Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, Tennessee
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools |
|---|
 |
| Davidson County, Tennessee |
| District details |
| Superintendent: Adrienne Battle |
| # of school board members: 9 |
| Website: Link |
Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools is a school district in Tennessee.
Click on the links below to learn more about the school district's...
- Superintendent
- School board
- Elections
- Budget
- Teacher salaries
- Academic performance
- Students
- Staff
- Schools
- Contact information
Superintendent
 |
This information is updated as we become aware of changes. Please contact us with any updates. |
In Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, the appointed leader of the school district has the title of director of schools instead of superintendent. Adrienne Battle is the director of schools of Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools. Battle began serving as interim director in April 2019 and was appointed full director on March 13, 2020. Battle's previous career experience includes working as one of the district's community superintendents and as an adjunct faculty member at the University of Phoenix and Tennessee State University.[1]
Past superintendents
- Shawn Joseph was the director of schools of Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools from 2016 to 2019.[2] Joseph's previous career experience included working as the deputy superintendent of Prince George's County Public Schools.[3]
- Chris Henson was the interim director of schools of Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools from 2015 to 2016. Henson's previous career experience included working as the district's chief financial officer.[4][5]
School board
The Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board consists of nine members elected by district to four-year terms.[6]
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| Office | Name | Date assumed office |
|---|---|---|
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 1 | Robert Taylor | September 1, 2024 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 2 | Rachael Elrod | 2018 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 3 | Zach Young | September 1, 2024 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 4 | Berthena Nabaa-McKinney | September 1, 2022 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 5 | TK Fayne | September 1, 2024 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 6 | Cheryl Mayes | September 1, 2022 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 7 | Freda Player | 2019 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 8 | Erin O'Hara Block | September 1, 2022 |
| Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board, District 9 | Abigail Tylor | August 27, 2020 |
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This officeholder information was last updated on May 14, 2024. Please contact us with any updates. | |
Elections
Members of the Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board are elected to four-year terms. Four or five seats are up for election on a staggered basis every even-numbered year in August.
Five seats on the board were up for general election on August 1, 2024. A primary was scheduled for March 5, 2024.
Join the conversation about school board politics
Public participation in board meetings
The Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools school board maintains the following policy on public testimony during board meetings:[7]
District map
Budget
The following statistics were published by the National Center for Education Statistics, which is a part of the U.S. Department of Education.[8]
| SOURCE | AMOUNT | AMOUNT PER STUDENT | PERCENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal: | $199,767,000 | $2,482 | 13% |
| Local: | $889,203,000 | $11,047 | 59% |
| State: | $419,665,000 | $5,214 | 28% |
| Total: | $1,508,635,000 | $18,742 |
| TYPE | AMOUNT | AMOUNT PER STUDENT | PERCENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Expenditures: | $1,215,256,000 | $15,097 | |
| Total Current Expenditures: | $1,096,646,000 | $13,623 | |
| Instructional Expenditures: | $591,801,000 | $7,352 | 49% |
| Student and Staff Support: | $192,611,000 | $2,392 | 16% |
| Administration: | $156,869,000 | $1,948 | 13% |
| Operations, Food Service, Other: | $155,365,000 | $1,930 | 13% |
| Total Capital Outlay: | $73,807,000 | $916 | |
| Construction: | $31,893,000 | $396 | |
| Total Non El-Sec Education & Other: | $1,951,000 | $24 | |
| Interest on Debt: | $41,613,000 | $516 |
Teacher salaries
The following salary information was pulled from the district's teacher salary schedule. A salary schedule is a list of expected compensations based on variables such as position, years employed, and education level. It may not reflect actual teacher salaries in the district.
