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Picumnus (bird)

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Picumnus
Ochre-collared piculet, Picumnus temminckii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Picidae
Subfamily: Picumninae
Genus: Picumnus
Temminck, 1825
Type species
Picumnus minutissimus[1]
Temminck, 1825
Species

See text

Picumnus is a large genus of piculets. With a total length of 8–10 cm (3–4 in), they are among the smallest birds in the woodpecker family. All species are found in the Neotropics except the speckled piculet (Picumnus innominatus) that has a wide distribution in China, India and Southeast Asia.

Species limits in this genus are doubtful, and the rate of interbreeding is "inordinately high" (Remsen et al. 2007). As defined by Winkler and Christie (2002), it contains the 27 species listed below, all from the Neotropics except the speckled piculet, which is Asian (and sometimes placed in a monotypic genus, Vivia).

Their upperparts are brownish, greyish or olive, in some species with darker barring or white or yellowish spotting on the mantle. The underparts vary greatly among the species, ranging from all rich brown in the chestnut piculet, to whitish in the plain-breasted piculet, white with dark bars in the white-barred piculet, and pale yellowish with dark bars on the chest and dark spots and streaks on the belly in the bar-breasted piculet. They have black crowns with red, orange, or yellow marks in the male and white dots in the female, except that the male speckled piculet has brown crown marks and the female lacks white dots. Most have rather short black tails with white stripes down the edges and the center (Blume and Winkler 2003). In two species, the rufous-breasted and the chestnut piculets, the white is largely replaced by rufous.

While the individual species often are habitat specialists (as evident by a number of highly restricted species such as the rusty-necked and ochraceous piculets), members of this genus range from dry Caatinga woodland to humid Amazonian and Atlantic Forest. They are generally found in pairs or small groups. The Neotropical species fall into two broad song groups, with the first having a song consisting of a long trill, and the second a song consisting of series of two or more descending notes.

Taxonomy

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The genus Picumnus was introduced in 1825 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. He listed three species in the genus but did not specify the type.[2] In 1840 George Gray designated the type as Picumnus minutissimus Temminck, 1825. This is now preoccupied in Picumnus by Picus minutissimus Pallas, 1782.[3] The genus name was coined by Temminck from the French piculet for a little woodpecker.[4]

Species

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The genus contains the following 25 species:[5]

Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Speckled piculet Picumnus innominatus Himalayas, China, Indochina
and montane India and Sumatra
Bar-breasted piculet Picumnus aurifrons southern Amazonia
- Lafresnaye's piculet Picumnus lafresnayi mid/western Amazonia
- Orinoco piculet Picumnus pumilus northern Amazonia
Golden-spangled piculet Picumnus exilis northern Amazonia, Guiana Shield,
Baía de São Marcos and Atlantic Forest
Ecuadorian piculet Picumnus sclateri western Ecuador
Scaled piculet Picumnus squamulatus Colombia and Venezuela
White-bellied piculet Picumnus spilogaster Orinoco, Branco,
mouth of the Mazaruni River and Pará mangroves
Arrowhead piculet Picumnus minutissimus northern Suriname
Spotted piculet Picumnus pygmaeus northeastern Brazil
Speckle-chested piculet Picumnus steindachneri northern Peru :
Huallaga and Utcubamba river valleys
Varzea piculet Picumnus varzeae Várzea forest of lower Amazon River
White-barred piculet Picumnus cirratus Gran Chaco to eastern Brazil ;
also northeastern Amazonia
Ocellated piculet Picumnus dorbignyianus central Andes (eastern slope)
Ochre-collared piculet Picumnus temminckii southern Brazil
White-wedged piculet Picumnus albosquamatus central Brazil and northeastern Bolivia
Rusty-necked piculet Picumnus fuscus southern Rondonia
- Rufous-breasted piculet Picumnus rufiventris western Amazonia
Ochraceous piculet Picumnus limae northern Ceara and Pernambuco
Mottled piculet Picumnus nebulosus South Region and Uruguay
Plain-breasted piculet Picumnus castelnau northern Peru :
Ucayali and upper Amazon river
Fine-barred piculet Picumnus subtilis southern Peru :
Ene and Madre de Dios river
Olivaceous piculet Picumnus olivaceus Central America, Colombia and Ecuador
Greyish piculet Picumnus granadensis Cauca River valley
- Chestnut piculet Picumnus cinnamomeus northern Colombia and Maracaibo Basin

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Picidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ Temminck, Coenraad Jacob (1825). Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon (in French). Vol. 4. Paris: F.G. Levrault. Livraison 62, Plate 271 and text. The 5 volumes were originally issued in 102 livraison (parts), 1820-1839. For the dates see: Dickinson, E.C. (2001). "Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées of Temminck & Laugier (1820–1839)". Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden. 335: 7–53.
  3. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
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