0. ã¯ããã«
ãæ¬ç¨¿ã§ã¯ããã¡ã¤ãã«ãã¡ã³ã¿ã¸ã¼ï¼ä»¥ä¸ãFFãã¨ç¥è¨ããï¼ãã·ãªã¼ãºã«ãããéæ³åã«å¯¾ããå½¢æ è«çãªè¦³ç¹ããã®è¨è¿°ã»åæãããã³ä»ã·ãªã¼ãºã¨ã®å¯¾ç §ç 究ã®æºåã¨ãã¦ãããã¤ãã®ç¾è±¡ã®æ´çãè¡ããç 究ã®æ¹åæ§ãåºæ¬å§¿å¢ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä¸è¨æè«ãåç §ããããã
ãå½åã¯ããç¨åº¦ã®åæã¨ã¨ãã«å ¬éããäºå®ã§ãã£ãããããã©ã´ã³ã¯ã¨ã¹ãï¼ä»¥ä¸ãDQãï¼ãã·ãªã¼ãºã®åªæåã¨éã£ã¦é³é»è«çãªè°è«ãè¡ãå¿ è¦ããããçè ä¸äººã§ã¯åæã«æéããããã¨å¤æãããããã²ã¨ã¾ãåºæ¬çãªè¨è¿°ãã¾ã¨ãã¦ãããã¨ã¨ããã
1. 対象ã¨æ¹æ³
1.1. è¨è¿°å¯¾è±¡
ãFFã·ãªã¼ãº1-9ã®éæ³åã対象ã¨ãããéæ³ï¼åï¼ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä¸è¨ã®ãã¼ã¸ãåèã«ããã
1-9ã¾ã§ã対象ã¨ããçç±ã¯ãçè
ã8ãé¤ã1-7ããã³9ã®ãã¬ã¤çµé¨ããããã¨ãè³æ1ã1-9ã¾ã§ã対象ã¨ãã¦ãããã¨ãªã©ã便å®çãªã¨ããã大ãããã·ãªã¼ãºã«ãã£ã¦ã©ã®éæ³ãæ¡ç¨ããã¦ãããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯éãããããã®ã®ãå½¢æ
æ³ãæ¥è¾ã®ç¨®é¡ã«ããã»ã©å¤§ããªå¤åããªããã¨ã幸ããããè¤æ°ã®ã·ãªã¼ãºãåãä¸ããããç¾æç¹ã§ã¯åºæ¬çãªè¨è¿°ãä¸è¶³ãã¦ãããããéæçãªè¦³ç¹ããã®èå¯ã¯æ¥µåè¡ããªããã¨ã¨ãããã¾ããå¿
è¦ã«å¿ãã¦ä¸è¨ä»¥å¤ã®ã·ãªã¼ãºã«åºã¦ããéæ³åã«ãè¨åãããã¨ãããã
1.2. å½¢æ
å¤åã«é¢ããç´ æ§
ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ãDQã·ãªã¼ãºã§ç¨ãã以ä¸ã®ãã®ãææ³çç´ æ§ã¨ãã¦ç¨ããï¼è©³ç´°ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯上記のエントリãåç
§ï¼ã
- ã対象ãï¼å¤ã¨ãã¦ã¯[+åä½][+ã°ã«ã¼ã][+å ¨ä½]ãªã©
- ãå¨åãï¼å¤ã¨ãã¦ã¯[+å¢][+æ¸][+å°][+ä¸][+大][+æ大]ãªã©
ä¾ï¼ãã¡ã¤ã©ã対象[æªæå®]ããå¨å[+ä¸]ã
ãDQã·ãªã¼ãºã¨ã®å¤§ããªéãã¯ãFFã·ãªã¼ãºã«ããã¦ã¯ããããã®éæ³ã®ç³»åã«ãã£ã¦å¯¾è±¡ã®å¤ãæå®ããã¦ããã¨ãããã¨ãå°ãªãï¼å¯¾è±¡ã®ç¯å²ãä»»æã«å¤åããããã¨ãã§ããï¼ã¨ããç¹ã§ããããããã©ã®ããã«æãããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ããã¤ãã®å¯è½æ§ãããããããã§ã¯ç°¡ä¾¿ã®ããç´ æ§ã[æªæå®]ã¨ãã¦ããã
