失æ¥ã®ãªã¹ã¯ã¯è¾²å®¶ã ãã§ã¯ç¡ãï¼TPPã«åå ããã°ä¼æ¥çµå¶ã®æ¹éãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åã«è¿ã¥ããããTPPã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ã¡ãªããã»ãã¡ãªãããå¿ æ»ã§èãã¾ã¨ãã¦ã¿ã(ãã®ï¼ï¼
ãã¦ã前回ã§ã¯ãTPPåå ã®ã¡ãªããã»ãã¡ãªããã«ã¤ãã¦å¤§ã¾ãã«åæããã®ã§ãããä»åããã¯ããå°ã詳ããè¦ã¦ããã¾ãã
ç¾å¨ã®TVã»æ°èãªã©ã§ã®è°è«ã¯ãè¾²æ¥ vs ãã®ä»ã®è¼¸åºæ¥ãã¨ããæ§å³ã主ã§ãããã«ããããå»çã®åé¡ãæè¿å°ãå ãã£ã¦ãã¾ãããã§ãã®ã§ã農家以å¤ã®äººã¯ãèªåã®è·æ¥ã«ã¨ã£ã¦å¤§ããªãã¤ãã¹ã«ã¯ãªããªãããå¥ã«ããããã¨ä»äººãã¨ã«æããã¦ãããããã¾ããããããã¯å¤§ããªééãã§ããTPPã«åå ããå ´åã¯ãã»ã¼å ¨ã¦ã®è·æ¥ã®äººãç¾å¨ããæ´ã«æ¿ãã競äºã«æããã¦å¤±æ¥ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãé«ãã¾ããï¼ãããæ¥æ¬çµæ¸å ¨ä½ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ãå½æ°çæ´»ã«ã¨ã£ã¦è¯ããã¨ãªã®ãæªããã¨ãªã®ãã¨ããè°è«ã¯ããã¾ããï¼ä»åã¯ãã®çç±ãè¦ã¦ããã¾ãã
TPPã¨å¤±æ¥ã®é¢é£
ã¾ãå
¨ä½ã¸ã®å½±é¿ãè¦ã¦ããå
·ä½è«ã«å
¥ãã¾ãã
TPPã失æ¥ã«ç´æ¥é¢ããé
ç®ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ãããªè¦ç´ ãæãããã¾ãã
- ãæè³ããéèãã®ã«ã¼ã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åºæºã«ãªããæ¥æ¬ä¼æ¥ã®è²·åãå¢ããã
- ãæ¿åºèª¿éãï¼å¸çºæã¬ãã«ã®å°æ¹ã®å ¬å ±äºæ¥ãå«ãï¼ã®å ¥æãæµ·å¤ä¼æ¥ã«ãèªããã
- ãæè³ãããç¥ç財ç£ãã®ã«ã¼ã«ãæ´åããããã¨ã«ããä¼æ¥ã®æµ·å¤ç§»è»¢ãå éããã
詳細ã«å ¥ãåã«ç°¡åã«è£è¶³èª¬æãã¾ãã¨ã1.ã¯å¤è³éèã«çµå¶æ¨©ãæ¡ãããå½å ä¼æ¥ãå¢ãããã®çµæã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããã«(æ¯è¼ççæã®ï¼æ ªä¸»å©çãæåªå ããçµå¶ãè¡ããããªã¹ãã©ãæ¢è¡ãããäºãå¢ããã¨ããäºã2.