Kunqu
Kunqu
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
| Aŋa yitaalombile | Chinese opera  |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Q56595920, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004 |
| Practiced by | Kunqu actor |
| Aŋa yitaalombile | Chinese opera |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Q56595920, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004 |
| Practiced by | Kunqu actor |
| Aŋa yitaalombile | Chinese opera |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Q56595920, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004 |
| Practiced by | Kunqu actor |
| Aŋa yitaalombile | Chinese opera |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Q56595920, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00004, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00004 |
| Practiced by | Kunqu actor |
Kunqu(Chinese: 崑曲), meŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ (崑劇), K'un-ch'ü, Kun opera bee Kunqu Opera e Chinese yieluŋ kɔre kaŋa naŋ e a yieluŋ gɔɔloŋ kaŋa Kunshan, deme yieluŋ, a Wu saakonnoo ziere mine a leɛ wa yaare Chinese deme a yi a 16th dakoroŋ na a te ta a 18th dakoroŋ na. O yuori meŋ da boɔle la a yieluŋ naŋ taa ŋmeɛo noɔre nensaaloŋ saakonnoo a noba UNESCO deme zie[1].Wei Liangfu [zh] ba naŋ boɔlɔ Kunqu naŋ taa noɔre kpeɛo sããkonnoo yieluŋ gɔɔloŋ, [2] kyɛ nyɛ yuori a Liang Chenyunaŋ de gɔɔloŋ naŋ be Huansha i boŋŋmeɛre ( Kaao gɔɔloŋ ). [3] A yuoni 2006, o yuori da poɔ la teŋɛ saakonnoo noba poɔ. A yuoni 2008 ba da de la noba naŋ areko ba sããkonnoo. December 2018, a neɛ naŋ kaara a zannoo yɛlɛ yeli ka Peking univaniti e la bone baŋ naŋ de ko ba Chinese Kunqu sããkonnoo [4] .
Kunqu maŋ de la boŋŋmeɛre naŋ kono a ŋa yieluŋ ne Qu flute, mi woŋ ata ne a boŋŋmeɛre na naŋ tuuro, : o e la yieluŋ naŋ sagera "Zhongzhou Rhyme."
Dakoroŋ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Gu Jian, yeli ka Kunshan de la yieluŋ ko Yuan dynasty A Kunqu deɛdeɛ deɛ la Hu Sanniang deɛne a Peking univaniti poɔ.
Kunqu gɔne sage ka a baara a Ming Dynasty wagere a yi Wei Laiangfu [zh](魏良輔) naŋ yi Taicang poɔ, kyɛ a yieluŋ naŋ piele Kunshan zuiŋ (5) Wei maale Kunshan gɔne nyɛ la yieluŋ naŋ yi Haiyan (海鹽) naŋ piele Hanghou ne Yiyang (弋陽) Jiangxi; meŋ lanne la a nanxi lanleebo, naŋ de de daa boŋŋmeɛre, ne a northern zaju, be la miwoŋ boŋŋmeɛre maŋ be. Ba maale Kunshan gɔne naŋ nommo ba na maŋ boɔle ka " koɔ miri" gɔne (水磨調, shuimo diao). A Kunqu gɔɔloŋ naŋ yi yieluŋ, seɛrɛ bee boŋŋmeɛre kaara meŋ da maale la Silken Gause (浣紗記, Huan Sha Ji) naŋ yi Liang Chenyu (梁辰魚) ba naŋ dɔge o Kunshan a de Kunshan gɔne gɔɔloŋ.[6] Kunqu e la chuanqi,kyɛ ka o waabo taa da ta noba zaa a kyɛ ka ayi soba e Chinese deme wagere na boŋŋmeɛre.
Kunqu gɔɔloŋ gyamaa naŋ baŋ ne o e la Peony sɛgebo Tang Xianzu deme naŋ sɛge. O tontonne tɔna la ama , emaaroŋ yɛlɛ, ne nyɔvore ba baara yɛlɛ. Kunqu deɛne maŋ tuo vɛŋ ka noba yaga seɛ gɔɔloŋ seɛre Chinese yieluŋ paalaa zaa, a paa poɔ ne Peking gɔɔloŋ, naŋ taa Kunqu boŋŋmeɛre zaa.