ãFFã·ãªã¼ãºã«ããã¦ããåç³»åã«ããåªæã®å½¢æ
å¤åã¯ä»ã®æ®µéã®å½¢æ
å¤åãå«ã¾ãªããã¨ãã»ã¨ãã©ã§ããããã¨ãã°ãããã¡ã¤ã¬ãå¨å[+大]ããã¯å½¢æ
ä¸ã¯ããã¡ã¤ã©ããçµã¦ããããã§ã¯ãªããåºæ¬å½¢ã®ããã¡ã¤ã¢ãã«æ¥å°¾è¾ãã¬ããä»ããã¨ã§ç´æ¥å¾ãããã
1.3. èªå¹¹ã®ç¯å²ã¨è¡¨è¨
ãèªå¹¹ã¯ä¸è¨æè«ã¨åæ§ãèªå½¢å士ã®å·®ç°ããåãåºããã¨ã®ã§ããæ¥è¾é¡ãé¤ããæ大ã®é¨åãã¨ããããªã便å®ä¸ãå¿
è¦ãããå ´åã«ã®ã¿ãã¼ãå表è¨ãç¨ãããã以å¤ã¯çä»®å表è¨ã¨ãããèªå¹¹ã®èªå®ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯DQã·ãªã¼ãºã«ã¯ãªãã£ãåé¡ãããããããã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ä¸è¨ã®æ¥è¾ã«é¢ããè°è«ã«ããã¦è¿°ã¹ãã
ã以ä¸ãå½¢æ
ã®å¢çã表ãéã¯ã-ããé³ç¯ã®å¢çã表ãéã«ã¯ã.ããç¨ããããå¿
è¦ããªãå ´åã«ã¯è¡¨è¨ããªããã¨ãããã®ã§æ³¨æããããã
2. æ¥è¾ã¨èªå¹¹
ãFFã·ãªã¼ãºã®éæ³åã¯ãDQã·ãªã¼ãºã®åªæåã«æ¯ã¹ãã¨ãé常ã«çç£çã»è¦åçãªæ¥è¾ç¾¤ãæã¤ããããããããã«DQã·ãªã¼ãºã«ã¯è¦ãããªãèå³æ·±ãæ¯ãèãã¨åé¡ãåå¨ããããã§ããã
2.1. åºæ¬çãªå±ææ¥è¾ï¼inflectional affixï¼ï¼ã-ã©ãã-ããã-ã¬ã
ã ææ³ç´ æ§ãå¨åãã®å¤ãå¤åãããå ´åã¯ãå¤ãããããã®æ¥è¾ã«ãããã®ã§ãããã»ã¨ãã©ã®å ´åæ¥å°¾è¾ã¨ãã¦ç¾ããï¼å ·ä½ä¾ã¯2.2ãåç §ããããï¼ã
- ã-ã©ããå¨å[+ä¸]ã
- ã-ãããå¨å[+大]ã
- ã-ã¬ããå¨å[+æ大]ã
ããã£ã¢ãã«ä»ãå ´åã¯
- ãã£ã¢ãã¢-ãã£ã¢ãã-ãã£ã¢ãã¬-ãã£ã¢
ã¨ãã£ãããã«æ¥é è¾ã¨ãã¦ç¾ãããã ãå¨å[+ä¸]ãã«å¯¾å¿ããå½¢æ ããã¢-ãã¨ãªã£ã¦ãããæ¥å°¾è¾ã®ãã¿ã¼ã³ã¨å®å ¨ã«å¯¾ç§°çã«ã¯ãªã£ã¦ããªããã¡ãªã¿ã«ãã®æ¥é è¾ãã¢-ãã¯
- ã¬ã¤ãºãã¢-ã¬ã¤ãº
ã®ãã¿ã¼ã³ã«ãç¾ãããã®ã¨ã®é¢ä¿æ§ãèå³æ·±ãã
ãããä¸ã¤ç°ãªãæ¯ãèããããã®ã¯ããã¼ã«ãç³»åã§ã
- ãã¼ã«ããã¼-ã©ãã©-ãã¼-ã©
ã¨ããå½¢æ
å¤åãè¦ããã ãå¨å[+ä¸]ãã®å½¢æã§ã¯æ¥å°¾è¾ä»å ããå¨å[+ï¼æï¼å¤§]ãã®å½¢æã¯ããã«ããã«æ¥é è¾ãä»å ãããã®ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãããä¸è¿°ããæ°å°ãªãä¸ã¤åã®æ®µéã®èªå½¢ãè¸ã¾ããå½¢æã«ãªã£ã¦ããã