| Year | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| 2023-2024[9] | $50,046.71 | $89,021.38 |
| 2020-2021[10] | $45,965 | $80,630 |
| 2018-2019[11] | $43,363 | $76,066 |
Academic performance
Each year, state and local education agencies use tests and other standards to assess student proficiency. Although the data below was published by the U.S. Department of Education, proficiency measurements are established by the states. As a result, proficiency levels are not comparable between different states and year-over-year proficiency levels within a district may not be comparable because states may change their proficiency measurements.[12]
The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) | Two or More Races (%) | White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-2021 | 12 | 28 | 6 | 7 | 15-19 | 27 | |
| 2018-2019 | 29 | 46 | 19 | 24 | 25-29 | 45 | |
| 2017-2018 | 24 | 41 | 15 | 20 | 20-24 | 39 | |
| 2016-2017 | 27 | 45 | 18 | 22 | 15-19 | 41 | |
| 2015-2016 | 19 | <50 | 19 | 15-19 | 20-24 | ||
| 2014-2015 | 48 | 65 | 39 | 46 | 40-49 | 60 | |
| 2013-2014 | 43 | 61 | 35 | 41 | 30-39 | 56 | |
| 2012-2013 | 43 | 63 | 34 | 40 | 40-44 | 57 | |
| 2011-2012 | 40 | 59 | 31 | 35 | 40-44 | 55 | |
| 2010-2011 | 33 | 52 | 24 | 28 | 48 |
The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) | Two or More Races (%) | White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-2021 | 19 | 34 | 12 | 12 | 30-34 | 37 | |
| 2018-2019 | 26 | 41 | 18 | 19 | 30-34 | 44 | |
| 2017-2018 | 26 | 40 | 18 | 19 | 30-34 | 44 | |
| 2016-2017 | 26 | 41 | 19 | 18 | 25-29 | 41 | |
| 2015-2016 | 27 | 40-44 | 19 | 22 | >=50 | 41 | |
| 2014-2015 | 41 | 55 | 33 | 34 | 65-69 | 57 | |
| 2013-2014 | 43 | 56 | 34 | 35 | 40-49 | 59 | |
| 2012-2013 | 41 | 55 | 32 | 33 | 45-49 | 56 | |
| 2011-2012 | 44 | 56 | 35 | 33 | 50-54 | 61 | |
| 2010-2011 | 41 | 55 | 31 | 30 | 58 |
The following table shows the graduation rate of district students each school year:
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) | Two or More Races (%) | White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-2020 | 82 | 90-94 | 84 | 73 | PS | 87 | |
| 2018-2019 | 82 | 90-94 | 83 | 76 | >=50 | 86 | |
| 2017-2018 | 80 | 90-94 | 82 | 73 | >=50 | 82 | |
| 2016-2017 | 80 | 85-89 | 82 | 74 | <50 | 81 | |
| 2015-2016 | 81 | 85-89 | 82 | 75 | >=50 | 82 | |
| 2014-2015 | 82 | 85-89 | 81 | 79 | >=50 | 82 | |
| 2013-2014 | 79 | 85-89 | 78 | 73 | >=50 | 81 | |
| 2012-2013 | 77 | 80-84 | 76 | 72 | >=50 | 79 | |
| 2011-2012 | 78 | 85-89 | 78 | 72 | >=50 | 81 | |
| 2010-2011 | 76 | 90-94 | 77 | 66 | >=50 | 77 |
Students
| Year | Enrollment | Year-to-year change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-2023 | 80,651 | 0.3 |
| 2021-2022 | 80,381 | -0.1 |
| 2020-2021 | 80,494 | -6.3 |
| 2019-2020 | 85,588 | 1.1 |
| 2018-2019 | 84,667 | -0.1 |
| 2017-2018 | 84,728 | -0.5 |
| 2016-2017 | 85,163 | -0.5 |
| 2015-2016 | 85,598 | 1.8 |
| 2014-2015 | 84,069 | 1.5 |
| 2013-2014 | 82,806 | 2.0 |
| 2012-2013 | 81,134 | 0.9 |
| 2011-2012 | 80,393 | 2.0 |
| 2010-2011 | 78,782 | 4.7 |
| 2009-2010 | 75,080 | 1.0 |
| 2008-2009 | 74,312 | 0.8 |
| 2007-2008 | 73,715 | 0.0 |
| 2006-2007 | 73,731 | 1.4 |
| 2005-2006 | 72,713 | -0.1 |
| 2004-2005 | 72,807 | 5.7 |
| 2003-2004 | 68,651 | 1.0 |
| 2002-2003 | 67,954 | 0.4 |
| 2001-2002 | 67,689 | 0.0 |
| 2000-2001 | 67,669 | -3.7 |
| 1999-2000 | 70,176 | 0.0 |
| RACE | Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools (%) | Tennessee K-12 STUDENTS (%) |
|---|---|---|
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.4 | 2.0 |
| Black | 36.6 | 20.7 |
| Hispanic | 32.0 | 13.9 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Two or More Races | 3.3 | 4.5 |
| White | 24.5 | 58.7 |
Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.