ã¯ãã®ã¾ã¾ã§ãå°æ¹ã®å ¬å ±äºæ¥ã«æµ·å¤ä¼æ¥ãããå ¥æã許å¯ããããã¨ã«ããã競äºãæ¿ãããªã£ã¦å ¥æä¾¡æ ¼ãä¸ããã¾ãã¯å注ã§ããªããªããä¸å¤®æ¿åºããå°æ¹çµæ¸ã¸ã®å¤§ããªãéã®æµãï¼å°æ¹äº¤ä»ç¨äº¤ä»éï¼ãç´°ããªãã建ç¯æ¥è ã¯ãã¡ããã®ãã¨å°æ¹ã®ãã¼ã«ã«ãªååºãä¸å°ä¼æ¥ã«ã¾ã§å½±é¿ãããã³ï¼è¾²æ¥ã®å´©å£ã«å ãã¦ï¼å°æ¹çµæ¸ãç²å¼ãã¾ãã3. ä¼æ¥ã¯çµæ¸çãªäºã ããèããããã§ãããã®ãªãæµ·å¤ç§»è»¢ãããã«ã§ããããã®ã§ããããããèºèºãããè¦å ãããã¤ãããã¾ãããã®ä¸ã§ãæ¿å¤ãªã¹ã¯ã¨æè¡æµåºãªã¹ã¯ã¯æãããã®ã§ãããããã®ãªã¹ã¯ããæè³ãã®é ã®ä¸ã®ISDS(æè³å®¶å½å®¶æ訴権ï¼æ¡é ããç¥ç財ç£ãã®é ã®ä¸ã®ãéå ¬éæ å ±ã®ä¿è·ãã®æ¡é ãªã©ã§æãããã¨ãã§ããã®ãªãã°ãæµ·å¤ç§»è»¢ã¯ã¾ãã¾ãä¿é²ãããã¨ããäºã§ããï¼1.ã¨åæ§ã«æè³ã®ã«ã¼ã«ãæ確åã»çµ±ä¸åããããã¨ã«ããæè³ããããããªããã¨ãæµ·å¤ç§»è»¢ã®å éã«è²¢ç®ãã¾ããï¼
ä»åã¯ããã®ä¸ã§ãTPPã®æ¬è³ªã®ä¸ã¤ã§ããã1ã«ã¤ãã¦æ´ã«è©³ãã解説ãã¦ããããã¨æãã¾ãã(2ã»3ã¯å»çåé¡ã«ã¤ãã¦è§¦ãã¦ãããã¾ãæ¹ãã¦è§¦ãããã¨æãã¾ãã2ã«ã¤ãã¦ãã詳ããç¥ãããæ¹ã¯こちらの資料ããï¼
TPPåå ã«ãããæè³ããéèãã®ã«ã¼ã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åºæºã«ãªããã¨ã®å½±é¿
ä»åã®TPPã§ã¯ãæè³ããéèãã«é¢ããé ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã交æ¸åå ããéã«å¼·ãè¦æã§çãè¾¼ã¾ããããããããã®å 容ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åºæºã®ãã®ã«è¿ããªãã¨ããäºã¯ã»ã¼ç¢ºå®ã¨è¦ããã¦ãã¾ããç¾å¨ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã®ä¼æ¥ãå¤è³ãè²·åãããã¨ããã¨ãæ ªã®æã¡åãããä¸æçãªè¦å¶ãæ £ç¿ããããä¸å¯è½ã¾ã§ã¯ãããªããã®ã®ç¸å½ããã«ããç¶æ ã§ãã2010å¹´ã®å¯¾å ç´æ¥æè³æ®é«ï¼æµ·å¤ããå½å ã®ä¼æ¥ã«çµå¶æ¨©ã®å½±é¿ã®åºãæè³ããããç´¯è¨é¡ï¼ã®å¯¾GDPæ¯ãä¸çå¹³åã30.3%ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã23.5%ãä¸å½ã§ã9.9%ããã®ã«æ¥æ¬ã3.9%ã¨ããã®ãããã®ç¶æ ãç©èªã£ã¦ãã¾ããï¼è©³ããã¯このグラフãã覧ãã