Animation resources

An animation resource can define one of two types of animations:

Creates an animation by modifying an object's property values over a set period with an Animator.

There are two types of animations that you can do with the view animation framework:

Tween animation: creates an animation by performing a series of transformations on a single image with an Animation.
Frame animation: creates an animation by showing a sequence of images in order with an AnimationDrawable.

Property animation

An animation defined in XML that modifies properties of the target object, such as background color or alpha value, over a set amount of time.

file location:

res/animator/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.

compiled resource datatype:

Resource pointer to a ValueAnimator, ObjectAnimator, or AnimatorSet

resource reference:

In Java-based or Kotlin code: R.animator.filename
In XML: @[package:]animator/filename

syntax:

<set
  android:ordering=["together" | "sequentially"]>

    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="string"
        android:duration="int"
        android:valueFrom="float | int | color"
        android:valueTo="float | int | color"
        android:startOffset="int"
        android:repeatCount="int"
        android:repeatMode=["restart" | "reverse"]
        android:valueType=["intType" | "floatType"]/>

    <animator
        android:duration="int"
        android:valueFrom="float | int | color"
        android:valueTo="float | int | color"
        android:startOffset="int"
        android:repeatCount="int"
        android:repeatMode=["restart" | "reverse"]
        android:valueType=["intType" | "floatType"]/>

    <set>
        ...
    </set>
</set>

The file must have a single root element: either <set>, <objectAnimator>, or <valueAnimator>. You can group animation elements together inside the <set> element, including other <set> elements.

elements:

<set>

A container that holds other animation elements (<objectAnimator>, <valueAnimator>, or other <set> elements). Represents an AnimatorSet.

You can specify nested <set> tags to further group animations. Each <set> can define its own ordering attribute.

Attributes:

android:ordering

Keyword. Specifies the play ordering of animations in this set.

Value	Description
`sequentially`	Play animations in this set sequentially.
`together` (default)	Play animations in this set at the same time.

<objectAnimator>

Animates a specific property of an object over a specific amount of time. Represents an ObjectAnimator.

Attributes:

android:propertyName

String. Required. The object's property to animate, referenced by its name. For example, you can specify "alpha" or "backgroundColor" for a View object. The objectAnimator element doesn't expose a target attribute, however, so you can't set the object to animate in the XML declaration. You have to inflate your animation XML resource by calling loadAnimator(), and call setTarget() to set the target object that contains this property.

android:valueTo

float, int, or color. Required. The value where the animated property ends. Colors are represented as six-digit hexadecimal numbers, such as #333333.

android:valueFrom

float, int, or color. The value where the animated property starts. If not specified, the animation starts at the value obtained by the property's get method. Colors are represented as six-digit hexadecimal numbers, such as #333333.

android:duration

int. The time in milliseconds of the animation. 300 milliseconds is the default.

android:startOffset

int. The amount of milliseconds the animation delays after start() is called.

android:repeatCount

int. How many times to repeat an animation. Set to "-1" to infinitely repeat or to a positive integer. For example, a value of "1" means that the animation is repeated once after the initial run of the animation, so the animation plays a total of two times. The default value is "0", which means no repetition.

android:repeatMode

int. How an animation behaves when it reaches the end of the animation. android:repeatCount must be set to a positive integer or "-1" for this attribute to have an effect. Set to "reverse" to have the animation reverse direction with each iteration or "restart" to have the animation loop from the beginning each time.

android:valueType

Keyword. Don't specify this attribute if the value is a color. The animation framework automatically handles color values.

Value	Description
`intType`	Specifies that the animated values are integers.
`floatType` (default)	Specifies that the animated values are floats.

<animator>

Performs an animation over a specified amount of time. Represents a ValueAnimator.