Staff
As of the 2022-2023 school year, Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools had 4,975.46 full-time classroom teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 16.21.
| TYPE | NUMBER OF TEACHERS |
|---|---|
| Prekindergarten: | 162.50 |
| Kindergarten: | 350.33 |
| Elementary: | 3,007.41 |
| Secondary: | 1,455.22 |
| Total: | 4,975.46 |
Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools employed 4.00 district administrators and 379.00 school administrators as of the 2022-2023 school year.
| TYPE | NUMBER OF ADMINISTRATORS |
|---|---|
| District Administrators: | 4.00 |
| District Administrative Support: | 161.00 |
| School Administrators: | 379.00 |
| School Administrative Support: | 16.00 |
| TYPE | NUMBER OF OTHER STAFF |
|---|---|
| Instructional Aides: | 191.00 |
| Instruc. Coordinators & Supervisors: | 760.73 |
| Total Guidance Counselors: | 224.50 |
| Elementary Guidance Counselors: | 0.00 |
| Secondary Guidance Counselors: | 0.00 |
| Librarians/Media Specialists: | 121.50 |
| Library/Media Support: | 0.00 |
| Student Support Services: | 93.00 |
| Other Support Services: | 160.00 |
Schools
Noteworthy events
2020: Recall effort
An effort to recall Gini Pupo-Walker from her position as the District 8 representative on the Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools Board of Education in Tennessee did not go to a vote in 2020.[13]
The effort started after the district released a plan to keep all students in virtual learning until at least October 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[14]
Recall supporters said they were seeking to recall Pupo-Walker due to her support of continuing standardized testing this year and “dereliction of duty.”[15] Pupo-Walker said she was trying to keep up with questions from parents and community members and said she had no regrets.[14]
Pupo-Walker was elected to a four-year term on the nine-member board in 2018. She defeated one other candidate with 62.6% of the vote on August 2, 2018.[16]
2017: District announces new leadership structure
Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools announced a new leadership structure for its schools in February 2017. Rather than having separate directors for its elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools, the district switched to a structure with directors overseeing entire schools in specific geographic zones. A news release by the district said the new leadership structure followed a call for more community support for schools.[17] The district hired four directors to lead the four school zones in April 2017.[17]
2016: Board votes to sue the state over education funding
The Metropolitan Nashville Board of Education approved a lawsuit against the state of Tennessee over public education funding on June 14, 2016. Six members voted in favor of the lawsuit. Two board members—Elissa Kim and Mary Pierce—abstained from the vote, and member Jo Ann Brannon was absent from the meeting.[18] The lawsuit was filed on September 1, 2016, but it was denied by Chancery Court Judge Ellen Hobbs Lyle on September 22, 2016. Lyle said the lawsuit was not actionable as previous cases against the state over education funding had not requested immediate funds as the Nashville lawsuit did.[19][20]
The lawsuit sought additional education funding for the district, specifically for teaching English as a second language. Jon Cooper, director of the Metropolitan Nashville Department of Law, asked the state in a letter why the school district had received less money for English language learners for the 2016-2017 school year. Maryanne Durski, local finance office director for the Tennessee Department of Education, responded to Cooper's letter on June 3, 2016. She said that "the funding allocation through the fiscal year general appropriations act provided adequate funds," according to the The Tennesseean.[18]
Board Vice Chairwoman Anna Shepherd and fellow board member Will Pinkston, who previously advocated for suing the state, expressed frustration at the letter. "This is state law, and they are just being flippant about it," said Shepherd. "And I don't think this is a flippant topic."[18]
"The idea that these schools — which literally sit in the shadow of the state Capitol — are getting intentionally short-shrifted by the state is frankly maddening," said Pinkston. "Local taxpayers are doing our part, and the state Department of Education sends us a blow-off letter."[18]
In August 2016, over 30 members of the Nashville City Council signed a letter supporting the district's lawsuit. The letter urged the district to resist the state's urging to withdraw the lawsuit.[21]