Ba da baŋ ne la Kunqu ka Yabu(雅部, "elegant drama"), ka o da waa kyakya a yi a gɔɔloŋ parɛɛ na zaa ( aseŋ Shaanxi gɔɔloŋ, Clapper gɔɔloŋ Yiyang gune,Peking gɔɔloŋ ane a mine kaŋa.) naŋ leɛ Huabu(花部, "flowery drama"), ne a tɔna, Kunqu bompeɛle naŋ e bokora naŋ daa leɛ seŋ la 19th dakoroŋ na. Ane lɛ zaa a 20th dakoroŋ piiluu, neɛ naŋ nɔŋ noba da la maaleŋ maale la Kunqu ka da la kɔɔre a noba zie.
A ŋa a sããkonnoo saa naŋ yi Chinese gɔɔloŋ, Kunqu de la puori dɔŋɛɛ a yi a dakoroŋ wagere ne a noba naŋ da ba sagera na wagre a yi a Western dakoroŋ wagre a polisiri waabo zuiŋ, ba na da nyɛ la kyilluu naŋ ba poɔrɔ a yelpaaba ŋa eŋ.
Zenɛ, Kunqu gɔɔloŋ deɛdeɛne naŋ e Mainland Chinese ayɔpoi tenne. Beijing ( Northern Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Shanghai ( Shanghai Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Suzhou (Suzhou Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Nanjing (Jiangsu Province Kun Opera), Chenzhou (Hunan Kunqu gɔɔloŋ ), Yongjia County/Wenzhou (Yongjia Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Nanjing (Jiangsu Province Kun Opera), Chenzhou (Hunan Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), Yongjia County/Wenzhou (Yongjia Kunqu Theater) ne Hangzhou (Zhejiang Province Kunqu gɔɔloŋ), ka waa ŋa Taipei. naŋ ba baŋ opera naŋ tendaa taa la doɔne a tenne mine active in many naŋ be China ne naasaale tenne lanne ba naŋ maŋ wa tasoga yɔkaara zie.
A yuoni 1919 Mei Lanfang ne Han Shichang Kunqu seɛseɛrɛ, gaa Japan te seɛ a yuoni 1930, Mei seɛ Kunqu a United State ne a Soviet lammo naŋ nyɛ.
O noɔ bee gɔne e la anaare pare Melodies Chinese.
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]A yuoni 2006, Zhou Bing da waa la bonmaala kyɛ la waa neɛ naŋ kaara toma Kunqu gɔɔloŋ yɛlɛ ( Kun Opera) o nyɛ la kyɔɔtaare a 12th China TV Golden Eagle kyɔɔtaare; o nyɛ la kyɔɔtaare a TV Art Features of 21st Starlight a yuoni 2006.
Kunqu gɔɔloŋ e la saakonnoo yelkaama a Han noba naŋ be China, gaŋ a zaa a yelkaama gɔɔloŋ. Ba boɔlɔ o la " orchid" a ture nengyamaa poɔ.
Kunqu gɔɔloŋ e la zoŋ yieluŋ, yieluŋ kyeɛbo, seɛre, zɔɔri yelkaama. Ba baŋ ne o la yieluŋ naŋ nommo yaga, garaseɛ gɔɔloŋ deɛne. O e la a gɔɔloŋ kaŋa a Southern opera waaloŋ ba naŋ boɔlɔ" saakonnoo ture opera". Kunqu opera de la boŋŋmeɛre yieluŋ laleebo, ne Qudi naŋ e miwoŋ boŋŋmwɛre.
Bammo
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Kunqu gɔɔloŋ da poɔ la a noɔre yelbie nensaaloŋ sããkonnoo na poɔ a yi UNESCO a yuouni 2001 poɔ, meŋ da poɔ a noɔre dakoroŋ na nenesaaloŋ saakonnoo a yuoni 2008 naŋ.[8][9][10]
A yuoni 2018 December kyuu poɔ, a neɛ naŋ kaara gane zane yɛlɛ ofiri poɔ la ba ka yeli Peking univanit yɛlɛ ka o a piiluu ko a Chinese sããkonnoo [4]
Chinese da seɛ la Kunqu opera seɛre a yuoni 2009 sããkonnoo
A November kyuu a 2019 yuoni poɔ, a teŋɛ maale saakonnoo ," a northern kunqu opera gɔɔloŋ, nensaaleba namine be irigyin naŋ be a tɛge, jiangsu irigyin naŋ be a teŋɛ poɔ, ba laŋkpolo naŋ erɛ a yelkaama. co., LTD., Shanghai namine, naŋ maŋ nyɛ naa maŋ nyɛ la kunqu oper ChuanXiSuo ( zhejiang), China sakuuri da poɔ la a yelkaama" kunqu opera" poɔ.(clarify) A September kyuu a 2022 poɔ, yelpaae (Yongjia Kunqu Opera Training Institute).ba emmo zuiŋ, fee na ba naŋ kaara ba da leɛ ko la yuori ka Yongja kunqu opera Troupe e (Yongjia Kunqu Opera Training lammo).