Attributes:

android:valueTo

float, int, or color. Required. The value where the animation ends. Colors are represented as six-digit hexadecimal numbers, such as #333333.

android:valueFrom

float, int, or color. Required. The value where the animation starts. Colors are represented as six-digit hexadecimal numbers, such as #333333.

android:duration

int. The time in milliseconds of the animation. 300ms is the default.

android:startOffset

int. The amount of milliseconds the animation delays after start() is called.

android:repeatCount

android:repeatMode

android:valueType

Keyword. Don't specify this attribute if the value is a color. The animation framework automatically handles color values.

Value	Description
`intType`	Specifies that the animated values are integers.
`floatType` (default)	Specifies that the animated values are floats.

example:

XML file saved at res/animator/property_animator.xml:

<set android:ordering="sequentially">
    <set>
        <objectAnimator
            android:propertyName="x"
            android:duration="500"
            android:valueTo="400"
            android:valueType="intType"/>
        <objectAnimator
            android:propertyName="y"
            android:duration="500"
            android:valueTo="300"
            android:valueType="intType"/>
    </set>
    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="alpha"
        android:duration="500"
        android:valueTo="1f"/>
</set>

To run this animation, inflate the XML resources in your code to an AnimatorSet object, and then set the target objects for all the animations before starting the animation set. Calling setTarget() sets a single target object for all children of the AnimatorSet as a convenience. The following code shows how to do this:

Kotlin

val set: AnimatorSet = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(myContext, R.animator.property_animator)
    .apply {
        setTarget(myObject)
        start()
    }

Java

AnimatorSet set = (AnimatorSet) AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(myContext,
    R.animator.property_animator);
set.setTarget(myObject);
set.start();

see also:

Property Animation Overview
API demos for examples of how to use the property animation system

View animation

The view animation framework supports both tween and frame-by-frame animations, which are both declared in XML. The following sections describe how to use both methods.

Tween animation

An animation defined in XML that performs transitions on a graphic such as rotating, fading, moving, and stretching.

file location:

res/anim/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.

compiled resource datatype:

Resource pointer to an Animation

resource reference:

In Java: R.anim.filename
In XML: @[package:]anim/filename

syntax:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:interpolator="@[package:]anim/interpolator_resource"
    android:shareInterpolator=["true" | "false"] >
    <alpha
        android:fromAlpha="float"
        android:toAlpha="float" />
    <scale
        android:fromXScale="float"
        android:toXScale="float"
        android:fromYScale="float"
        android:toYScale="float"
        android:pivotX="float"
        android:pivotY="float" />
    <translate
        android:fromXDelta="float"
        android:toXDelta="float"
        android:fromYDelta="float"
        android:toYDelta="float" />
    <rotate
        android:fromDegrees="float"
        android:toDegrees="float"
        android:pivotX="float"
        android:pivotY="float" />
    <set>
        ...
    </set>
</set>

The file must have a single root element: either an <alpha>, <scale>, <translate>, <rotate>, or <set> element that holds a group (or groups) of other animation elements (including nested <set> elements).

elements:

<set>

A container that holds other animation elements (<alpha>, <scale>, <translate>, <rotate>) or other <set> elements. Represents an AnimationSet.

Attributes:

android:interpolator: Interpolator resource. An Interpolator to apply on the animation. The value must be a reference to a resource that specifies an interpolator, not an interpolator class name. There are default interpolator resources available from the platform or you can create your own interpolator resource. See the following discussion for more information about interpolators.
android:shareInterpolator: Boolean. "true" if you want to share the same interpolator among all child elements.

<alpha>

A fade-in or fade-out animation. Represents an AlphaAnimation.

Attributes:

android:fromAlpha: Float. Starting opacity offset, where 0.0 is transparent and 1.0 is opaque.
android:toAlpha: Float. Ending opacity offset, where 0.0 is transparent and 1.0 is opaque.

For more attributes supported by <alpha>, see the class reference for Animation, whose XML attributes are inherited by this element.

