Introduce first-time users to your app

To show a first-time user how to get the most from your app, present onboarding information at app startup. Here are some examples of onboarding information:

Present detailed information on which channels are available when a user first accesses a channel app.
Call attention to noteworthy features in your app.
Illustrate any required or recommended steps for users to take when using the app for the first time.

The androidx.leanback library provides the OnboardingSupportFragment class for presenting first-time user information. This guide describes how to use the OnboardingSupportFragment class to present introductory information that is shown when the app launches for the first time.

OnboardingSupportFragment uses TV UI best practices to present information in a way that matches TV UI styles and is easy to navigate on TV devices.

Figure 1. An example OnboardingSupportFragment.

OnboardingSupportFragment is not appropriate for every use case. Don't use OnboardingSupportFragment when you need to include UI elements that require user input, such as buttons and fields. Also, don't use OnboardingSupportFragment for tasks the user will do regularly. Finally, if you need to present a multi-page UI that requires user input, consider using a GuidedStepSupportFragment.

Add an OnboardingSupportFragment

To add an OnboardingSupportFragment to your app, implement a class that extends the OnboardingSupportFragment class. Add this fragment to an activity, either using the activity's layout XML or programmatically. Make sure the activity or fragment uses a theme derived from Theme_Leanback_Onboarding, as described in the Customize themes section.

In the onCreate() method of your app's main activity, call startActivity() with an Intent that points to the parent activity of your OnboardingSupportFragment. This helps ensure that your OnboardingSupportFragment appears as soon as your app starts.

To help ensure that the OnboardingSupportFragment only appears the first time that the user starts your app, use a SharedPreferences object to track whether the user has already viewed the OnboardingSupportFragment. Define a boolean value that changes to true when the user finishes viewing the OnboardingSupportFragment. Check this value in your main activity’s onCreate() method and only start the OnboardingSupportFragment parent activity if the value is false.

The following example shows an override of onCreate() that checks for a SharedPreferences value and, if it is not set to true, calls startActivity() to show the OnboardingSupportFragment:

Kotlin

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this).apply {
        // Check if we need to display our OnboardingSupportFragment
        if (!getBoolean(MyOnboardingSupportFragment.COMPLETED_ONBOARDING_PREF_NAME, false)) {
            // The user hasn't seen the OnboardingSupportFragment yet, so show it
            startActivity(Intent(this@OnboardingActivity, OnboardingActivity::class.java))
        }
    }
}

Java

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    SharedPreferences sharedPreferences =
            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
    // Check if we need to display our OnboardingSupportFragment
    if (!sharedPreferences.getBoolean(
            MyOnboardingSupportFragment.COMPLETED_ONBOARDING_PREF_NAME, false)) {
        // The user hasn't seen the OnboardingSupportFragment yet, so show it
        startActivity(new Intent(this, OnboardingActivity.class));
    }
}

After the user views the OnboardingSupportFragment, mark it as viewed using the SharedPreferences object. To do this, override onFinishFragment() in your OnboardingSupportFragment and set your SharedPreferences value to true, as shown in the following example:

Kotlin

override fun onFinishFragment() {
    super.onFinishFragment()
    // User has seen OnboardingSupportFragment, so mark our SharedPreferences
    // flag as completed so that we don't show our OnboardingSupportFragment
    // the next time the user launches the app
    PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context).edit().apply {
        putBoolean(COMPLETED_ONBOARDING_PREF_NAME, true)
        apply()
    }
}

Java

@Override
protected void onFinishFragment() {
    super.onFinishFragment();
    // User has seen OnboardingSupportFragment, so mark our SharedPreferences
    // flag as completed so that we don't show our OnboardingSupportFragment
    // the next time the user launches the app
    SharedPreferences.Editor sharedPreferencesEditor =
            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getContext()).edit();
    sharedPreferencesEditor.putBoolean(
            COMPLETED_ONBOARDING_PREF_NAME, true);
    sharedPreferencesEditor.apply();
}

Add OnboardingSupportFragment pages

An OnboardingSupportFragment displays content in a series of ordered pages. After you add your OnboardingSupportFragment, you need to define the onboarding pages. Each page can have a title, a description, and several subviews that can contain images or animations.

Figure 2. OnboardingSupportFragment page elements.

Figure 2 shows an example page with callouts marking customizable page elements that your OnboardingSupportFragment can provide. The page elements are:

The page title.
The page description.
The page content view, in this case a simple green checkmark in a grey box. This view is optional. Use this view to illustrate page details. For example, you might include a screenshot that highlights the app feature the page describes.
The page background view, in this case a simple blue gradient. This view always renders behind other views on the page. This view is optional.
The page foreground view, in this case a logo. This view always renders in front of all other views on the page. This view is optional.

Initialize page information when your OnboardingSupportFragment is first created or attached to the parent activity, as the system requests page information when it creates the fragment's view. You can initialize page information in your class constructor or in an override of onAttach().

Override each of the following methods, which provide page information to the system:

getPageCount() returns the number of pages in your OnboardingSupportFragment.
getPageTitle() returns the title for the requested page number.
getPageDescription() returns the description for the requested page number.

Override each of the following methods to provide optional subviews to display images or animations:

onCreateBackgroundView() returns a View that you create to act as the background view or null if no background view is needed.
onCreateContentView() returns a View that you create to act as the content view or null if no content view is needed.
onCreateForegroundView() returns a View that you create to act as the foreground view or null if no foreground view is needed.

