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Mazan rapes

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Mazan rapes
Mazan rapes is located in France
Mazan
Mazan
Villiers-sur-Marne
Villiers-sur-Marne
Drôme
Drôme
Villeparisis
Villeparisis
Mazan rapes (France)
Native name Viols de Mazan
DateJuly 2011 – October 2020
Location
  • Mazan, France
  • Paris, France
  • Drôme, France
Also known asPelicot case
TypeRape
Non-fatal injuries
Convicted
  • Dominique Pelicot
  • Jean-Pierre Maréchal
  • 49 others
ChargesAggravated rape
TrialAvignon, France

Over a period of nine years, from July 2011 to October 2020, Dominique Pelicot, a man from Mazan in south-eastern France, repeatedly drugged and raped his wife, Gisèle Pelicot, and invited at least 83 male strangers to rape her while she was unconscious. Gisèle, who was unaware of the abuse being perpetrated against her, was raped at least 92 times by no less than 72 men while her husband filmed them. The crimes were discovered in September 2020 after Dominique was arrested for taking upskirt photographs of women in a supermarket; the ensuing police investigation uncovered thousands of images and videos on his computer equipment of men raping his wife.

The trial of Dominique and 50 other men accused of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault began in Avignon on 2 September 2024, and concluded on 16 December, with verdicts delivered on 19 December. All were convicted, with Dominique receiving the maximum 20-year prison term. Dominique was also found guilty of taking indecent images of his daughter and two daughters-in-law, and the attempted rape of the wife of co-defendant Jean-Pierre Maréchal, who was charged with drugging and raping his own wife, and not Gisèle.

Gisèle's decision to waive her right to anonymity and insistence on a public trial attracted worldwide media attention and admiration for her courage. The trial drew attention to drug-facilitated sexual assault and issues around consent.

Background

[edit]
An illustration of Gisèle Pelicot

Gisèle and Dominique Pelicot were both born in 1952, and married in 1973.[1] Gisèle was born in the city of Villingen in West Germany to a French family.[1] Her father was in the military and, despite losing her mother at the age of nine, she described a happy childhood. She met her husband, who she said had a tough childhood, when she was twenty. She worked in administration at the state electricity company, while Dominique worked as an electrician and an estate agent and set up a number of businesses which ultimately failed. The couple lived in the Paris area and had three children. To people who knew them, Gisèle said in court, they were a perfect family.[2][3] She also said in court that she had had a three-year affair with a colleague. The couple were divorced for a short period for financial reasons before remarrying.[4]

Gisèle was unaware that her husband had been caught upskirting women near Paris in 2010 and fined €100.[1] In 2013 the couple retired to Mazan, Vaucluse, a small town north-east of Avignon, in south-eastern France. Gisèle joined a choir and her husband took up sport and cycling.[2] They were visited by their children and grandchildren for holidays.[5]

Arrest and investigation

[edit]

Dominique was arrested on 12 September 2020 after he had been apprehended by a security guard for upskirting women using his mobile phone at an E.Leclerc supermarket in Carpentras, near Mazan.[6] He was released on bail pending investigation of his two mobile phones, laptop, and other digital equipment that had been seized at his home.[5] Investigation of the equipment showed that he had solicited men to rape his wife on a forum called à son insu ('without her knowledge', lit. 'with her unknowing'), hosted on the coco.fr website.[7] The website, which moved its domain registration from France to Guernsey after Dominique's arrest, was said to have been connected to more than 23,000 French criminal cases between 2021 and 2024 and was shut down in June 2024.[7] In the chatroom, Dominique invited other men to rape his wife; Skype messages were also found in which he boasted of drugging his wife and invited strangers to rape her.[5][8]

On a USB stick connected to Dominique's computer, investigators found a folder called "abuses" containing more than 20,000 images and videos of his unconscious wife being raped.[5][9] The videos had been meticulously filed with explicit titles and the names of the men.[10]

The investigators identified 92 separate incidents of rape committed on Gisèle by 72 different men between July 2011 and October 2020.[11] It took the police two years to identify and locate 50 of the perpetrators; the rest remain unidentified.[5] The men were aged between 21 and 68 at the time of the rapes.[12]