ãã¾ãããããã®æ¥è¾ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªé層ãããã¨èããããã
(1) ãå¨åãæ¥è¾ã®é層ï¼ã¬â§ã©ï¼ã
ããã¯ã ãå¨åãã«é¢ããæ¥è¾ã®åºç¾ã¯ããã®å¤ã®å¼·å¼±ã®é ã§ã¯ãªããã®é層ã«å¾ã£ã¦ããã¨ãããã¨ã§ããããã¨ãã°ãããã¬ã¤ã¯ãã®ç³»åã«ä¸æ®µéå¼·åãªå±æå½¢ãå ããå ´å㯠ãå¨åãã®å¤ãæãå°ãããã©ããä»å ããããã¬ã¯-ã©ããå½¢æãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããã¬ã¯-ã¬ããç¾ããã¨ããç¾è±¡ãè¦ãããããã©ãããã¬ãããåªå
çã«ç¾ãããã¨ãããã®ã§ããã§ã¯ãâ§ããç¨ãã¦ããããããã¯æããã«ãã©ããã¬ãã®æ¬¡ã«ä½¿ç¨ãããå¾åãããããã§ããã
2.2. èªå¹¹ã®ç¯å²ã¨å¤å
ãä¸è¨ã®æ¥è¾èªä½ã¯é常ã«è¦åçã«æ¯ãèãã®ã§ããããä¸æ¹ã§èªå¹¹ã®æ¯ãèãã¯ããã«æ¯ã¹ã¦è¤éã«è¦ããã
ãã¾ããåºæ¬çãªè¦åã¨ãã¦
(2) ï¼æ¥è¾ãä»å ããå ´åãå«ãã¦ï¼èªå½¢å
¨ä½ã®åºåã4ã¢ã¼ã©ãè¶
ãã¦ã¯ãªããªãã
ã¨ãããã®ãããã¨æ¨å¯ãããã
ããã¯ã
- ããªã¶ããããªã¶-ã©ãããªã¶-ã¬
- ãµã³ãã¼ããµã³ã-ã©ããµã³ã-ã¬
- ã°ã©ãã ãã°ã©ã-ã©ãã°ã©ã-ã¬
- ã¯ã¨ã¤ã¯ãã¯ã¨ã¤-ã©ãã¯ã¨ã¤-ã¬
- ãã¬ã¤ã¯ããã¬ã¯-ã¬
çã«è¦ãããããã«ãèªå¹¹ã4ã¢ã¼ã©ã®å ´åèªå¹¹æ«ã®1ã¢ã¼ã©ãåé¤ããæ¥è¾ãä»å ãããã¨ããç¾è±¡ãåºç¯ã«è¦³å¯ããããã¨ããããããç¾ããªããªãèªå¹¹æ«é³ã®ç¨®é¡ã«å
±éæ§ã¯è¦åããããªããããèªå¹¹ãè¤æ°ã®å½¢æ
ãããªãã¨èããããã¯ãåé¤ã¨èããæ¹ãè¯ãã§ãããã
ãããã¬ã¤ã¯ãâããã¬ã¯-ã¬ãã§ã¯äºéæ¯é³ã®2ã¢ã¼ã©ç®ã®åé¤ãèµ·ãã¦ãããå¤æ¥èªã®è¤åèªç縮ï¼ä¾ï¼ãµã¦ã³ããã©ãã¯âãµã³ãã©ï¼ãæãèµ·ããããããã両è
ã«å
±éæ§ãããã®ã§ããã°ã ãå¨åãã«ããå½¢æ
å¤åããå±æãã§ããå¯è½æ§ã«ã¤ãã¦ãèãç´ãå¿
è¦ãåºã¦ããå¯è½æ§ãããã
ããã¦ãåé¡ã¯ãèªå¹¹ã3ã¢ã¼ã©ã®å ´åã§ãããããã«ã¯2ã¤ã®ãã¿ã¼ã³ãããã
- èªå¹¹ã«ãã®ã¾ã¾æ¥è¾ãä»å
- ã±ã¢ã«ãã±ã¢ã«-ã©ãã±ã¢ã«-ããã±ã¢ã«-ã¬
- ã¨ã¢ããã¨ã¢ã-ã©ãã¨ã¢ã-ã¬
ãã®ãã¿ã¼ã³ã¯(2)ã®å¶ç´ã«å¾ã£ã¦ããããããã次ã®ãããªä¾ãè¦åããããã
- èªå¹¹æ«é³ã®åé¤ãé³é»å¤åãèµ·ãã
- ãã¡ã¤ã¢ããã¡ã¤-ã©ããã¡ã¤-ã¬
