Ohio's 6th Congressional District
Ohio's 6th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Michael Rulli (R).
As of the 2020 Census, Ohio representatives represented an average of 787,257 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 723,031 residents.
Elections
2024
Regular
See also: Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2024
Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2024 (March 19 Republican primary)
Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2024 (March 19 Democratic primary)
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Michael Rulli defeated Michael Kripchak in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Michael Rulli (R) | 63.6 | 140,951 |
 | Michael Kripchak (D)  | 36.4 | 80,730 | |
| Total votes: 221,681 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- William Farms (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Michael Kripchak defeated Rylan Finzer in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on March 19, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Michael Kripchak | 66.3 | 20,632 |
 | Rylan Finzer | 33.7 | 10,480 | |
| Total votes: 31,112 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Lou Lyras (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Michael Rulli defeated Reggie Stoltzfus and Rick Tsai in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on March 19, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Michael Rulli | 49.5 | 43,857 |
 | Reggie Stoltzfus | 40.7 | 36,033 | |
 | Rick Tsai | 9.8 | 8,641 | |
| Total votes: 88,531 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Kurt Hilderbrand (R)
Special
The special election filled the vacancy left by Bill Johnson (R), who resigned to take the position of president of Youngstown State University.[1]
General election
Special general election for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Michael Rulli defeated Michael Kripchak in the special general election for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on June 11, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Michael Rulli (R) | 54.6 | 32,747 |
| Michael Kripchak (D) | 45.3 | 27,173 | |
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.0 | 12 | ||
| Total votes: 59,932 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Special Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Michael Kripchak defeated Rylan Finzer in the special Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on March 19, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Michael Kripchak | 65.0 | 19,931 |
| Rylan Finzer | 35.0 | 10,731 | |
| Total votes: 30,662 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Special Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Michael Rulli defeated Reggie Stoltzfus and Rick Tsai in the special Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on March 19, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Michael Rulli | 49.1 | 43,155 |
| Reggie Stoltzfus | 40.6 | 35,684 | |
| Rick Tsai | 10.3 | 9,094 | |
| Total votes: 87,933 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2022
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Bill Johnson defeated Lou Lyras in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Bill Johnson (R) | 67.7 | 189,883 |
 | Lou Lyras (D) | 32.3 | 90,500 | |
| Total votes: 280,383 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Lou Lyras defeated Eric Jones and Martin Alexander in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on May 3, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Lou Lyras | 41.7 | 8,649 |
 | Eric Jones | 33.8 | 7,002 | |
 | Martin Alexander | 24.5 | 5,084 | |
| Total votes: 20,735 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Shawna Roberts (D) (Unofficially withdrew)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Bill Johnson defeated John Anderson, Michael Morgenstern, and Gregory Zelenitz in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on May 3, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bill Johnson | 77.3 | 57,292 |
 | John Anderson | 12.5 | 9,237 | |
 | Michael Morgenstern | 6.7 | 4,936 | |
 | Gregory Zelenitz | 3.6 | 2,634 | |
| Total votes: 74,099 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2020
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Bill Johnson defeated Shawna Roberts in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bill Johnson (R) | 74.4 | 249,130 |
 | Shawna Roberts (D) | 25.6 | 85,661 | |
| Total votes: 334,791 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Shawna Roberts advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on April 28, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Shawna Roberts | 100.0 | 30,628 |
| Total votes: 30,628 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Bill Johnson defeated Kenneth Morgan in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on April 28, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bill Johnson | 86.9 | 57,790 |
| Kenneth Morgan | 13.1 | 8,721 | |
| Total votes: 66,511 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Bill Johnson defeated Shawna Roberts in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bill Johnson (R) | 69.3 | 172,774 |
| Shawna Roberts (D) | 30.7 | 76,716 | |
| Total votes: 249,490 (100.00% precincts reporting) | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Shawna Roberts defeated Werner Lange in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Shawna Roberts | 74.5 | 22,024 |
 | Werner Lange | 25.5 | 7,534 | |
| Total votes: 29,558 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Richard Olivito (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6
Incumbent Bill Johnson defeated Robert Blazek in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 6 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Bill Johnson | 84.1 | 50,271 |