Images were also found on Dominique's computer of his daughters-in-law in the shower, which had been taken with a hidden camera, and of his semi-naked daughter Caroline Darian unconscious on a bed as if she had been drugged.[10]

Re-arrest and confession

[edit]
Graffiti in Paris: M'endors pas ('Don't sedate me')

Dominique was re-arrested on 2 November 2020 and charged with aggravated rape, drugging, and other sexual offences. He was also accused of violating the privacy of his wife, daughter, and two daughters-in-law by covertly taking and disseminating intimate images of them. He immediately admitted his guilt.[5][9]

On the same day, Gisèle was asked to attend a separate interview by the police. Questioned about her sex life, she said she had never taken part in wife swapping or threesomes.[13] She was shown a photograph, but did not recognise the unconscious woman or the man raping her. It was only when shown further images that she recognised herself. She later testified that she had asked the police officer to stop showing her the images: "It was unbearable. I was inert, in my bed, and a man was raping me. My world fell apart."[13]

Dominique told investigators that the abuse started after his wife had been prescribed lorazepam (Temesta), an anxiolytic drug, which caused her to be drowsy. He took advantage of this by secretly adding Temesta to his wife's food and drinks, causing her to lose consciousness.[14] He obtained additional Temesta from his own doctor; he had been prescribed 450 pills in one year alone.[9]

While Gisèle was unconscious, Dominique committed sexual acts, such as anal sex, which his wife had not wished to participate in. He would film the abuse, sometimes committed after he had taken Viagra, and share the videos online. He then invited men from the online chatroom to watch him abusing his wife, and on occasion to abuse her themselves.[14] No money changed hands.[13] The men were given strict instructions, for example, to avoid smelling of fragrance or cigarette smoke, in case it alerted Gisèle to their presence.[9] They were not required to use condoms, and Gisèle was found to have four sexually transmitted infections after the abuse came to light.[13] One rapist was HIV-positive when he raped Gisèle; however, he was being treated and had an undetectable viral load, so he did not expose her to that virus.[15]

The abuse took a significant toll on Gisèle's health. She lost weight and her hair started to fall out. She experienced memory loss and at times spoke incoherently, to the extent that she worried that she might have Alzheimer's disease or a brain tumour.[16] She visited a number of doctors, but was always accompanied by her husband, who blamed her symptoms on exhaustion caused by looking after their grandchildren.[9] None of the doctors suspected that she was being drugged.[5] A psychologist said that Dominique refused to accept the harm he had done, instead complaining that the trial had "destroyed his life", and that if he hadn't been arrested, he "would still be happy, and she too – everything would have continued the same way."[17]

In 2022, the Pelicots' daughter Caroline Darian published a book about the case titled Et j'ai cessé de t'appeler Papa ('And I Stopped Calling You Dad').[18] She also established a non-profit organisation called M'endors Pas ('Don't Sedate Me') to raise awareness of drug-facilitated sexual assault.[19]

Indictment and trial

[edit]

On 19 June 2023, Gwenola Journot, an investigating judge from the Avignon Judicial Court, published a 370-page report indicting 51 men for rape. A 52nd suspect died of cancer before being arrested.[20][21] The accused, who faced prison sentences of up to 20 years if found guilty, ranged in age from 25 to 72 and came from numerous walks of life – firefighter, IT worker, journalist, nurse, plumber, prison guard, and truck driver, with 41 of them being from Vaucluse.[5][22][23] Many had partners and children. Most were charged with one count of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault but a few were charged with multiple offences, including in one case six counts of rape. One man was charged, not with the rape of Gisèle, but with drugging and raping his own wife. Dominique was also charged with the same offence.[5] While 49 were charged with rape, one of the accused was charged with attempted rape and one with sexual assault. A total of 23 of the accused had previous convictions, including six for domestic violence and two for sexual violence.[23] Some of the accused admitted their guilt, whilst others claimed that the acts were consensual, with Gisèle pretending to be asleep or agreeing to be drugged, or that her husband's consent was sufficient. Five of the men were also charged with possessing images of child sexual abuse.[5] Twelve of the accused appealed their indictment but the Court of Appeal in Nîmes rejected the appeal on 5 October 2023.[22]