- ã¦ã©ã¼ã¿ãã¦ã©ã¿-ã©ãã¦ã©ã¿-ã¬
ãããã®å½¢æã¯æ¥è¾ããã®ã¾ã¾ä»å ãã¦ããåºåå½¢ã4ã¢ã¼ã©ä»¥ä¸ãã¨ããå¶ç´ã«ã¯æµè§¦ããªãã«ãé¢ããããèªå¹¹æ«é³ã®åé¤ãèªä¸ã®ç¹æ®æã®åé¤ãèµ·ãã£ã¦ããã
ã以ä¸ã®2ã¤ã®ãã¿ã¼ã³ãã©ã®ããã«æããã°ããã®ãç¾æç¹ã§è¯ãåææ³ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããããã¨ãã°ããã¡ã¤ã¢ãç³»åã§ã¯èªå¹¹æ«é³ã¨æ¥è¾ã®æ¯é³ãåä¸ã§ããç¹ãªã©ãåã
ã®èªå¹¹ã®å½¢æ
çãé³é»çç¹å¾´ãç´°ããè¦ãå¿
è¦ãããã®ãããããªãã
2.3. ããµã³ã¬ã¼ãã¨ããµã³ãã¬ã
ãããµã³ãã¼ãã®ã¬å½¢ã¯ã·ãªã¼ãº1ã§ã¯ããµã³ã¬ã¼ãã¨ãªã£ã¦ãããããããã¯ã(2)ã®å¶ç´ã«å¾ã£ãçµæã§ããã¨èããããããã©ã®ããã«ãã®åºåå½¢ã«ãªãã®ãã¨ãããã¨ãèããã®ã¯é£ããã
ãã¾ãèªå½¢æã®é©ç¨ç¯å²ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ããèªå¹¹æ«ã®ã¢ã¼ã©ãã§ã¯ãªããèªå¹¹æ«ã®é³ç¯ãã§ããã¨èããã°ãsan.daaãã®ãdaaãã対象ã«ãªãã®ã§èªå¹¹ããµã³ãã¼ãã«ã®ã¿ãã®ãããªå¤ãã£ãç¾è±¡ãè¦ããããã¨ãããç¨åº¦æãããããå½¢æ
ã®å¯¾å¿ã ããè¦ãã¨ããããããã¬ãã¸ã®é³å¤åã¨ããå¯è½æ§ãæãã¤ããããã¬ãã¯å
¨ã¦æ¥è¾ã§ããã¨ããå
±éæ§ãä¿æããããã«ã¯ãããµã³ãã¬ã¼ãã¨ãã£ãä¸éå½¢ãè¨å®ããæ¯é³ã®å
±éæ§ã«ãã縮ç´ãªã©ãèããæ¹ãããã®ãããããªã*1ãããããã®å ´åãæ¥ä¸è¾çãªæ¯ãèãã追å ã§æ³å®ããããå¾ãªãã
2.4. æ´¾çæ¥è¾
ãFFã·ãªã¼ãºã§èå³æ·±ãç¹å¾´ã®1ã¤ã«ãè¦åçãªæ´¾çæ¥è¾ï¼derivational affixï¼ãè¦ãããã¨ããç¹ãæãããããããªãã¡ãæ¥è¾ã®ä»å ã«ãã£ã¦ææ³ç´ æ§ãå¤åããã®ã§ã¯ãªãèªå½å 容ï¼âéæ³ã®å¹æï¼ãå¤ããã®ã§ããã代表çãªãã®ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®2ã¤ã§ããã
- ã-ã+対æãï¼ã-ãã¡ã¤ãã-ãµã³ããã-ã³ã«ããã-ã¦ã©ã¿ãã-ãã¸ã¯ãã-ãªã«
- -ãã+æ²»çãï¼ï¼ã¨ã¹-ãï¼ãã¹ã-ãããã¤ã¾-ãããã©ã¤-ãããã¹-ã
ä»ã«ããããªã¢ãã-ããªã¢ãããã¢ã¹ãã«ãr-asupiruãã®ãã¢ãåè£ã¨ãã¦èãããããã¾ããã·ãªã¼ãº11 ã«ç»å ´ããããå±æ§ä»ä¸ãã®ç¹å¾´ãæã¤ãã¨ã³-ããæ°ã«ãªãã¨ããã§ããï¼ä¾ï¼ã¨ã³-ããªã¶ï¼ã
2.5. å±æã¨æ´¾çã®é
