{{ro-adj}}

# {{l|en|focal}}

====Declension====
{{ro-decl-adj}}

==Spanish==

===Etymology===
{{lbor|es|NL.|focālis}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{es-pr}}

===Adjective===
{{es-adj}}

# {{l|en|focal}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}