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Tužba Južnoafričke Republike za genocid protiv Izraela

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Tužba za genocid Južnoafričke Republike protiv Izraela [1] je predmet koji je u toku pred Međunarodnim sudom pravde podnesenom 29. decembra 2023. od strane Južnoafričke Republike u vezi s ponašanjem Izraela u pojasu Gaze tokom rata između Izraela i Hamasa, koji je rezultirao humanitarnom krizom i masovnim ubijanja.

Južnoafrička Republika tvrdi da je Izrael počinio i da čini genocid nad Palestincima u Pojasu Gaze, kršeći Konvenciju o genocidu, uključujući ono što je Južnoafrička Republika opisala kao izraelski apartheid od 75 godina, 56-godišnju okupaciju i 16-godišnju blokadu Pojasa.[2] Južnoafrička Republika je zatražila da Međunarodni sud pravde ukaže na privremene mjere zaštite, uključujući trenutnu obustavu operacija Izraela.[3][4][5][6] Izrael je optužbe Južnoafričke Republike okarakterisao kao "neosnovane", optužujući tu zemlju da "funkcioniše kao legalna ruka" Hamasa.[7][8] Izrael je rekao da vodi rat za samoodbranu u skladu s međunarodnim pravom nakon napada pod vodstvom Hamasa na njegovu teritoriju 7. oktobra 2023.[9]

Dvodnevna javna saslušanja održana su 11. i 12. januara 2024. u Palati mira u Hagu.[10] Sud je zaključio da je moguće da bi akcije Izraela u Pojasu Gaze mogle predstavljati genocid i izdao privremene mjere,[11] u kojima je naredio Izraelu da preduzme sve mjere kako bi spriječio bilo kakve radnje suprotne Konvenciji o genocidu iz 1948,[12][13][14] ali nije naredio Izraelu da obustavi svoju vojnu kampanju.[15] Sud je također izrazio zabrinutost za sudbinu talaca držanih u Pojasu Gaze[16] i priznao katastrofalnu situaciju u Gazi.[17] Krajem februara, Human Rights Watch i Amnesty International su tvrdili da Izrael nije postupio u skladu s privremenim mjerama Suda i da ometanje ulaska i distribucije pomoći predstavlja ratne zločine.[18][19]

Dana 28. marta 2024, nakon drugog zahtjeva za dodatnim mjerama, Međunarodni sud pravde je naredio nove hitne mjere, naređujući Izraelu da bez odlaganja osigura osnovne zalihe hrane, jer se stanovnici Gaze suočavaju s glađu.[20][21] Dana 24. maja, sa 13 glasova za i dva protiv, Sud je izdao ono što su neki stručnjaci smatrali dvosmislenom naredbom, ali koja je široko shvaćena kao da zahtijeva od Izraela da odmah zaustavi svoju ofanzivu na Rafah.[22][23][24][25] Izrael je odbacio ovo tumačenje i nastavio sa svojim ofanzivnim operacijama.[26]