The trial, heard by a panel of five judges led by presiding judge Roger Arata, began at the Judicial Court in Avignon on 2 September 2024 and was expected to last until 20 December 2024. At the request of Gisèle, the proceedings were held in public. Eighteen of the accused were detained, while 32 were attending the trial as free men and one was being judged in absentia.[24] The courtroom was specially adapted to accommodate the large number of defendants and about sixty lawyers, with a separate transmission room for the press and public.[25]

Gisèle, who was supported in court by her three children and represented by lawyers Stéphane Babonneau and Antoine Camus, testified during the first week of the trial. She explained that her world had fallen apart when the police had told her in November 2020 that she had been drugged and raped. "I was sacrificed on the altar of vice," she said. Her husband affirmed to the court that he was guilty of drugging and raping her.[26]

On 10 September 2024, the court heard from Jean-Pierre Maréchal, the only one of the defendants who was not accused of raping or assaulting Gisèle. Instead he had been given instructions by Dominique on how to drug and rape his own wife. He had admitted the charges. Dominique travelled to Drôme a number of times between 2015 and 2020 to rape Maréchal's wife in their home.[27][28]

Dominique gave evidence in court for the first time on 17 September. He admitted his guilt, as he had done since his arrest in November 2020, saying "I am a rapist like the others in this room." He asked his family for forgiveness. He recounted a traumatic childhood and told how he was raped by a male nurse when he was nine years old. He said he had always loved his wife and had felt suicidal when he discovered she had been having an affair. Asked why he had not stopped drugging and abusing his wife when she developed health problems caused by the drugs, he replied that his addiction had been too strong. Gisèle was given a chance to respond to her husband's evidence and said: "It is difficult for me to listen to this. For 50 years, I lived with a man who I would've never imagined could be capable of this. I trusted him completely."[29] The following day, Gisèle was questioned by defence lawyers, who had selected a small number of images, from the thousands on her husband's computer, that appeared to show her conscious, sometimes with a sex toy. One lawyer asked her if she was an exhibitionist. Gisèle said that she found the lawyers' questions insulting, adding: "And I understand why rape victims don't press charges."[30]

The cross examination of the remaining defendants lasted from 19 September to 19 November, with the court taking a week's break at the end of October. The court screened videos of an unconscious Gisèle being raped by the accused. Initially, for reasons of decency, presiding judge Arata had ruled to exclude journalists and members of the public from the screenings. Following arguments from Gisèle's legal team, the judge reversed his decision.[31] Most of the accused denied the charge of rape, saying that they were unaware Gisèle was unconscious and unable to consent.[3] Some claimed they thought they were taking part in a couple's sexual fantasy or that the husband's consent was sufficient; some claimed diminished responsibility.[32]

Gisèle's three children, who were plaintiffs in the case (French: parties civiles) gave evidence on 18 November to tell of the devastation that had been wrought on their family. David spoke of a son in therapy; Florian spoke of his divorce. Caroline Darian was convinced her father had drugged and abused her in spite of his denials, and said she felt like the forgotten victim in the case.[33]

On 19 November, Gisèle took the stand for the last time. "This is a trial of cowardice", she said, adding that it was time to examine a macho patriarchal society that trivialised rape. Whilst admitting that it was her husband who orchestrated the abuse, she asked why not one of the accused had reported him to the police when they saw the state she was in. Defence lawyers suggested that she still felt sympathy for her husband or was under his control. One of them asked why she still used her married name after her divorce, to which she replied that her grandchildren were called Pelicot and she wanted them to be proud of the name that was known across the world. People would associate the name with her, and not her husband.[34][35]

The prosecution delivered their closing arguments on 25–27 November. Seeking a 20-year sentence for Dominique, prosecutor Laure Chabaud said that a 20-year sentence, the maximum sentence for rape under French law, was "both a lot... and too little given the gravity of the acts that were committed and repeated".[36] Chabaud and her fellow prosecutor sought a four-year sentence for one of the accused and sentences of between 10 and 18 years for the others. Chabaud said that such sentences would send a message of hope to all victims of sexual violence.[32]

The closing arguments of the defence began on 27 November, with Dominique's lawyer, Béatrice Zavarro, the first to speak. She told the court that she had the utmost respect for Gisèle and her family, and asked them to remember the man who at one time had been a devoted family man. In a speech that quoted Sigmund Freud, John Betjeman and Boris Cyrulnik, she argued that childhood trauma had caused a split in Dominique's mind and caused his perversity.[37]