The system adds the View that you create to the page layout. The following example overrides onCreateContentView() and returns an ImageView:

Kotlin

private lateinit var contentView: ImageView
...
override fun onCreateContentView(inflater: LayoutInflater?, container: ViewGroup?): View? {
    return ImageView(context).apply {
        scaleType = ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_INSIDE
        setImageResource(R.drawable.onboarding_content_view)
        setPadding(0, 32, 0, 32)
        contentView = this
    }
}

Java

private ImageView contentView;
...
@Override
protected View onCreateContentView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container) {
    contentView = new ImageView(getContext());
    contentView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_INSIDE);
    contentView.setImageResource(R.drawable.onboarding_content_view);
    contentView.setPadding(0, 32, 0, 32);
    return contentView;
}

Add an initial logo screen

Your OnboardingSupportFragment can start with an optional logo screen that introduces your app. If you want to display a Drawable as your logo screen, call setLogoResourceId() with the ID of your Drawable in the onCreate() method of your OnboardingSupportFragment. The system fades in and briefly displays the Drawable, and then fades out the Drawable before displaying the first page of your OnboardingSupportFragment.

If you want to provide a custom animation for your logo screen, instead of calling setLogoResourceId(), override onCreateLogoAnimation() and return an Animator object that renders your custom animation, as shown in the following example:

Kotlin

public override fun onCreateLogoAnimation(): Animator =
        AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(context, R.animator.onboarding_logo_screen_animation)

Java

@Override
public Animator onCreateLogoAnimation() {
    return AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(getContext(),
            R.animator.onboarding_logo_screen_animation);
}

Customize page animations

The system uses default animations when displaying the first page of your OnboardingSupportFragment and when the user navigates to a different page. You can customize these animations by overriding methods in your OnboardingSupportFragment.

To customize the animation that appears on your first page, override onCreateEnterAnimation() and return an Animator. The following example creates an Animator that scales the content view horizontally:

Kotlin

override fun onCreateEnterAnimation(): Animator =
    ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(contentView, View.SCALE_X, 0.2f, 1.0f)
            .setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION)

Java

@Override
protected Animator onCreateEnterAnimation() {
    Animator startAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(contentView,
            View.SCALE_X, 0.2f, 1.0f).setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
    return startAnimator;
}

To customize the animation used when the user navigates to a different page, override onPageChanged(). In your onPageChanged() method, create Animator objects that remove the previous page and display the next page, add these to an AnimatorSet, and play the set. The following example uses a fade-out animation to remove the previous page, updates the content view image, and uses a fade-in animation to display the next page:

Kotlin

override fun onPageChanged(newPage: Int, previousPage: Int) {
    // Create a fade-out animation for previousPage and, once
    // done, swap the contentView image with the next page's image
    val fadeOut = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView, View.ALPHA, 1.0f, 0.0f)
            .setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION)
            .apply {
                addListener(object : AnimatorListenerAdapter() {

                    override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator) {
                        mContentView.setImageResource(pageImages[newPage])
                    }
                })
            }
    // Create a fade-in animation for nextPage
    val fadeIn = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView, View.ALPHA, 0.0f, 1.0f)
            .setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION)
    // Create AnimatorSet with fade-out and fade-in animators and start it
    AnimatorSet().apply {
        playSequentially(fadeOut, fadeIn)
        start()
    }
}

Java

@Override
protected void onPageChanged(final int newPage, int previousPage) {
    // Create a fade-out animation for previousPage and, once
    // done, swap the contentView image with the next page's image
    Animator fadeOut = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView,
            View.ALPHA, 1.0f, 0.0f).setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
    fadeOut.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
        @Override
        public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
            mContentView.setImageResource(pageImages[newPage]);
        }
    });
    // Create a fade-in animation for nextPage
    Animator fadeIn = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(mContentView,
            View.ALPHA, 0.0f, 1.0f).setDuration(ANIMATION_DURATION);
    // Create AnimatorSet with fade-out and fade-in animators and start it
    AnimatorSet set = new AnimatorSet();
    set.playSequentially(fadeOut, fadeIn);
    set.start();
}

For more details about how to create Animator objects and AnimatorSet objects, see Property Animation Overview.

Customize themes

Any OnboardingSupportFragment implementation must use either the Theme_Leanback_Onboarding theme or a theme that inherits from Theme_Leanback_Onboarding. Set the theme for your OnboardingSupportFragment by doing one of the following:

Set the parent activity of the OnboardingSupportFragment to use the desired theme. The following example shows how to set an activity to use Theme_Leanback_Onboarding in the app manifest:
```
<activity
   android:name=".OnboardingActivity"
   android:enabled="true"
   android:exported="true"
   android:theme="@style/Theme.Leanback.Onboarding">
</activity>
```
Set the theme in the parent activity by using the LeanbackOnboardingTheme_onboardingTheme attribute in a custom activity theme. Point this attribute to another custom theme that only the OnboardingSupportFragment objects in your activity use. Use this approach if your activity already uses a custom theme and you don't want to apply OnboardingSupportFragment styles to other views in the activity.
Override onProvideTheme() and return the desired theme. Use this approach if multiple activities use your OnboardingSupportFragment or if the parent activity can't use the desired theme. The following example overrides onProvideTheme() and returns Theme_Leanback_Onboarding:
Kotlin
```
override fun onProvideTheme(): Int = R.style.Theme_Leanback_Onboarding
```
Java
```
@Override
public int onProvideTheme() {
   return R.style.Theme_Leanback_Onboarding;
}
```

Use transport controls

Add a guided step