<scale>

A resizing animation. You can specify the center point of the image from which it grows outward or inward by specifying pivotX and pivotY. For example, if these values are 0,0 (the top-left corner), all growth is down and to the right. Represents a ScaleAnimation.

Attributes:

android:fromXScale: Float. Starting X size offset, where 1.0 is no change.
android:toXScale: Float. Ending X size offset, where 1.0 is no change.
android:fromYScale: Float. Starting Y size offset, where 1.0 is no change.
android:toYScale: Float. Ending Y size offset, where 1.0 is no change.
android:pivotX: Float. The X coordinate to remain fixed when the object is scaled.
android:pivotY: Float. The Y coordinate to remain fixed when the object is scaled.

For more attributes supported by <scale>, see the class reference for Animation, whose XML attributes are inherited by this element.

<translate>

A vertical and/or horizontal motion. Represents a TranslateAnimation. Supports the following attributes in any of these three formats:

Values from -100 to 100 ending with "%", indicating a percentage relative to itself.
Values from -100 to 100 ending in "%p", indicating a percentage relative to its parent.
A float value with no suffix, indicating an absolute value.

Attributes:

android:fromXDelta: Float or percentage. Starting X offset. Expressed either in pixels relative to the normal position, such as "5"; in percentage relative to the element width, such as "5%"; or in percentage relative to the parent width, such as "5%p".
android:toXDelta: Float or percentage. Ending X offset. Expressed either in pixels relative to the normal position, such as "5"; in percentage relative to the element width, such as "5%"; or in percentage relative to the parent width, such as "5%p".
android:fromYDelta: Float or percentage. Starting Y offset. Expressed either in pixels relative to the normal position, such as "5"; in percentage relative to the element height, such as "5%"; or in percentage relative to the parent height, such as "5%p".
android:toYDelta: Float or percentage. Ending Y offset. Expressed either in pixels relative to the normal position, such as "5"; in percentage relative to the element height, such as "5%"; or in percentage relative to the parent height, such as "5%p".

For more attributes supported by <translate>, see the class reference for Animation, whose XML attributes are inherited by this element.

<rotate>

A rotation animation. Represents a RotateAnimation.

Attributes:

android:fromDegrees: Float. Starting angular position, in degrees.
android:toDegrees: Float. Ending angular position, in degrees.
android:pivotX: Float or percentage. The X coordinate of the center of rotation. Expressed either in pixels relative to the object's left edge, such as "5"; in percentage relative to the object's left edge, such as "5%"; or in percentage relative to the parent container's left edge, such as "5%p".
android:pivotY: Float or percentage. The Y coordinate of the center of rotation. Expressed either in pixels relative to the object's top edge, such as "5"; in percentage relative to the object's top edge, such as "5%"; or in percentage relative to the parent container's top edge, such as "5%p".

For more attributes supported by <rotate>, see the class reference for Animation, whose XML attributes are inherited by this element.

example:

XML file saved at res/anim/hyperspace_jump.xml:

<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shareInterpolator="false">
    <scale
        android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator"
        android:fromXScale="1.0"
        android:toXScale="1.4"
        android:fromYScale="1.0"
        android:toYScale="0.6"
        android:pivotX="50%"
        android:pivotY="50%"
        android:fillAfter="false"
        android:duration="700" />
    <set
        android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator"
        android:startOffset="700">
        <scale
            android:fromXScale="1.4"
            android:toXScale="0.0"
            android:fromYScale="0.6"
            android:toYScale="0.0"
            android:pivotX="50%"
            android:pivotY="50%"
            android:duration="400" />
        <rotate
            android:fromDegrees="0"
            android:toDegrees="-45"
            android:toYScale="0.0"
            android:pivotX="50%"
            android:pivotY="50%"
            android:duration="400" />
    </set>
</set>

The following application code applies the animation to an ImageView and starts the animation:

Kotlin

val image: ImageView = findViewById(R.id.image)
val hyperspaceJump: Animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, R.anim.hyperspace_jump)
image.startAnimation(hyperspaceJump)

Java

ImageView image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
Animation hyperspaceJump = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, R.anim.hyperspace_jump);
image.startAnimation(hyperspaceJump);

see also:

View Animation

Interpolators

An interpolator is an animation modifier defined in XML that affects the rate of change in an animation. This lets your existing animation effects be accelerated, decelerated, repeated, bounced, etc.