Reference

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  1. ^ Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (S. Afr. v. Isr.), Provisional Measures, ICJ General List No. 192 (24 May 2024) (order aff'g prev. provisional measures, indicating new provisional measures).
  2. ^ Powell, Anita (January 5, 2024). "South Africa to Take Israel to Top UN Court on Genocide Claim in Gaza". Voice of America. Arhivirano s originala, 6 January 2024. Pristupljeno January 6, 2024. In the court application, South Africa argues that the treatment of Palestinians also bears strong resemblance to South Africa's own racially motivated apartheid regime, which ended in 1994 with Mandela's election. "It is important," the submission reads, "to place the acts of genocide in the broader context of Israel's conduct towards Palestinians during its 75-year-long apartheid, its 56-year-long belligerent occupation of Palestinian territory and its 16-year-long blockade of Gaza, including the serious and ongoing violations of international law associated therewith, including grave breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention, and other war crimes and crimes against humanity."
  3. ^ The request for provisional measures is made under Article 74 of the Rules of the Court Arhivirano 6. 1. 2024. na Wayback Machine, which states that "A request for the indication of provisional measures shall have priority over all other cases."
  4. ^ "Proceedings instituted by South Africa against the State of Israel on 29 December 2023" (PDF). International Court of Justice. December 29, 2023. Arhivirano s originala, January 5, 2024. Pristupljeno January 5, 2024. ALT Link
  5. ^ Human Rights Watch 2024.
  6. ^ Masweneng, Kgaugelo (5 January 2024). "Dikgang Moseneke to join bench of judges in Israel-Hamas world court case". TimesLIVE (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 14 January 2024. Pristupljeno 15 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Lior Haiat – Spokesperson of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs". X (formerly Twitter). 2024-01-11. Arhivirano s originala, 17 January 2024. Pristupljeno 22 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Israel: South African genocide claims at ICJ are baseless". The Jerusalem Post. 2024-01-11. Arhivirano s originala, 21 January 2024. Pristupljeno 22 January 2024.
  9. ^ "War against Hamas in Gaza is act of self-defence, Israel tells world court". UN News. 2024-01-12. Arhivirano s originala, 12 January 2024. Pristupljeno 2024-01-21.
  10. ^ "12 January press release: Conclusion of the public hearings held on Thursday 11 and Friday 12 January 2024" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 2023-01-12. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 12 January 2024. Pristupljeno 2024-01-13.
  11. ^ Gaza: ICJ ruling offers hope for protection of civilians enduring apocalyptic conditions, say UN experts. OHCHR. 31 January 2024. "The ICJ found it plausible that Israel’s acts could amount to genocide and issued six provisional measures, ordering Israel to take all measures within its power to prevent genocidal acts, including preventing and punishing incitement to genocide, ensuring aid and services reach Palestinians under siege in Gaza, and preserving evidence of crimes committed in Gaza."
  12. ^ "Israel-Hamas War: Update from Patrick Kingsley". The New York Times. 26 January 2024. Arhivirano s originala, 26 January 2024. Pristupljeno 26 January 2024.
  13. ^ Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel), Provisional Measures, Order of 26 January 2024.
  14. ^ Rajvanshi, Astha (January 26, 2024). "U.N. Court Says Israel Must Prevent Genocidal Acts in Gaza, But Doesn't Order a Ceasefire". TIME. Arhivirano s originala, 26 January 2024. Pristupljeno January 26, 2024.
  15. ^ "World Court stops short of Gaza ceasefire order for Israel". Reuters. 2024-01-27. Pristupljeno 2024-01-27.
  16. ^ "Gaza war: ICJ says Israel must prevent genocidal acts in Gaza". BBC News (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 26 January 2024. Pristupljeno 26 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Israel reined in by ICJ rulings on Gaza – but will it obey?". 26 January 2024. Arhivirano s originala, 26 January 2024. Pristupljeno 26 January 2024 – preko www.bbc.com.
  18. ^ "Israel Not Complying with World Court Order in Genocide Case". Human Rights Watch. 26 February 2024. Arhivirano s originala, 27 February 2024. Pristupljeno 27 February 2024.
  19. ^ "Israel defying ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by failing to allow aid into Gaza". Amnesty International (jezik: engleski). 2024-02-26. Pristupljeno 2024-05-25.
  20. ^ "ICJ orders Israel to stop preventing 'delivery of urgently needed' aid". Al Jazeera. Arhivirano s originala, 2 April 2024. Pristupljeno 2 April 2024.
  21. ^ "World court orders Israel to take action to address Gaza famine". Reuters. 2024-03-28.
  22. ^ Taub, Amanda (2024-05-30). "What the I.C.J. Ruling Actually Means for Israel's Offensive in Rafah". The New York Times (jezik: engleski). ISSN 0362-4331. Pristupljeno 2024-05-30.
  23. ^ Wintour, Patrick (29 May 2024). "How a single comma is allowing Israel to question ICJ Rafah ruling". The Guardian. a directive widely seen to have instructed Israel to completely stop its military offensive
  24. ^ "Isolated Israel argues U.N. court ruling leaves door open to Rafah offensive". NBC News. 27 May 2024. It was widely viewed as an unambiguous statement: The top United Nations court ordered Israel to immediately halt its military assault on Rafah — a dramatic intervention that left the nation and its chief ally, the U.S., increasingly isolated on the world stage.
  25. ^ Haque, Adil. "Halt: The International Court of Justice and the Rafah Offensive". Just Security.
  26. ^ "Israel-Gaza: What does ICJ ruling on Israel's Rafah offensive mean?". www.bbc.com.

Vanjski linkovi

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