Famous poet /1853-1895  •  Ranked #51 in the top 500 poets

Jose Marti

José Martí was a Cuban poet, essayist, journalist, revolutionary philosopher, translator, professor, and publisher. He is considered a national hero of Cuba and an important figure in Latin American literature. His work is still read and studied in Cuba and throughout Latin America today, where he is admired for his passionate defense of Cuban independence, social justice, and equality.

Martí's poetry is characterized by its musicality and use of vivid imagery. He often wrote about themes of love, freedom, and the beauty of the natural world. His work reflects the literary currents of Romanticism and Modernism, which were popular in Europe and Latin America during his lifetime. Martí's poetry is also notable for its exploration of Cuban identity and his call for social and political change.

Some other poets of the period who shared similar styles include Walt Whitman, Ruben Dario, and Jose Asuncion Silva. Martí's political and social writings were influenced by the ideas of Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Martí's writing was also influenced by his travels throughout the Americas and Europe. His exposure to different cultures and societies helped to shape his worldview and his belief in the importance of cultural exchange.

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La Niña de Guatemala (Verso IX)

The Girl from Guatemala (Verse IX)

I want, in the shadow of a wing,
tell this tale in bloom:
the girl from Guatemala,
the one who died of love.

The bouquets were of lilies;
and the borders of reseda
and jasmine; we buried her
in a silk box;

She gave the forgetful
a scent pad;
he came back, he came back married;
she died of love.

They were carrying her on a stretcher
bishops and ambassadors;
behind was the people in batches,
all laden with flowers;

She, to see him again,
he went out to see him at the lookout;
he came back with his wife,
she died of love.

Like burning bronze,
to the goodbye kiss,
it was his forehead - the forehead
What have I loved the most in my life?

He entered the river in the afternoon,
the doctor took her out dead;
They say he died of cold
I know that he died of love.

There, in the frozen vault,
They put her on two benches:
I kissed her sharp hand,
I kissed her white shoes.

silent, at dusk,
the undertaker called me;
I have never seen again
the one who died of love.

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Analysis (ai): "La Niña de Guatemala" by José Martí captures the haunting story of a young woman who dies of unrequited love. The poem is characterized by its simplicity and brevity, yet it packs an emotional punch.

The poem's structure adds to its impact. Each stanza focuses on a different aspect of the woman's story, building up to the tragic climax of her death. The repetitive refrain, "ella se murió de amor," emphasizes the relentless nature of her pain.

Stylistically, the poem employs simple language and concrete imagery. The use of flowers and a coffin evokes the fragility and beauty of the young woman's life. The comparison of her forehead to "bronce candente" conveys the intensity of her emotions.

Compared to Martí's other works, "La Niña de Guatemala" differs in its brevity and focus on a specific personal experience. During the time period it was written, the poem reflected the romanticism and sentimentalism that were prevalent in Spanish-American literature. (hide)
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A Sincere Man Am I (Verse I)

A sincere man am I
From the land where palm trees grow,
And I want before I die
My soul's verses to bestow.

I'm a traveller to all parts,
And a newcomer to none:
I am art among the arts,
With the mountains I am one.

I know how to name and class
All the strange flowers that grow;
I know every blade of grass,
Fatal lie and sublime woe.

I have seen through dead of night
Upon my head softly fall,
Rays formed of the purest light
From beauty celestial.

I have seen wings that were surging
From beautiful women's shoulders,
And seen butterflies emerging
From the refuse heap that moulders.

I have known a man to live
With a dagger at his side,
And never once the name give
Of she by whose hand he died.

Twice, for an instant, did I
My soul's reflection espy:
Twice: when my poor father died
And when she bade me good-bye.

I trembled once, when I flung
The vineyard gate, and to my dread,
The wicked hornet had stung
My little girl on the forehead.

I rejoiced once and felt lucky
The day that my jailer came
To read the death warrant to me
That bore his tears and my name.

I hear a sigh across the earth,
I hear a sigh over the deep:
It is no sign reaching my hearth,
But my son waking from sleep.

If they say I have obtained
The pick of the jeweller's trove,
A good friend is what I've gained
And I have put aside love.

I have seen across the skies
A wounded eagle still flying;
I know the cubby where lies
The snake of its venom dying.

I know that the world is weak
And must soon fall to the ground,
Then the gentle brook will speak
Above the quiet profound.

While trembling with joy and dread,
I have touched with hand so bold
A once-bright star that fell dead
From heaven at my threshold.

On my brave heart is engraved
The sorrow hidden from all eyes:
The son of a land enslaved,
Lives for it, suffers and dies.

All is beautiful and right,
All is as music and reason;
And all, like diamonds, is light
That was coal before its season.

I know when fools are laid to rest
Honor and tears will abound,
And that of all fruits, the best
Is left to rot in holy ground.