Waaloŋ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Kunqu opera waaloŋ waa ŋa buge na. Yieluŋ kyeɛbu meŋ maŋ waa ŋa a buge, a opera tɛɛtɛɛloŋ na baŋ tere la deɛ zagelaa a yi a neɛzaa deɛne zie. Kyɛ a waa ziere a naare ba naŋ wuli a waaloŋ: kɔkɔre, zuluŋ, enfuoni, nimikaare.A tɛɛtɛɛloŋ meŋa naŋ be Nankun ne Beikun ba e noba naŋ lantaa yieluŋ bee seɛre poɔ aroozie , ka a yieluŋ be la southern bee northern. Kunqu Qupai yieluŋ na baŋ poŋ eŋ la noɔre qupai ne Qupai boŋŋmeɛre a yi ba eebo zie. A meɛroŋ kpoŋ naŋ be a eroŋ e la yieluŋ noɔ, maale la lommo lanne yieluŋ ne seɛre a kɔre .
A Kunqu opera waaloŋ a eroŋ taa la yieluŋ noɔ, maale lammo, lanne yieluŋ, seɛre, teɛroŋ a kɔre. Kunqu opera waa la yieluŋ ne seɛre lammo naŋ e a eroŋ ŋa gbɛɛ yaga a maŋ saa la a eroŋ a neɛ zaa naŋ erɛ kyɛ ka a naŋ baŋ e la nyageroŋ na baŋ poŋ eŋ la ziere ayi: a kaŋa la bonsoŋ ka neɛ wa seɛre bee yieluŋ noɔ, naŋ e superb seɛre kyɛ e bone naŋ sommo naŋ naŋ taa noɔ. A opera kunqu seɛre da taa la saakonnoo kyɛ taa noba yelerree maŋ yitaa, ba seɛre ne ba yieluŋ ba naŋaŋ seɛ, aseŋ ka neɛ baŋ a neɛ naŋ maana a seɛre. Seɛre yaga zaa maŋ maŋ kaa a mannoo maŋ waa la seɛre na naŋ maŋ maale ne boŋŋmeɛre, ka a waa boŋŋmeɛre naŋ manne a seɛre senselloŋ. Bone ba naŋ maŋ pɛge a eebozie ne yieluŋ naŋ nomma ne seɛreyieluŋ gbɛɛ yaga maŋ maale la naŋ seɛre meŋa naŋ wulu a yieluŋ zaa yieluu ne a seɛre.
A Nianbai kunqu meŋ taa la la o waaloŋ bonso o maale yi la Wuzhong, azuiŋ o kɔkɔre taa la Wu Nong kɔkɔbaaloŋ na. A zaa poɔ, Harlequin meŋ taa la a kɔkɔbele a yi a Wu kɔkɔbele na zie, a mine la;Su, Bai,Yanzhou Bai,ane a mine kaŋa. A kɔkɔre ba naŋ maŋ dire ne demɛ a Wuzhong paaloŋ taa nyɔvotɔɔre soŋ ka a maŋ ta soŋa yeli Allegro gɔɔloŋ naŋ e o tɔɔraa. A poɔ meŋ, kunqu opera taa la a kune tɔɔraa yelbie, duolo, lanleebo, ane a mine kaŋa, naŋ lantaa a maale yieluŋ.