ãããï¼ãããã®è¦å¶ãTPPã«ãã£ã¦æ¤å»ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«çãªãªã¼ãã³ãªåºæºã«ãªãã°ãè³æ¬ãã¢ããããããã«ãªãã¾ãã®ã§ãæµå¯¾çãªè²·ååæ¦ãå½éçµå¶çµ±åã»åä½µ(M&A)ãé »ç¹ã«èµ·ããããã«ãªãã§ããããï¼ããã¯å¤è³ãã¡ã³ãã§ã¯ãªãã§ãããæããªã¨ã¢ã³ãæä¸ãã¡ã³ãããã¸ãã¬ããè²·åãããã¨ããæã®ããã«ãï¼è²·åããã¦çµå¶æ¨©ãæ¡ããã¦ãã¾ãã°ãæ ªä¸»ã®ï¼ããããç¾å¨ã®æ¥æ¬ä¼æ¥ã®ãã®ãããæ¯è¼ççæçãªï¼å©çãæåªå ã«ããçµå¶ãè¡ãããããã«ãªãã¾ãããããªãã¨æ¬¡ã®ãããªã¡ãªããã»ãã¡ãªãããçãã¾ãã
ã¡ãªãã
- çµå¶å¤æã»å®è¡ãæ©ããªãå¸å ´ã®å¤åã«å¯¾å¿ãããããªãã
- (æ©ãå©çãåºããã¨ãæ±ããããã®ã§ãä¼æ¥ã®æ¦ç¥ãçµç¹ã®å¤æ´ãæ¥ãçµå¶è ãæ±ãããããããï¼
- ããå¤ãã®è³æ¬ãæã«å ¥ãããããªãã®ã§è¦æ¨¡ã®ã¡ãªãããããã«æ´»ãããããã«ãªãã
- ãåªç§ããªçµå¶è ãå¼ã°ãããããªãã®ã§ãä¼æ¥ã®å£²ä¸ã»å©çãä¸ããããããªãã
- æ¿ãã競äºã«ãããããè¯ã製åã»ãµã¼ãã¹ãããä½ä¾¡æ ¼ã§æä¾ããããããªãã
- èµ·æ¥å®¶ã»çµå¶è ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯å¤è³ããã®æè³ãåãããã£ã³ã¹ãåºããã
ãã¡ãªãã
- ãçç£æ§ãã®ä½ãæ£ç¤¾å¡ã®ãªã¹ãã©ã»éæ£è¦éç¨ãå¢å ããã
- æ°åæ ãæ¿æ¸ãããï¼ç¤¾å ã§è²ã¦ãã®ã¯éå¹çãªã®ã§ãçµé¨ãç¡ã人ã¯é¿ããããã«ãªãããã)
- 人件費ã«ããã«ããä¾¡æ ¼ç«¶äºãæ¿ãããªãã®ã§ãé©åãªååé ãããªããã°ãããã¬ã¹ãã¤ã©ã«ãå éããã(注)
- 社å¡ã®åºå ¥ããæ¿ãããªãã社å¡ã®é·æã«æ¸¡ãç®èº«çãªè²¢ç®ãæå¾ ã§ãã«ãããªãã
ã©ã¡ãã¨ãè¨ãåããªãå¤å
- éç¨ã®æµåæ§ãé«ããè¦å ã«ã¯ãªãããããã¯TPPã¨ã¯å¥ã®æ³æ¹æ£ã®æ¹ã主è¦å ã«ãªãã
- æ¢åã®ä¼æ¥ã«ããã社å ãã³ãã£ã¼ãç 究éçºã¯é·æçã§å¤§ããªæåãç®æãã¥ãããªãããã®ãããªåéºçãªäºæ¥ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããã«æ°è¦ã®ç¬èªãã³ãã£ã¼ä¼æ¥ã§è¡ãããå¾ã«å¤§ä¼æ¥ã«è²·å(M&A)ããããããªå½¢ã«è¿ã¥ãå¯è½æ§ãé«ãã