The Metropolitan Nashville school district was not the only district to sue the state over education funding. Two other large urban school districts—Shelby County Schools and the Hamilton County School District—sued the state in 2015.[18] Hamilton County, along with six surrounding county school districts, filed a lawsuit against the state that stated it had not provided sufficient funding for schools. Shelby County's lawsuit said that the state's lack of funding had disproportionately hurt the district's poorer students and that the state's funding model failed "to take into account the actual costs of funding an education." Hamilton County's lawsuit was denied class-action status in 2016, but a judge also ruled against the state's motion to dismiss it.[22][23]
The state did not respond to Shelby County's lawsuit until July 2016, when officials submitted a 25-page response that denied that the state's funding model was the cause of the school district's financial problems. The response also detailed that the funding model met the state's responsibilities to maintain a public school system “that affords substantially equal educational opportunities to all students in Tennessee."[23]
Pinkston said about the lawsuits in other Tennessee school districts that, "Hamilton County and the other area districts showed tremendous courage by doing what they did and when they did it and it emboldened other school districts to follow along." He also said that he expected the three lawsuits, and any additional lawsuits filed by other districts, to be rolled into one. Between 1980 and 2016, the state had lost three education funding lawsuits.[22]
At issue in the three lawsuits was the state's funding formula, known as the Basic Education Program (BEP). Metropolitan Nashville, Shelby County, and Hamilton County said they did not receive the funding due to them under BEP. The 2016 budget that was signed into law by Tennessee Gov. Bill Haslam (R) marked the second year for "substantial increases" to the state's public education funding, according to The Tennesseean. It added $261 million to the Basic Education Program, $104.6 million of which was dedicated to raising teacher salaries.[18] What the budget did not do, however, was set up BEP 2.0, a program that changed the funding formula to help larger school districts.[22]
Haslam said he was disappointed that the Metropolitan Nashville Board of Education had approved the lawsuit. He said the state had added $14 million in funding for English language learners and that Metropolitan Nashville received the largest share of that funding. Tennessee Commissioner of Education Candice McQueen said the district's "use of taxpayer dollars to sue the state only serves to remove funds from classrooms and the very students the district is attempting to help."[22]
Board votes to join Shelby County's lawsuit against state
The Metropolitan Nashville Board of Education voted 7-0 on October 17, 2017, to join a lawsuit filed by Shelby County Schools against the state of Tennessee over education funding. Two members were absent from the vote.[24]
Shelby County first filed its lawsuit against the state in August 2015. It said that the state had not adequately funded its schools and had hurt the district's most vulnerable students as a result, according to The Tennesseean.[24] Shelby County said it did not receive the funding it was due under the state's funding formula, known as the Basic Education Program (BEP). Since Shelby County's lawsuit was filed, the state did increase the state's public education funding, but it did not change the funding formula.[25][26]
In September 2018, Davidson County Chancellor Claudia Bonnyman, appointed by Gov. Phil Bredesen in 2003, upheld a previous decision denying the state's motion to dismiss the lawsuit.[27] In January 2019, the Tennessee Court of Appeals refused a motion to dismiss the case, which had since been reassigned to Davidson County Chancellor Ellen Hobbs Lyle.[28] The trial began on October 18, 2021.[29]
2016: Board appoints district's first African American superintendent
The Metropolitan Nashville Board of Education unanimously appointed Shawn Joseph as the district's next superintendent in May 2016. Joseph became the first African American to lead the district when he assumed the position on July 1, 2016. Before accepting the role, Joseph served as the deputy superintendent of Prince George's County Public Schools in Maryland.[3]
Joseph was chosen by the board out of a final slate of three candidates, all of whom were minorities. “It says a lot about where Nashville is and how far we have come, not only in being able to do things in how we worked out the process, but also in being able to recognize talent is talent,” said Board Chairwoman Sharon Dixon Gentry. “The fact is we didn’t shy away from a slate that had three minorities.”[3]
Board member Will Pinkston said, “The most important thing is he is the right person, at the right time — imminently qualified — and he brings what we need to move the system forward.” Board member Mary Pierce said she was excited about the board's choice. "I think this is exactly where we need to go," said Pierce.[3]