Maaloozie
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Kunqu opera pɔŋ eŋ la ziere ata; sinian, horn ne hone kɔrɔ.[1] bonso a kun kure e la a Southern opera deni, o tɔna la a toma a Southern opera naŋ tɔna,kyɛ nyɔge a Southern zaju wogiroŋ, a derɛ a sheng kɔkɔkpoŋ. Dan, Jing, Mei, Chou, yi ne kyɛ mare a gɔɔloŋ ayɔpoi [11]. Huan Sha Ji [12] tonkurɔ saa ŋa a waaloŋ na a kun opera piilee. A poɔ a duolo ayɔpoi a Southern opera, o maŋ oɛge la a Zaju eebo a Yuan Dynasty. A eebo mine maŋ dɛɛ waa kun opera kure Kangxi wagera, Qing Dynasty da tɔna la. A kun opera maale biŋ la a meɛroŋ pie ne ayi bare ne buli poɔ. A Qianlong, kunqu opera wagere na,kunqu opera yuori da yiri la ka a yelkaama eebo da dosaa , ka yelpaaba meŋ da kpɛ a meɛroŋ poɔ. A yelkaama eebo baabo zuiŋ a kun toma pogebu da la maaleŋ saaŋɛɛ la. A yi a Jia ne Dao a kun opera toma lanne a bare ne a buli pie ne ayi kaabo poge la a toma. A yi a mie lanuu, Shang, Dan, Jing, Mo ne Cjou,[4] mie lezare mine meŋ yi a la, ka ba boɔlɔ " pama lezare "
Kun opera sããkonnoo bageneba gbɛɛ yaga deɛdeɛmɛ pie ne ba nii ba naŋ boɔlɔ"18 net" kyɛ ka mine fee taa lezare ne bayɔpoi deɛdeɛmɛ. Gyamaa zaa taa la deɛdeɛmɛ pie a deɛne tɔnnoɔre na baŋ leɛre ko la deɛdeɛmɛ na naŋ piele. A deɛdeɛmɛ pie ŋa maŋ baŋ waa " ten court column" ka ana la ; laafeeloŋ, bonsuuri laafeeloŋ, nenkureba, baaraa, kpeɛŋɔ[11]. A deɛne noba naŋ baŋ ne mine la; Kuroo, sakuuri biiri, Zhengdan a ne a mine a naare.
Kun duolo zaa taa la o meŋɛ baabo ne o eebo. A gɔɔloŋ eebo kɔkɔre la maŋ maale kunqu opera deɛne a yi a waaloŋ meŋɛ narebo ne yeg naŋ are ziyeni sere ka o deɛ.
Eebozie eroŋ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]A waa la ziere ata; bondaabonsuuri,gɔɔloŋ ne waaloŋ vilaa, ane boma ba naŋ pɛge ne nimitɔɔre waaloŋ [zh]. A naŋ poɔ a saakonnoo bonsuuri gɔɔloŋ opera waaloŋ na e la Yuan ne Ming Dynasty, a kunqu opera yeltuuri mine yietaa ne a bonsuuri na naŋ da yaare a teŋɛ a wagre na. A da maŋ saa la a deɛne poɔ. Sogyare da maŋ taa la ba mine yitaa bonsuuri meŋ naŋ waa a tɔɔraa a seŋ a teŋɛ saakonnoo. " Facebook " la ka ba maŋ de la a intanenti ayi ne a faare yɛlɛ toɔle eŋ a be. Deɛdeɛmɛ fee lɛ la maŋ yi Sheng ane Dan kyɛ meŋ maŋ waa kaapɔge yɛlɛ, a ŋmaa naa ne Zhong Wuyan (Dan) kyɛ ka a waaloŋ waa seɛ, pilaa, ne sogelaa.
A yi yuomo ba naŋ maŋ nare a, kunqu opera deɛne maale soŋ ka a deɛne ŋa nyɛ arezisonne a Chinese opera poɔ, a lɛzuiŋ, Chinese opera deɛdeɛmɛ naŋ baara lo opera, kyɛ ka opera gyamaa nyɛ arezisonne, a kunqu opera zie.
Tɔna
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Kunqu opera la a boŋŋmɛkure kaŋa a Ckina poɔ lanne ne deɛne naŋ taa sagediibu a yi a piiluu a waana ŋaa, a yi a wagere leɛbo, a sɛgebo, a kɔkɔre ane a deɛne maŋ kyille la a kunqu opera. A la waana meŋ, ba baŋ ne o la " bone naŋ vuorɔ" naŋ ba taa kyilluu yaga kyɛ taa saakonnoo waaloŋ. O e la dakoroŋ opera na kaŋa a tendaazaa wa tɔ ŋaa o meŋ la areko la Han teŋɛ.