| Robert Blazek | 15.9 | 9,501 | |
| Total votes: 59,772 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Bill Johnson (R) defeated Michael Lorentz (D) in the general election. Both ran unopposed in their respective primaries.[2]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  Bill Johnson Incumbent |
70.7% | 213,975 | |
| Democratic | Michael Lorentz | 29.3% | 88,780 | |
| Total Votes | 302,755 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
2014
The 6th Congressional District of Ohio held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Bill Johnson (R) defeated Jennifer Garrison (D) and Dennis Lambert (Green) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Bill Johnson Incumbent |
58.2% | 111,026 | |
| Democratic | Jennifer Garrison | 38.6% | 73,561 | |
| Green | Dennis Lambert | 3.2% | 6,065 | |
| Total Votes | 190,652 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
2012
The 6th Congressional District of Ohio held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Bill Johnson won re-election in the district.[3]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Charlie Wilson | 46.7% | 144,444 | |
| Republican | Bill Johnson Incumbent |
53.3% | 164,536 | |
| Total Votes | 308,980 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" | ||||
2010
On November 2, 2010, Bill Johnson won election to the United States House. He defeated Charles Wilson (D), Martin Elsass (L), and Richard Cadle (Constitution) in the general election.[4]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 6 General Election, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Bill Johnson |
50.2% | 103,170 | |
| Democrat | Charles A. Wilson | 45.2% | 92,823 | |
| Libertarian | Martin J. Elsass | 2.2% | 4,505 | |
| Constitution | Richard E. Cadle | 2.5% | 5,077 | |
| Total Votes | 205,575 | |||
2008
On November 4, 2008, Charles A. Wilson won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Richard D. Stobbs (R) and Dennis Spissak (G) in the general election.[5]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 6 General Election, 2008 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Charles A. Wilson incumbent |
62.3% | 176,330 | |
| Republican | Richard D. Stobbs | 32.8% | 92,968 | |
| Green | Dennis Spassak | 4.9% | 13,812 | |
| Total Votes | 283,110 | |||
2006
On November 7, 2006, Charles A. Wilson won election to the United States House. He defeated Chuck Blasdel (R) in the general election.[6]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 6 General Election, 2006 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Charles A. Wilson |
62.1% | 135,628 | |
| Republican | Chuck Blasdel | 37.9% | 82,848 | |
| Total Votes | 218,476 | |||
2004
On November 2, 2004, Ted Strickland won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Stephen Luchansky (Write-in) in the general election.[7]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 6 General Election, 2004 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Ted Strickland incumbent |
99.9% | 223,842 | |
| Write-in | John Stephen Luchansky | 0.1% | 145 | |
| Total Votes | 223,987 | |||
2002
On November 5, 2002, Ted Strickland won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mike Halleck (R) in the general election.[8]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 6 General Election, 2002 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Ted Strickland incumbent |
59.5% | 113,972 | |
| Republican | Mike Halleck | 40.5% | 77,643 | |
| Total Votes | 191,615 | |||
2000
On November 7, 2000, Ted Strickland won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mike Azinger (R) and Kenneth R. MacCutcheon (L) in the general election.[9]
| U.S. House, Ohio District 6 General Election, 2000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | Ted Strickland incumbent |
57.7% | 138,849 | |
| Republican | Mike Azinger | 40.3% | 96,966 | |
| Libertarian | Kenneth R. MacCutcheon | 2% | 4,759 | |
| Total Votes | 240,574 | |||
District map
Redistricting
2020-2021
Governor Mike DeWine (R) signed a new congressional map into law on November 20, 2021.[10] The Ohio State Senate voted 24-7 to approve the map on November 16.[11] The Ohio House of Representatives voted 55-36 to approve the map on November 18.[12]
On January 14, 2022, the Ohio Supreme Court struck down the state's enacted congressional map and ordered the Ohio State Legislature to redraw it.[13] On February 9, 2022, legislative leaders said they would not draw a new map, meaning the Ohio Redistricting Commission assumed responsibility for drawing the map.[14]
On September 7, 2023, the Ohio Supreme Court dismissed a lawsuit challenging the state's congressional district boundaries after the petitioners who filed the original lawsuit requested that the court dismiss the case and leave the boundaries in place for the 2024 election.[15]The U.S. Supreme Court had vacated a 2022 state supreme court decision that had overturned the state's 2022 congressional district boundaries[16] Since the congressional district boundaries that the state's redistricting commission adopted in March 2022 and which were used in the 2022 elections did not have support from members of the minority party, they were in effect for only two U.S. House elections with the commission required to enact a new map after the 2024 elections.
On March 2, 2022, the Ohio Redistricting Commission approved a redrawn congressional map in a 5-2 vote along party lines, meaning the map lasted for four years.[17] On March 18, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction to overturn the map before the state's primary elections as part of the legal challenge that overturned the initial congressional map.[18] This map took effect for Ohio's 2022 congressional elections.
How does redistricting in Ohio work?