The appointment came nearly a year after former Superintendent Jesse Register retired in June 2015. Register served as superintendent for nearly seven years. Chris Henson, the district's financial officer, served as interim superintendent after Register's retirement.[30] Joseph signed a four-year contract for the position with an annual pay of $285,000.[3]
2016: State's Achievement School District halts school takeovers for one year
Following the cancellation of the state's TNReady tests, officials of the state's Achievement School District (ASD) announced that they would not seek to take over any additional schools for the 2017-2018 school year. Education Commissioner Candice McQueen announced in a statement on April 15, 2016, that, "Extending flexibility to priority schools during this transition mirrors the flexibility we have offered to teachers and students."[31]
The ASD is a statewide school district designed to take control of struggling schools. The schools are assigned to charter school networks and taken out of the control of the county school district. According to its website, the ASD "was created to catapult the bottom 5% of schools in Tennessee straight to the top 25% in the state." The ASD opened its first school in 2012. As of the 2015-2016 school year, the ASD operated 29 schools.[31][32]
Board member Will Pinkston voiced his support of the ASD's temporary moratorium. “It’s a positive first step toward a series of course corrections that need to happen with the Achievement School District. I’m glad the state is listening,” said Pinkston.[31]
Interim Superintendent Chris Henson said, “given that this is a new test, it is appropriate to give districts the leeway to decide how to use the results for their own accountability purposes. Knowing that the TDOE will also do the same as it applies to the Achievement School District is encouraging.”[31]
2016: Testing suspended in wake of state terminating TNReady contract
After the Tennessee Department of Education terminated the contract with the provider of the state's new TNReady test assessments on April 27, 2016, Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools halted its assessments for students in grades three through eight. Education Commissioner Candice McQueen said that the contract was terminated with North Carolina-based Measurement Inc. after it failed to deliver all of the testing materials.[33][34]
McQueen called Measurement Inc.'s performance "deeply disappointing" after months of delivery delays and a failure to roll out the assessment online in February 2016. "We’ve exhausted every option in problem solving with this vendor to assist them in getting these tests delivered. Districts have exceeded their responsibility and obligation to wait for grade 3-8 materials, and we will not ask districts to continue waiting on a vendor that has repeatedly failed us," said McQueen.[35]
Measurement Inc. President Henry Scherich said the contract termination was a disappointment. "It has been a very difficult job, and we were within a couple days or so of having all the tests in the state," said Scherich.[34]
Scherich said that the company had been put in a "difficult, and even impossible, situation" after they were required to switch to a paper test in response to the failed online assessment, according to Chalkbeat Tennessee. McQueen said the state's contract had included provisions for paper tests in the case of technical difficulties.[35] As of the termination, the state had paid $1.6 million toward the $108 million contract.[34]
The state decided to continue testing high school students, as those materials had been received, but it suspended the tests for younger students. School districts that received the needed materials for testing younger grades were allowed to choose between continuing the assessments or suspending them.[33][35]
Due to the suspension, accountability measures related to test scores, such as teacher evaluations, were also delayed for one year. Tennessee Gov. Bill Haslam (R) said that despite the delay, the state was still moving forward.[35]
| “ | The failure of the testing vendor to deliver the tests and meet its own obligations does not take away from the fact that Tennessee has created our own, higher standards, we have an improved assessment fully aligned with those standards, and we remain committed going forward to measuring student performance fairly and ensuring accountability for those results.[36] | ” |
| —Gov. Bill Haslam (R)[35] | ||
Contact information
Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools
2601 Bransford Ave.
Nashville, TN 37204
Phone: 615-259-4636
About school boards
Education legislation in Tennessee
Bills are monitored by BillTrack50 and sorted by action history.