Irigyini
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]A Kunban deɛne yelterre naŋ bebe azuiŋ a Wanhi yuoni baaraa, Kunqu opera meŋ da poɔ la a Beijing ne Hunan a yi a Yangzhou naŋ nyɛ a wie a kɔkɔrɛɛ zaa poɔ baa da waa a yielɛkpoŋ a sɛgere poɔ. " Yiele anaare fere waa la Zong Wumen" A Ming Dynasty baaraa ne a Qing Dynasty piiluu, kunqu opera yaare la Sichuan, Guizhou,ne Guengdong ne o baabo da waa la a teŋɛ boŋŋmeɛre. A kunqu opera kyeɛbo da maŋ yi la Wu kɔkɔre boɔlɔɔ kyɛ o naŋ wa piile ziere mine o da lanne la a teŋɛ kɔkɔrɛɛ mine ne yieluŋ kurɔ parɛɛ naŋ e gyamaa naŋ lantaa a maale kunqu naŋ somma kyɛ areko a opera deme zaa. A Qaianlang wagere na,a Qing Dynasty baabo a kunqu opera kpɛ la ziere, a yi a lɛ kunqu opera naŋ piile yaara la naŋ kure ta yuomo kɔɔre ata ne kɔɔre ayɔpoi a waa a boŋkure naŋ taa China saakonnoo a teŋɛ zaa.
A Kunshan kyeɛbo da piile yaara a ziere naŋ da ba tara Suzhou ziere, a Wanli wagere,. O da gaare te ta la Yangtze baa me Qiaantan baa ka Suzhou e a soga kyɛ meŋ zo te ta Beijing a Wanli wagera na. A Qing Dynasty, a Kangxi naa da nɔŋ la kunqu opera naŋ vɛŋ ka o la maaleŋ yaare. A ŋaa zuiŋ, Kunshan kyeɛbo da taa la wulibu a yi Ming Dynasty te ta Qing Dynasty soga.
Fujian
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Ming Wani wager (1573-1619) sere ka Fujian piile. A Kunshan Fuijan kɔkɔre piiluu da e la a yuoni1574 poɔ kunqu opera da de la Fujian zaa a wulibu kaŋa a Fujian opera poɔ.
A nemburi deɛne naŋ yi Cao Xuefu[ zh ] a Ming Dynasty baaraa a noɔre meŋa yelerree " Douqiang" taa la Kunshan waaloŋ mine, aseŋ; Ziyuchai naŋ areko a bombelii e la " gɔne pie me ata". Kunqu opera meŋ waa ŋa laŋkpole kyeɛbo na. Qianlong naa yuomo lezare ne pie ne ata (1770), Jiariou teŋɛ naŋ maale Zhai Ya Lin Qu dentaa zane la Kunshan kyeɛbo ba naŋ baŋ ne o " gɔne gyamaa kyeɛbo "
Zhejiang
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Kunqu opera ba naŋ baŋ ne o " Cao kun ne jin kun"waa la kunqu opera meŋ tɔɔraa a waa Jinhua ziere a Zhejiang. A kyilluu a bonsuuri ne a kɔkɔre noɔ zuiŋ a deɛne yeltuuri naŋ waa tɔɔre zuiŋ, kɔrebo la maŋ waa ba kyɛlekyɛlebe gyamaa a kɔkɔre yuori la maaleŋ yiri la. Ba deɛ la ka kultaa deɛne naŋ taa kaama yi Ming Dynasty. O nyɛ la kyɛlekyɛlebe opera Wu.Kunqu opera la a Quzhou bee a Jinhua yel-enne.
Eroŋ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]. Mei Lanfang
. Zhang Jiqing
. Hua Wenyi
. Yan. Huizhu
. Zhang Jun
Toma ba naŋ baŋ ne
. A " peony pavilion "( Tang Xianzu)
. A eŋmaaroŋ toma ( Kong Shangren)
. A zie naŋ taa nyɔvoretɔɔre ( Hong Sheng)
. A "Western Mansion" ( Southern tɔɔrevmaŋ yi Wang Shifu Zaju)
. A kɔkɔre eebo a Dou E ( naŋ yi Guan Hanqing Zaju)
. A " Kite ( Li Yu)