Without a word, the pompous muse
I've set aside, and understood:
From a withered branch, I choose
To hang my doctoral hood.




YO SOY UN HOMBRE SINCERO... (Verso I)

Yo soy un hombre sincero
De donde crece la palma,
Y antes de morirme quiero
Echar mis versos del alma.

Yo vengo de todas partes,
Y hacia todas partes voy:
Arte soy entre las artes,
En los montes, monte soy.

Yo sé los nombres extraños
De las yerbas y las flores,
Y de mortales engaños,
Y de sublimes dolores.

Yo he visto en la noche oscura
Llover sobre mi cabeza
Los rayos de lumbre pura
De la divina belleza.

Alas nacer vi en los hombros
De las mujeres hermosas:
Y salir de los escombros,
Volando las mariposas.

He visto vivir a un hombre
Con el puñal al costado,
Sin decir jamás el nombre
De aquella que lo ha matado.

Rápida, como un reflejo,
Dos veces vi el alma, dos:
Cuando murió el pobre viejo,
Cuando ella me dijo adiós.

Temblé una vez —en la reja,
A la entrada de la viña,—
Cuando la bárbara abeja
Picó en la frente a mi niña.

Gocé una vez, de tal suerte
Que gocé cual nunca:—cuando
La sentencia de mi muerte
Leyó el alcalde llorando.

Oigo un suspiro, a través
De las tierras y la mar,
Y no es un suspiro,—es
Que mi hijo va a despertar.

Si dicen que del joyero
Tome la joya mejor,
Tomo a un amigo sincero
Y pongo a un lado el amor.

Yo he visto al águila herida
Volar al azul sereno,
Y morir en su guarida
La vibora del veneno.

Yo sé bien que cuando el mundo
Cede, lívido, al descanso,
Sobre el silencio profundo
Murmura el arroyo manso.

Yo he puesto la mano osada,
De horror y júbilo yerta,
Sobre la estrella apagada
Que cayó frente a mi puerta.

Oculto en mi pecho bravo
La pena que me lo hiere:
El hijo de un pueblo esclavo
Vive por él, calla y muere.

Todo es hermoso y constante,
Todo es música y razón,
Y todo, como el diamante,
Antes que luz es carbón.

Yo sé que el necio se entierra
Con gran lujo y con gran llanto.
Y que no hay fruta en la tierra
Como la del camposanto.

Callo, y entiendo, y me quito
La pompa del rimador:
Cuelgo de un árbol marchito
Mi muceta de doctor.
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Analysis (ai): This poem by Jose Marti explores the complexities of human existence, reflecting on themes of identity, loss, and purpose. The speaker, a man from a land of palm trees, expresses a desire to leave a lasting impression before he dies.

Challenging conventional norms, the speaker declares their unity with nature, art, and all aspects of life. They possess a profound understanding of the natural world and human nature, having witnessed both beauty and suffering.

Through vivid imagery, the speaker recalls pivotal moments in their life: the death of their father, the betrayal of a lover, and the joy of parenthood. These experiences have shaped their perspective, leaving an imprint on their soul. They have also witnessed the resilience and vulnerability of both humans and animals.

The speaker acknowledges the injustices and sorrows of the world, including the oppression of their homeland. They find solace in the beauty that persists, even in the face of darkness. Despite the pain they carry, they remain hopeful and steadfast, committed to living for their people.

The poem concludes with a reflexión on the nature of existence, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all things. The speaker recognizes that even the most valuable possessions are temporary, while true beauty and purpose lie in the experiences that shape us. (hide)
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74   Translated by Manuel A. Tellechea

Dos Patrias

Two Homelands

I have two countries: Cuba and the night.
Or are they one of the two? not well remove
his majesty the sun, with long veils
and a carnation in her hand, silent
Cuba as a sad widow appears to me.
I know which one is that bloody carnation
that trembles in his hand! It is empty
my chest is shattered and empty
where the heart was It's time
to start dying. the night is good
to say goodbye. the light is in the way
and the human word. The universe
speak better than man.
which flag
that invites to battle, the red flame
of the candle flames. The Windows
I open, already narrow in me. mute, breaking
carnation leaves, like a cloud
that clouds the sky, Cuba, widow, pass...

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Analysis (ai): This poem presents a metaphor of Cuba as both a physical homeland and a symbolic representation of nighttime. The speaker's heart is empty, suggesting the exile's sense of loss and longing. The appearance of Cuba as a "widow" in the night evokes a sense of mourning and absence.

The poem reflects the political and cultural climate of its time, where Cuba was under Spanish colonial rule. The reference to "la llama roja" can be interpreted as a symbol of hope and resistance against oppression. The speaker's embrace of the night and rejection of human language suggests a retreat into solitude and introspection.

Compared to the author's other works, this poem shares themes of exile, loss, and the search for identity. It also employs imagery and symbolism to create a powerful and evocative atmosphere. (hide)
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