Lawyers defending the other 50 accused delivered their closing arguments over the following two-and-a-half weeks. A common theme was the inability of the men to resist in the face of the manipulative behaviour of Dominique. The last lawyer to speak, Nadia El Bouroumi, argued for her clients' acquittal while acknowledging Gisèle's lack of consent, saying they had been manipulated by a monster. She said that it was difficult to speak for the accused when the victim was a feminist hero.[38] On Monday 16 December, the final day of the trial, Dominique was given an opportunity to make a final statement. He acknowledged the courage of his former wife and asked his family for their forgiveness.[39] The rest of the accused were also allowed to speak; some had nothing to add; some said they were not rapists as they had not intended to rape; some apologised to Gisèle.[40]

Verdicts

[edit]

The judges retired to chambers on the morning of 16 December 2024.[39] Verdicts were decided by secret ballots cast by the five judges.[41] They returned to court on the morning of 19 December to deliver the verdicts.

Dominique was found guilty of all charges and received the maximum sentence of 20 years' imprisonment.[42] The remaining 50 defendants were also found guilty: two of them were found guilty of aggravated sexual assault and received sentences of three years imprisonment, two were found guilty of attempted rape with aggravating factors and received sentences of five and six years imprisonment, while the rest were found guilty of aggravated rape and received sentences ranging from five to 15 years imprisonment.[42]

Convicted

[edit]

The following men were convicted:[42][43][44][45]

Name Age[a] Sentence (in years) In jail since Profession Notes
Dominique Pelicot 72 20 Nov, 4 2020 Retired electrician and construction supervisor Ex-husband of the victim (divorced in late 2024), organized and facilitated the rapes. Also charged with taking and sharing intimate photos of his two daughters in law and his daughter.
Jean-Pierre Maréchal 63 12 March, 9 2021 Garden store worker, Driver Not charged with raping Gisèle
Found guilty of drugging and raping his wife, and invited Dominique to rape her as well
Charly Arbo 30 13 Temp worker Raped Gisèle on 6 occasions between 2016 and 2020.
Cyrille Delville 54 8 Construction worker and former amateur footballer
Christian Lescole 56 9 2021 Volunteer firefighter Acquitted of possessing child abuse material
Lionel Rodriguez 44 8 Supermarket worker and salesman Worked in the same supermarket where Dominique was caught upskirting women
Nicolas François 43 8 Freelance journalist Also guilty of possessing child abuse material
Banned from working in jobs with children for several years
Jacques Cubeau 73 5 Retired lorry driver
Patrice Nicolle 55 8 Electrician
Thierry Parisis 54 8 Mason
Simoné Mekenese 43 9 Construction worker Lived near the Pelicots
Nizar Hamida 40 10 Hairdresser, builder, and delivery driver Had eight prior convictions, including domestic violence and attempted abduction of his child with a former partner
Boris Moulin 37 8 Delivery driver
Jérôme Vilela 46 13 2021 Former firefighter and supermarket employee
Didier Sambuchi 68 5 Retired lorry driver
Quentin Hennebert 34 7 Former prison guard and ambulance driver
Philippe Leleu 62 5 Gardener
Jean-Luc La 46 10 2023 Mirror maker Admitted to raping Gisèle on two occasions.
Fabien Sotton 39 11 2021 Unemployed 16 prior convictions, including for domestic violence, sexual assault of a child, drug dealing and armed robbery.
Karim Sebaoui 40 10 IT specialist Also guilty of possessing child abuse material
Joan Kawai 26 10 April 16, 2021 French Armed Forces soldier
Jean-Marc Leloup 74 6 Retired driver
Andy Rodriguez 37 6 Unemployed, former car mechanic, order picker, material handler, farmhand, mason's helper and supermarket receptionist Alcoholic
Vincent Coullet 43 10 Carpenter Raped Pelicot on two occasions. Had previous conviction for domestic violence.
Adrien Longeron 34 6 Site manager Also guilty of possessing child abuse material
Jailed for 14 years in 2020 for raping and stalking three former girlfriends
Hugues Malago 39 5 Tiler and biker
Ahmed Tbarik 54 8 Plumber and owner of a boxing club
Husamettin Dogan 43 9 Construction worker Prior convictions for drug trafficking
Romain Vandevelde 63 15 2021 Retired Raped Gisèle on 6 occasions between 2019 and 2020.
Joseph Cocco 69 3 Retired
Saifeddine Ghabi 37 3 Lorry driver
Jean Tirano 52 8 Roofer
Mohamed Rafaa 70 8 2021 DJ and club manager Had prior conviction for raping his 17 year old daughter, for which he was sentenced to prison for 5 years.
Ludovick Blemeur 39 7 Former firefighter and warehouse worker Raped Gisèle at her daughter's home
Patrick Aron 60 6 Unemployed
Abdelali Dallal 47 8 Unemployed
Grégory Serviol 33 8 Painter and decorator Prior convictions for theft, traffic offences, and drug use
Cédric Grassot 50 12 Delivery driver Also found guilty of possessing child abuse imagery.
Cédric Venzin 44 9 Restaurant manager Prior convictions several convictions for drunk driving
Mahdi Daoudi 36 8 Transport worker
Thierry Postat 61 12 2021 Refrigerator specialist Also guilty of possessing child abuse material and possessing bestiality material
Banned from working with children for life
Florian Rocca 32 7 Delivery driver Prior convictions for theft, driving without a license and drug offences
Dominique Davies 45 13 Lorry driver and former soldier Raped Gisèle on six occasions.
Cyprien Culieras 45 6 Forklift driver Had eight prior convictions, mostly related to theft
Mathieu Dartus 53 7 Former baker Claimed to be under the influence under MDMA on that night
Cyril Beaubis 47 9 Lorry driver
Paul-Koikoi Grovogui 31 8 Food processing worker Prior convictions for theft, forgery and domestic violence.
Omar Douiri 36 8 Mechanic and bus cleaner
Redouane Azougagh 40 9 Unemployed Prior convictions for domestic violence
Hassan Ouamou 30 12 Convicted in absentia having fled the country, travelling between Morocco and Romania claiming no intention of returning to France. 13 prior convictions in connection with theft, violence, drugs, and possession of weapons.
Redouane El Farihi 55 8 Nurse
  1. ^ as of December 2024