(注ï¼å½é競äºåã®ããä¼æ¥ã ããçãæ®ããä»ã®ä¼æ¥ã¯è¡°éããã®ã§å¾ãããåå ¥ã®åå¸ã¯åã£ã¦ãã¾ããã¾ãä¼æ¥ã®æ¥ç¸¾ã伸ã³ã¦ããã®å¢å åã®å©çã®å¤§åã¯æ ªä¸»ãä¼æ¥ã®è²¯èï¼å é¨çä¿ï¼ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã®ã§ãããã§ãåå ¥ã®åå¸ã®åããå¢ãã¾ããããã«ããå²é«ã ã質ã®é«ãå½ç£è£½åããµã¼ãã¹ãè³¼å ¥ããä¸é層ãããã«æ¸ããå éæ¸å°ã®å¾åã«æè»ãããããé«æå¾ã»é«è³ç£å±¤ã¯ä¸å®é¡ä»¥ä¸ã¯æè³éç¨ããã貯èããã®ã§æ¶è²»ã¯åå ¥ã®å²ã«ã¯ä¼¸ã³ãªãï¼ï¼æ¶è²»æ§åãä½ãï¼ããããã£ã¦ããã®åã£ãåå¸ãæ¯æ£ãããããªç¨å¶ã社ä¼ä¿éã§å©çãååé ããªãéãå éï¼ã®ä¸ã®å人æ¶è²»ï¼ã¯æ¸ãã¾ãããããããã®ãããªååé ã®è¨ç»ã¯ããã¾ããï¼éã«éç°å é£ã¯æ³äººç¨ãæ¸ç¨ãã¦æå¾ç¨ã»æ¶è²»ç¨ãå¢ç¨ãããã¨ãã¦ãã¾ãï¼ãTPPã«ãã£ã¦è¦è¾¼ããGDPã®æé·çã®å½±é¿ã¯é«ãã®çµç£çã®è©¦ç®ã§ã10å¹´å¾ã«1.5%ç¨åº¦ï¼ãããEUã¨ä¸å½ã¨FTAãçµã¹ãã¨ããä»®å®ã§ï¼ã¨ä»å¾10å¹´éã«èµ·ããããäºæ ã®ä¸ç¢ºå®ããèæ ®ããã¨èª¤å·®ã®ç¯å²å ã§ããï¼è©³ããã¯この資料ã®p.22ãã覧ãã ããã)ãããã£ã¦ãTPPã¸ã®åå ã«ãã£ã¦ä¼æ¥çµå¶ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åã«è¿ã¥ãã°ãä»ã®ï¼éèç·©åããªãï¼æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããã¬ã¹ãã¤ã©ã«ãå éããå¯è½æ§ãé«ãã§ãã
ãã®ããã«ãã競äºåã®ããä¼æ¥ã®çµå¶è ãããè½åãé«ãã¦éç¨ãç¶æã§ããå´åè ãã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ã¡ãªããã¯å¤ãã®ã§ãããããã§ãªãä¼æ¥çµå¶è ãå´åè ã¯åç£ã»å¤±æ¥ã»æ¸çµ¦ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãããã«å¢ããã®ã§ãã¡ãªãããå¤ããªãã¾ããï¼ãããå ¨ä½ã®ãã¤ã大ãããªãã¨ããè¦è¾¼ã¿ããã¾ãããã¾ãããï¼å½ç¶ãã®ãããªç¶æ³ã好ã¾ãããã©ããã¯è³å¦ä¸¡è«ã«åããã¾ããï¼å人ã¬ãã«ã¨çµæ¸å ¨ä½ã®ä¸¡æ¹ã®è¦³ç¹ãããï¼ã¤ã¾ãTPPã«åå ããã¹ããã©ããã¨ããé¸æã¯è¨ãæããã°ãç¾å¨ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããã«æ ªä¸»å©çåªå ã®å¸å ´åçåï¼ã¢ã³ã°ããµã¯ã½ã³åï¼è³æ¬ä¸»ç¾©ãè¯ãã®ããæ¥æ¬ã®ããã«ç¤¾å¡ã»æ¶è²»è ã»ç¤¾ä¼ãªã©å ¨ã¦ã®å©å®³é¢ä¿è ã®å©çãèæ ®ããã©ã¤ã³åè³æ¬ä¸»ç¾©ã®ã©ã¡ããè¯ãã®ããã¨ããé¸æã§ãããã®ã§ãã