See also
| Tennessee | School Board Elections | News and Analysis |
|---|---|---|
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External links
- Search Google News for this topic
- Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools
- Tennessee Department of Education
- Tennessee School Boards Association
Footnotes
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "Dr. Adrienne Battle, Director of Schools," accessed May 10, 2021
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Nashville school board reaches exit deal with Shawn Joseph, bringing his tenure to an end," April 9, 2019
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 The Tennessean, "Shawn Joseph is Nashville's new schools chief," May 13, 2016
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "Director of Schools," accessed July 28, 2015 (dead link)
- ↑ WKRN, "Metro Schools swaps interim director effective Wednesday," June 30, 2015
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "School Board Districts," accessed July 28, 2015
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "Public Participation," accessed December 7, 2023
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Elementary/Secondary Information System," accessed June 17, 2024
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "CERTIFICATED Salary Schedule," accessed February 5, 2024
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "2020-2021 Salary and Work Schedules," accessed May 10, 2021
- ↑ Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, "2018-2019 Salary and Work Schedules," accessed May 10, 2021
- ↑ U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, "State Assessments in Reading/Language Arts and Mathematics- School Year 2018-19 EDFacts Data Documentation," accessed February 25, 2021
- ↑ Abbey Smith, “Email communication with Elizabeth Waites, Nashville Metropolitan Clerk," December 17, 2020
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Tennessee Lookout, "Recall effort launched against school board member Pupo-Walker," September 4, 2020
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Metro Schools have 'failed' Nashville's kids in face of COVID-19 crisis: MNPS board member," September 14, 2020
- ↑ Nashville Post, "Winners from school board races," August 3, 2018
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 The Tennessean, "Nashville schools announces leaders to head community superintendent posts," April 27, 2017
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 The Tennessean, "Nashville schools to sue state for education funding," June 15, 2016
- ↑ Nashville Scene, "Metro Files Education Funding Lawsuit Against State," September 2, 2016
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Judge denies Nashville schools education funding complaint," September 23, 2016
- ↑ Nashville Patch, "Metro Council Backs School Board's Suit Against State," August 30, 2016
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Chattanooga Times Free Press, "More lawsuits expected as frustration grows over Tennessee education funding," June 21, 2016
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Chalkbeat Tennessee, "Tennessee affirms its school funding formula in response to lawsuit over Memphis schools," July 11, 2016
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 The Tennessean, "Nashville schools board votes to join Shelby County Schools in lawsuit against state," October 17, 2017
- ↑ Chattanooga Times Free Press, "More lawsuits expected as frustration grows over Tennessee education funding," June 21, 2016
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Nashville schools to sue state for education funding," June 15, 2016
- ↑ Chalkbeat Tennessee, "After three years, the fight to spend more money on Tennessee schools inches toward trial," September 25, 2018
- ↑ Chalkbeat Tennessee, "Haslam’s last-ditch effort to kill school funding lawsuit falls short in Tennessee," January 3, 2019
- ↑ Commercial Appeal, "Judge sets trial date for Tennessee's 5-year-old school funding lawsuit," July 16, 2020
- ↑ The News, "Nashville school board begins search for a new leader," February 24, 2016
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Chalkbeat Tennessee, "Citing TNReady transition, Tennessee’s school turnaround district to halt takeovers for one year," April 15, 2016
- ↑ Achievement School District, "About us," accessed June 10, 2016
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 WATE.com, "Tennessee Department of Education terminates TNReady testing contract," April 27, 2016
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 The Tennessean, "Tennessee terminates contract with TNReady test company," April 27, 2016
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 Chalkbeat Tennessee, "Tennessee fires TNReady testmaker, suspends tests for grades 3-8," April 27, 2016
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
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