Impact of the trial

[edit]

Gisèle's decision to waive her right to anonymity and her insistence on a public trial established her as a feminist icon and raised awareness of drug-facilitated sexual assault, rape culture, and the question of consent.[33][46] Media outlets from around the world covered the trial.[46] A group of women called Amazons of Avignon (French: Les Amazones d'Avignon) plastered walls near the court with messages of support for Gisèle and applauded her as she left court each day.[47] Blandine Deverlanges, founder of the group, said: "She has shown such dignity and courage and humanity. It was a huge gift to [French women] that she chose to speak to the whole world in front of her rapist".[48] The BBC included her in its 2024 list of "100 inspiring and influential women from around the world".[49]

On 14 September 2024, feminist organisations arranged protests in 30 areas throughout France to express solidarity with Gisèle and other victims of sexual violence, with 700 demonstrators at the Place de la République in Paris and 200 at the Palais de Justice in Marseille. [50][51] There were further demonstrations in support of Gisèle in Paris, Lyon and other French cities in October.[52]

The trial raised issues around consent in French law and the need to revise the penal code, which currently defines rape as "any act of sexual penetration committed against another person by violence, constraint, threat or surprise", with no mention of consent.[3]

Other charges against Dominique Pelicot

[edit]

While on remand, Dominique was charged with the rape and murder of 23-year-old estate agent Sophie Narme in Paris in 1991 and with the attempted rape of a 19-year-old estate agent in Villeparisis, Seine-et-Marne. Both women had been showing a man around an apartment when they were attacked. Charges were brought by the cold case unit at Nanterre. Dominique initially denied both crimes but admitted the attempted rape when told that his DNA matched a sample taken at the scene. The woman had been drugged with ether but had managed to fight back and escape.[9][53] The DNA match had previously been noted when he was arrested for upskirting in Collégien in 2010, but at that time the police failed to pursue the matter.[54] Dominique continued to deny the rape and murder of Sophie Narme; a DNA sample taken from the scene had been lost.[54]

Documentaries

[edit]