ãã¡ãããã®äºã¤ã¯ä¸¡æ¥µã表ãã¦ãã¦ãæ£è§£ã¯ãã®ä¸éã«ããäºã¯è¨ãã¾ã§ãããã¾ãããåè ã®å¼å®³ãéçã¯2008å¹´ã®ãªã¼ãã³ã·ã§ãã¯ãç¾å¨é²è¡å½¢ã§é²ãã§ããã®ãªã·ã£å±æ©ãªã©ã®ã½ããªã³ã·ã§ãã¯ã»ããã¦ç¾å¨ã®Occupy Wall Streetéåã«è±¡å¾´ãããçµæ¸æ ¼å·®ã«è¦ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããã¾ããå¾è ã®å¼å®³ã¯é©æ°çãªæ°äºæ¥ãæã¡åºãã«ããè¥ãåãæ´»èºãã«ããç¾å¨ã®æ¥æ¬ã®ç¶æ³ã«è¦ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããã§ãããããã®å½ã¨æ代ãã¨ã«é©ããé åãããã¯ããªã®ã§ãã
ãããTPPãç· çµãããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦ã¢ã¡ãªã«åã«æ¥éã«è¿ã¥ãã¦ããã®ããããã¨ãå°éãªæ³æ¹æ£ã«ããå¾ã ã«åè¡¡ç¹ãæ¢ã£ã¦ããã®ããã¨ããé¸æãTPPåå ã®é¸æã®æ¬è³ªã®ä¸ã¤ãªã®ã§ãããã®ãããªèªèã¯æªã ã«ãã¹ã³ãã§ã¯ãªããã¦ãã¾ãããããããä¸ã§æ å ±ãå¾ã¦ãã人éã®éã§ãããã»ã©æµ¸éãã¦ãã¾ãããã¾ããã®ãããªçµæ¸å¶åº¦å ¨ä½ã®è¯ãæªãã¨ã¯å¥ã«ãå人ã¬ãã«ã§ã¯å¤§éã®å¤±æ¥ãï¼ãã®æè³ã¨éèã®ã«ã¼ã«ã®å¤æ´ã ãã§ãï¼åºãã¨ãããªã¹ã¯ãå¿ãã¦ã¯ããã¾ããã
æ¿åºããã¹ã³ãã¯ãTPPã¸ã®äº¤æ¸åå ããã¦å çã®æ¯éãå½æ°ã«åãåã«ããã®ãããªèªèã¨ããã«å¿ è¦ãªæ å ±ãå½æ°ã«æ示ãã¦ãå½æ°çã³ã³ã»ã³ãµã¹ãå¾ã¦ãã交æ¸ã«è¨ãå¿ è¦ãããã§ããããçããã«ããã®ãããªå¯è½æ§ãè¸ã¾ããä¸ã§ãTPPã®æ¯éã«ã¤ãã¦èãã»èªã£ã¦ããã ãããã¨æãã¾ãã(æåå³åã§ããã「TPPについて0から学ぶためのオンライン資料のまとめ」上の資料ã¯ããåºçºç¹ã«ãªãã¨æãã¾ãã)
ä»åã®è¨äºã§ã¯TPPã®åå ï¼ï¼èªç±å¸å ´åï¼ã«ã¯è¯ãé¢ã¨æªãé¢ã®ä¸¡æ¹ãããã¨ããçµè«ã«ãªãã¾ããããããã¯TPPã§å¯¾è±¡ã«ãªãããå ¨ã¦ã®ç£æ¥ã«ãã¦ã¯ã¾ãäºã§ã¯ããã¾ãããä¸ã§ãå ¬å ±æ§ã®é«ãäºæ¥ã§ããå»çã¯ä¾å¤ã§ãã次åã¯TPPãæ¥æ¬ã®å ¬çå»çå¶åº¦ã«ä¸ããå¼å®³ã«ã¤ãã¦è©³ãã解説ããäºå®ã§ãã