Congressional redistricting procedures in Ohio
On May 8, 2018, voters in Ohio approved a constitutional amendment establishing new procedures for congressional redistricting. Beginning with the 2020 redistricting cycle, the following provisions were set to take effect:[19][20]
- Following completion of the United States Census, state legislators can adopt a new congressional district map if three-fifths of the legislature's total membership vote to approve, including one-half of the minority party members. This map would apply for 10 years.
- If the legislature proves unable to adopt a new map, a commission will be formed to adopt a map. That commission will include the governor, state auditor, secretary of state, and four legislators, two of whom must come from the legislature's minority party. A majority of the commission's members, including two members belonging to the minority party, must agree on a map. The map would apply for 10 years.
- If the commission proves unable to adopt a map, state legislators will be given a second chance to adopt a map. The map would have to be approved by three-fifths of the legislature's total membership, including one-third of the minority party's members. The map would apply for 10 years.
- If the legislature fails a second time, the majority party of the legislature, without support from the minority party, can adopt a map that would apply for four years.
Maps drawn by the legislature can be vetoed by the governor or a veto referendum campaign. The amendment stipulates that 65 of Ohio's counties cannot be split during redistricting (18 can be split once, and the state's five most populous counties can be split twice).[19][20]
State legislative redistricting procedures in Ohio
On November 3, 2015, voters in Ohio approved a constitutional amendment to create a bipartisan state legislative redistricting commission. The commission comprises seven members: the governor, state auditor, secretary of state, one person appointed by the speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, one person appointed by the House leader of the largest political party of which the speaker is not a member, one person appointed by the President of the Ohio State Senate, and one person appointed by the Senate leader of the largest political party of which the president is not a member.[21][22]
Maps drawn by the commission are valid for 10 years if at least two commissioners from each major political party vote for them. Should the maps be passed along strictly partisan lines, the maps are valid for four years.[21][22]
A six-member advisory commission is also involved in the congressional and state legislative redistricting processes. The majority leaders of the Ohio House of Representatives and the Ohio State Senate each appoint three members, "at least one of whom must be from a different party, and at least one of whom must not be a legislator."[23]
All legislative districts are required to be compact and made of "contiguous territory." Also, the "boundary of each district [must] be a single nonintersecting continuous line." The amendment forbids district plans from favoring or disfavoring either political party.[21][22]
Ohio District 6
until January 2, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Ohio District 6
starting January 3, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
2010-2011
The Ohio State Legislature approved a new map of the congressional districts based on updated population information from the 2010 census.[24]
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
2024
Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+16. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Ohio's 6th the 73rd most Republican district nationally.[25]
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 63.7%-35.0%.[26]
2022
Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+16. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Ohio's 6th the 76th most Republican district nationally.[27]
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 35.0% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 63.7%.[28]
2018
Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+16. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 16 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Ohio's 6th Congressional District the 76th most Republican nationally.[29]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.07. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.07 points toward that party.[30]
See also
- Redistricting in Ohio
- Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2024
- Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2022
- Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2020
- Ohio's 6th Congressional District election, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ The Hill, "House GOP majority to shrink to 2 with Ohio lawmaker’s early resignation," January 2, 2024
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Ohio 2016 March Primary Candidate List," accessed March 11, 2016
- ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Ohio," accessed November 11, 2012
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ The Columbus Dispatch, "Gov. DeWine approves congressional map over objections of voting rights groups, Democrats," November 20, 2021
- ↑ The Columbus Dispatch, "Democrats won't support Republican-drawn Ohio congressional districts, limiting map to four years," November 16, 2021
- ↑ WHIO, "Ohio Congressional map heads to Governor; Clark County would be divided," November 19, 2021
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedcnocon - ↑ WKSU, "Legislative leaders send Congressional mapmaking back to Ohio Redistricting Commission," February 9, 2022
- ↑ Neiman, et al v. LaRose, et al," September 5, 2023
- ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, "Order List (6/30/2023)," accessed September 8, 2023
- ↑ Dayton Daily News, "Ohio Redistricting Commission approves new U.S. House map on another party-line vote," March 2, 2022
- ↑ 13ABC, "Ohio Supreme Court makes final judgement on Congressional map challenges," March 18, 2022
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Cincinnati.com, "Everyone complains about congressional gerrymandering. Ohio just did something about it." February 6, 2018
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 The Ohio Legislature, "Senate Joint Resolution 5," accessed February 6, 2018
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Ohio Secretary of State, "House Joint Resolution Number 12," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Ohio Legislative Service Commission, "HJR 12 Final Analysis ," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ All About Redistricting, "Ohio," accessed May 8, 2015
- ↑ Washington Times, "Ohio redistricting sets up battles of incumbents," accessed December 21, 2011
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