In the UK ITN Productions and Channel 5 released a documentary on the Pelicot case titled The Pelicot Rape Case: A Town on Trial on 11 December 2024.[55] Caroline Darian will narrate a documentary made by France Télévisions.[56]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "'You are lying!' Gisèle Pelicot's daughter yells at father as he speaks in mass rape trial". BBC. 19 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Pelicot rape trial: It is Gisèle's name that will be remembered". The Guardian. 23 November 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Final phase for mass rape trial that has horrified France". BBC. 17 November 2024.
  4. ^ "Inferiority complex, revenge? Gisèle Pelicot testifies on husband's possible motives for mass rape". France24. 25 October 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Porter, Catherine; Le Stradic, Ségolène (2 September 2024). "France Confronts Horror of Rape and Drugging Case as 51 Men Go on Trial". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 September 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  6. ^ "Prosecutors demand 20-year jail term for Dominique Pelicot". The Guardian. 25 November 2024.
  7. ^ a b Robins-Early, Nick (12 October 2024). "The anonymous, anything-goes forum at the heart of the Pelicot rape case". The Guardian.
  8. ^ Poiter, Cahterine (18 December 2024). "The Dark Mystery of France's Most Notorious Sexual Predator". New York Times. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Willsher, Kim (2 September 2024). "Man accused of enlisting strangers to rape drugged wife goes on trial in France". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024.
  10. ^ a b "In stifled sobs and fierce accusations, family falls apart at mass rape trial". BBC. 24 November 2024.
  11. ^ Clarke-Billings, Lucy (2 September 2024). "Man accused of recruiting dozens of strangers to rape his wife". BBC News. London, UK. Archived from the original on 6 September 2024.
  12. ^ de Vignemont, Diane (27 November 2024). "Sisterhood at France's Mass Rape Trial". New Lines.
  13. ^ a b c d Schofield, Hugh (5 September 2024). "Woman describes horror of learning husband drugged her so others could rape her". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 September 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  14. ^ a b Sarrot, Aurélie (31 August 2024). "Vaucluse: 51 hommes jugés à partir de lundi pour avoir violé une mère de famille droguée par son mari". TF1 (in French). Archived from the original on 5 September 2024.
  15. ^ "Gisèle Pelicot 'honoured' to wear scarf from Australian women's group in court". The Guardian. 6 November 2024.
  16. ^ Porter, Catherine; Le Stradic, Ségolène (18 September 2024). "The Rape Trial in France of 51 Men, Explained". The New York Times.
  17. ^ "The horror and history of drug-facilitated rape: 'When I woke up my body felt battered'". The Guardian. 20 November 2024.
  18. ^ "'Did he drug me too?': how daughter of Gisèle Pelicot feared she had also been a victim of her father". The Guardian. 9 November 2024.
  19. ^ "'I feel humiliated': Gisèle Pelicot outraged by suggestions of complicity at France mass rape trial". France24. 19 September 2024.
  20. ^ "Affaire des viols de Mazan : la juge ordonne le renvoi des 51 mis en examen devant la cour criminelle". Le Dauphiné libéré (in French). 27 June 2023. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023.
  21. ^ Bossard, Adèle (28 June 2023). "Affaire des viols de Mazan : la juge ordonne un procès pour 51 hommes, dont 41 Vauclusiens". France Bleu (in French). Archived from the original on 1 September 2024.
  22. ^ a b Vergnenegre, Annie (6 October 2023). "Affaire des viols de Mazan : ce que l'on sait sur le procès hors-norme qui se tiendra en 2024 à Avignon". France 3 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (in French). Archived from the original on 14 March 2024.
  23. ^ a b Chrisafis, Angelique (28 October 2024). "A soldier, a nurse, a lorry driver and dozens more: who are the men accused over rape and assault of Gisèle Pelicot?". The Guardian.
  24. ^ "Daughter leaves French court during man's trial over recruiting dozens to rape wife". The Guardian. 3 September 2024.