An interpolator is applied to an animation element with the android:interpolator attribute, the value of which is a reference to an interpolator resource.

All interpolators available in Android are subclasses of the Interpolator class. For each interpolator class, Android includes a public resource you can reference to apply the interpolator to an animation using the android:interpolator attribute. The following table specifies the resource to use for each interpolator:

Interpolator class	Resource ID
`AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator`	`@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator`
`AccelerateInterpolator`	`@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator`
`AnticipateInterpolator`	`@android:anim/anticipate_interpolator`
`AnticipateOvershootInterpolator`	`@android:anim/anticipate_overshoot_interpolator`
`BounceInterpolator`	`@android:anim/bounce_interpolator`
`CycleInterpolator`	`@android:anim/cycle_interpolator`
`DecelerateInterpolator`	`@android:anim/decelerate_interpolator`
`LinearInterpolator`	`@android:anim/linear_interpolator`
`OvershootInterpolator`	`@android:anim/overshoot_interpolator`

Here's how you can apply one of these with the android:interpolator attribute:

<set android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_interpolator">
    ...
</set>

Custom interpolators

If you're not satisfied with the interpolators provided by the platform, you can create a custom interpolator resource with modified attributes. For example, you can adjust the rate of acceleration for the AnticipateInterpolator or adjust the number of cycles for the CycleInterpolator. To do so, you create your own interpolator resource in an XML file.

file location:

res/anim/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.

compiled resource datatype:

Resource pointer to the corresponding interpolator object

resource reference:

In XML: @[package:]anim/filename

syntax:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<InterpolatorName xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:attribute_name="value"
    />

If you don't apply any attributes, then your interpolator functions exactly the same as those provided by the platform, listed in the preceding table.

elements:

Notice that each Interpolator implementation, when defined in XML, has a name that begins with a lowercase letter.

example:

XML file saved at res/anim/my_overshoot_interpolator.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<overshootInterpolator xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:tension="7.0"
    />

This animation XML applies the interpolator:

<scale xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:interpolator="@anim/my_overshoot_interpolator"
    android:fromXScale="1.0"
    android:toXScale="3.0"
    android:fromYScale="1.0"
    android:toYScale="3.0"
    android:pivotX="50%"
    android:pivotY="50%"
    android:duration="700" />

Frame animation

An animation defined in XML that shows a sequence of images in order, like a film.

file location:

res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.

compiled resource datatype:

Resource pointer to an AnimationDrawable

resource reference:

In Java: R.drawable.filename
In XML: @[package:]drawable.filename

syntax:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:oneshot=["true" | "false"] >
    <item
        android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource_name"
        android:duration="integer" />
</animation-list>

elements:

example:

XML file saved at res/drawable/rocket_thrust.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:oneshot="false">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust1" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust2" android:duration="200" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/rocket_thrust3" android:duration="200" />
</animation-list>

The following application code sets the animation as the background for a View, then play the animation:

Kotlin

val rocketImage: ImageView = findViewById(R.id.rocket_image)
rocketImage.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.rocket_thrust)

val rocketAnimation = rocketImage.background
if (rocketAnimation is Animatable) {
    rocketAnimation.start()
}

Java

ImageView rocketImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.rocket_image);
rocketImage.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.rocket_thrust);

rocketAnimation = rocketImage.getBackground();
if (rocketAnimation instanceof Animatable) {
    ((Animatable)rocketAnimation).start();
}

see also:

View Animation

About resource types

Color state list