ãå±æãªã®ãæ´¾çãªã®ãå¤æãé£ãããã®ã¨ãã¦ãã¬ã¤ãºãç³»åãæããããã
- ã¬ã¤ãºãã¢-ã¬ã¤ãºããª-ã¬ã¤ãº
å
¨ä½ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãã¿ã¼ã³ã«ãªã£ã¦ããããã«è¦åãããããããã¬ã¤ãºãâãã¢-ã¬ã¤ãºã㯠ãå¨åãã®å¤ã®å¤åã¨ãã¦ããããª-ã¬ã¤ãºãã¯æ´¾çã¨ãã¦æããæ¹ãè¯ãããã§ããã
ãå½¢æ
è«ã«ããã¦ã¯ããããå±æã¨æ´¾çã«æ確ãªç·ãå¼ãããã¨ãããã¨èªä½ã大ããªåé¡ã®1ã¤ã§ããããFFã·ãªã¼ãºã®éæ³åã¯ãã®è°è«ããè¦ã¦ãé¢ç½ãã
3. è£å æ³
ãFF ã·ãªã¼ãºã®éæ³åã«ãããå½¢æ çç¹å¾´ã¨ãã¦ããä¸ã¤èå³æ·±ããã®ããè£å æ³ï¼suppletionï¼ã®åå¨ã§ããã è£å æ³ã¨ã¯ âgood-better-best"ã®ããã«ãå½¢æ å¤åã®éã«å½¢æ ã®ä¸é¨ï¼ããã§ã¯èªå¹¹é¨åï¼ãåºæ¬çãªå½¢æ ã¨ããªãç°ãªããã®ã«ç½®ãæãã£ã¦ãã¾ãç¾è±¡ã®ãã¨ã§ããã以ä¸ã®2ã¤ãæ確ãªä¾ã§ããã
- ããªã¶ãï¼ã-ã³ã«ãï¼Ãã-ããªã¶ï¼
- ãã¬ã¤ã¯ï¼ã¹ã-ãï¼Ããã¬ã¯-ãï¼
ç¹ã«ãã-ã³ã«ããã¯ã·ãªã¼ãº11, 13ã§ã¯è¦åçãªå½¢æã§ãããã-ããªã¶ããç¾ãã¦ãããéæçã«è¦ã¦ãé¢ç½ãã
ãèªå½¢å
¨ä½ã«ããè£å
æ³ã®å¯è½æ§ããããã®ã¨ãã¦
- ãã¤ãºã³ï¼ãã¤ãª
- ã³ã¡ããï¼ã¡ããª
ã®ãã¢ãèããããããããããåç³»åãªã®ãæ¤è¨ããå¿
è¦ããããç¹ã«ããã¤ãªãã¯ã·ãªã¼ãºã«ãã£ã¦ã¯ããã¤ãª-ã©ãããã¤ãª-ã¬ãã¨ããè¦åçãªå½¢æãè¦ãããã¨ãããã®ã§æ³¨æãå¿
è¦ã§ããã
ãè£å
æ³ã«é¢ãã¦ã¯å°éçã§ã¯ãããä¸è¨ã®ã¨ã³ããªãåç
§ããããã
4. ãããã«
ã以ä¸ãé常ã«ç°¡åã«ã§ã¯ãããFFã·ãªã¼ãºã®éæ³åã«ã¤ãã¦ãå½¢æ
å¤åã¨æ¥è¾ãä¸å¿ã«åºæ¬çãªè¨è¿°ã試ã¿ããåãä¸ãããã¨ã®ã§ããªãã£ãéæ³åãå¤ããè¨è¿°é¢ã«éã£ã¦ãã¾ã æ´çã®ä½å°ã大ãã«ãããã¾ããè¨èªç 究ã®ä¸ã§ã©ã®ãããªåé¡ãæèµ·ããã®ããå
è¡ç 究ã¨çµ¡ããå½¢ã§ç¤ºããã¨ãã§ãã¦ããããç 究ãã¼ãã¨ãã¦ã課é¡ãæ®ãã¨ããã§ããã
ãFFã·ãªã¼ãºã¯DQã·ãªã¼ãºã¨æ¯è¼ããã¨æ¥è¾ã®æ¯ãèããªã©è¦åçãªé¢ãå¤ãè¦ãããããè¦åçã ããããèªå¹¹ã®å¤åãè£å
æ³ãªã©ã®åé¡ãæµ®ã彫ãã«ãªããDQã·ãªã¼ãºã®åªæåã¨éã£ãé
åããããä»å¾ã®ç 究ã®å±éã«æå¾
ãããã
追è¨ï¼2015/09/30ï¼
ãã¯ã¦ãã®ã³ã¡ã³ãã«ãçãããå½¢ã§å°ãè£è¶³ãæ¸ãã¾ããã
*1:ãã®ããã«èããã¨ãããã¡ã¤ã¢ãç³»åã¨ã®å ±éæ§ãè¦ãã¦ããã