  25. ^ "Affaire des viols de Mazan : Une victime, 51 accusés, quatre mois de procès... L'audience hors norme ouvre ce lundi". 20 Minutes (in French). 3 September 2024.
  26. ^ "Woman tells trial of husband who invited men to rape her: 'I was sacrificed on altar of vice'". The Guardian. 5 September 2024.
  27. ^ "'Disciple' of accused rapist drugged and raped his own wife, French court told". The Guardian. 11 September 2024.
  28. ^ Philips, Mélanie (4 September 2024). "Procès des viols de Mazan : auditions du mari, de la femme, de la fille, du "clone" Maréchal... les cinq temps forts à venir". France 3 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (in French). Archived from the original on 5 September 2024.
  29. ^ "'I am a rapist', admits husband in French mass rape trial". BBC. 17 September 2024.
  30. ^ "France's Horrifying Rape Trial Has a Feminist Hero". The New York Times. 25 September 2024.
  31. ^ "Pelicot rape trial: press and public allowed to see video evidence". France24. 4 October 2024.
  32. ^ a b "Pelicot trial: 'There's no such thing as ordinary, accidental, involuntary rape'". France24. 27 November 2024.
  33. ^ a b "Sons Tell of a 'Devastated' Family at Rape Trial in France". The New York Times. 18 November 2024.
  34. ^ Porter, Catherine (19 November 2024). "As French Rape Trial Nears End, Wife Speaks of 'Banality' and 'Cowardice'". The New York Times.
  35. ^ "Gisèle Pelicot condemns rape accused and says French society must change". BBC. 19 November 2024.
  36. ^ "Prosecutors demand 20-year jail sentence for husband in mass rape trial". BBC. 25 November 2024.
  37. ^ "Dominique Pelicot has split personality caused by trauma, defence argues". The Guardian. 27 November 2024.
  38. ^ "Defence lawyer makes final pleas for the accused at Pelicot mass rape trial". France 24. 13 December 2024.
  39. ^ a b "Ex-husband in French mass rape trial asks for 'forgiveness' from his family". France 24. 15 December 2024.
  40. ^ "Gisèle Pelicot: verdicts expected in rape trial that shocked France". The Guardian. 18 December 2024.
  41. ^ Sands, Leo (18 December 2024). "What to know about France mass rape case as Dominique Pelicot found guilty". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  42. ^ a b c "Who are the men convicted in the Gisèle Pelicot rape trial". BBC. 19 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  43. ^ "Who are the men convicted over rape and assault of Gisèle Pelicot?". The Guardian. 19 December 2024.
  44. ^ Martin, Amy-Clare (20 December 2024). "'Mr Everyman': Who are the 51 men who sexually abused Gisèle Pelicot?". The Independent.
  45. ^ "'Mr Everyman': The 51 men accused of raping Gisèle Pelicot". The Telegraph. 18 December 2024.
  46. ^ a b "Mass rape trial: Gisèle Pelicot's lesson in justice". Le Monde. 28 November 2024.
  47. ^ "Gisèle Pelicot is not my adversary, says defence lawyer treading a fine line in mass rape case". The Guardian. 1 December 2024.
  48. ^ "French village torn apart by horror of mass rape trial". BBC. 10 September 2024.
  49. ^ "BBC 100 Women 2024: Who is on the list this year?". BBC. 3 December 2024.
  50. ^ "'It's the height of horror': protests in 30 French cities in support of Gisèle Pelicot". The Guardian. 14 September 2024.
  51. ^ "Protests in France to support woman allegedly drugged by husband and raped by strangers". Sky News. 14 September 2024.
  52. ^ "Demonstrators rally across France in support for mass rape victim Gisèle Pelicot". France24. 20 October 2024.
  53. ^ "Procès des viols de Mazan : accusé d'avoir drogué et livré sa femme à des hommes, Dominique Pelicot est aussi le suspect numéro un dans des affaires de viol et meurtre". franceinfo (in French). 16 September 2024.
  54. ^ a b Moreno, Justine Briquet (3 September 2024). "Affaire des viols de Mazan : l'ADN de Dominique P. retrouvé dans des « cold cases »". Elle (in French). Archived from the original on 5 September 2024.
  55. ^ "Channel 5 to Air Documentary on Gisèle Pelicot and France's Mass Rape Trial That Shocked the World". The Hollywood Reporter. 27 November 2024.
  56. ^ "Gisèle Pelicot's Daughter, Caroline Darian, to Chronicle Mass Rape Trial Involving Her Parents in France Televisions Documentary". Variety. 28 November 2024.
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