CHAPTER 1

 Question 1
1 out of 1 points

Educators who believe that learning is the result of stimulus and response actions
subscribe
to a theory known as:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: behaviorism
 Question 2
1 out of 1 points

Wendy’s mother taught her to knit and crochet and she knew many stitches. Because she
had
a great deal of experience, Wendy could now learn new stitches easily in a process of:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: assimilation
 Question 3
1 out of 1 points

Ten year old Julie usually enjoyed reading books in the Magic Tree House series.
Today,
however, the teacher required Julie to complete a worksheet as she read. To complete
the
worksheet, Julie was forced to read:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: efferently
 Question 4
0 out of 1 points

Jason could not read the Harry Potter books independently but his reading tutor found
that he
could easily discuss and enjoy these books if she helped him with the more difficult
vocabulary and guided his comprehension. For Jason, the task of reading the Harry
Potter
books was:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: within the zone of proximal development
 Question 5
1 out of 1 points

In the English language, there are approximately:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: 44 speech sounds
 Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The word bookcases contains:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: three morphemes
 Question 7
1 out of 1 points

When he rides the schoolbus, Tommy engages in casual conversation with his friends.
He
uses more formal language when he gives oral reports in the classroom. Tommy’s
ability to
use appropriate language in each situation shows his understanding of the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: pragmatic system
 Question 8
1 out of 1 points

Six year old Carmen is learning to speak English and often makes statements such as “I
have
a pen blue” instead of “I have a blue pen”. That type of error shows that Carmen is
having
difficulty with the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: syntactic system
 Question 9
1 out of 1 points

Shared writing differs from modeling because in shared writing:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: students contribute to the writing activity
 Question 10
1 out of 1 points

Texts used for guided reading instruction should be written at the students’:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: instructional level
 Question 11
1 out of 1 points

During guided reading instruction, students usually work in:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: homogeneous ability groups
 Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Commercially produced reading programs which typically include a student’s textbook,
accompanying workbook, supplemental instructional materials, and teacher’s guide are
known as:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: basal reading programs
 Question 13
1 out of 1 points

As a new sixth grade teacher was selecting books for his classroom library, an
experienced
teacher correctly advised him that students within a typical classroom:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: read at a wide range of levels
 Question 14
0 out of 1 points

Schools are designing family literacy programs for parents who are not fluent readers
and
writers and for those who are learning English as an additional language. Family literacy
programs in which cultural differences in reading and writing development are regarded
as
strengths rather than weaknesses reflect the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: wealth model
 Question 15
1 out of 1 points

Theorists such as Piaget explained that students’ knowledge is organized into cognitive
structures or files in mental filing cabinets known as:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: schemata
 Question 16
0 out of 1 points

Theorists such as Louise Rosenblatt have explained that students don’t try to figure out
the
author’s meaning as they read; instead, they negotiate a meaning that makes sense to
them
based on the words they are reading and their existing knowledge. The work of these
theorists reflects:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: reader response theory
 Question 17
1 out of 1 points
John McFadden has just graduated from college and will begin his first year as a teacher
in
September. Experienced educators have correctly told him that teachers experience the
most
success when they:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: take the first 2 weeks of the school year to establish the classroom
community
 Question 18
1 out of 1 points

Students usually feel comfortable, safe, and more willing to take risks when:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: the classroom environment is predictable with familiar routines
 Question 19
1 out of 1 points

Teachers can serve as a model of fluent reading by:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: reading aloud to students
 Question 20
1 out of 1 points

After a visit to the zoo, first grade teacher Kate Sutton helped her students write about
their
experiences on large chart paper. The teacher wrote some words and the students took
turns
adding words which they could write. This teacher and her students used a practice
known
as:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: Sharing the Pen
 Question 21
1 out of 1 points

Third grade teacher Gene Brady noticed that his students had difficulty using
comprehension
strategies. Of the following, the most effective way for this teacher to help his students
would be to:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: provide minilessons and model comprehension strategies
 Question 22
1 out of 1 points
When a class is engaged in a literature focus unit:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: every student reads the same book
 Question 23
1 out of 1 points

Students usually have more opportunities to work independently, select their reading
material, set personal schedules, and collaborate with classmates when they participate
in:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: reading workshop
 Question 24
1 out of 1 points

Effective teachers use formal and informal assessment measures primarily to:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: modify their instruction and reteach when necessary
 Question 25
1 out of 1 points

A balanced literacy program integrating components such as reading, writing, oral

language,
and content-area study is recommended for:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: all students
 Question 26
1 out of 1 points

During a meeting with parents, first grade teacher Ryan Catania explained that the
literacy program would not be based solely on phonics instruction. Why do many
educators feel that phonics is not a complete literacy program?
Answer

Correct
Answer Phonics, which describes the phoneme-grapheme correspondences and related
: spelling rules, is
an important part of reading instruction. Students use phonics to decode words but it
isn’t a
complete reading program because many common words can’t be decoded easily.
English is not
a purely phonetic language because there are 26 letters and 44 sounds and many
ways to
combine the letters to spell the sounds. Reading is more than just decoding and
consequently
many more components are needed to create a complete program of literacy
instruction.
 Question 27
1 out of 1 points

Teachers use informal assessment tools to monitor daily progress. List three types of
informal assessment tools that an elementary classroom teacher could use.
Answer

Correct
Answer Informal assessment tools used by elementary teachers include:
:  Observation of students as they participate in instructional activities
 Running records of students’ oral reading to analyze their ability to solve reading
problems
 Examination of students’ work
 Conferences to talk with students about their reading and writing
 Checklists to monitor students’ learning
 Rubrics to assess students’ writing
 Question 28
1 out of 1 points

A fifth grade teacher would like to begin using Literature Circles in her classroom.
List
the steps the teacher should take to organize Literature Circles.
Answer

Correct
Answer When using Literature Circles, teachers should:
: 1) Select five or six books at varying reading levels to meet the needs of all students
in the
class.
2) Give a book talk to motivate the students and to introduce the books.
3) Provide time for each student to select the book which he/she would like to read.
4) Help students form literature circles.
5) Help students plan a reading and response schedule.
6) Provide time for the literature circles to meet.
CHAPTER 2
 Question 1
1 out of 1 points

The second grade class read a book about games usually played at children’s birthday
parties.
Juan, who had recently moved to the United States, became very confused and asked
why
anyone would pin a tale on a donkey. The teacher then realized that Juan would have
difficulty reading the birthday text primarily because he lacked the necessary:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: background knowledge
 Question 2
1 out of 1 points

When children participate in literature circles:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: students set their own purposes for reading
 Question 3
1 out of 1 points

During guided reading, students should read books at their:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: instructional level
 Question 4
1 out of 1 points

Shared reading differs from reading aloud to students primarily because during shared
reading:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: students see the text as the teacher reads aloud
 Question 5
1 out of 1 points

The primary purpose of a Grand Conversation is to:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: clarify and deepen students’ understanding of a text
 Question 6
1 out of 1 points

Six year old Danny proudly read a list of words with no hesitation. Danny’s automatic
response indicated that in this situation, he was most likely using a:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: decoding skill
 Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Of the following, the best way for teachers to help their students understand and use
comprehension strategies is for the teacher to:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: model comprehension strategies as they read aloud to the class
 Question 8
1 out of 1 points

New teacher Tara Holds attended a workshop on the Writing Process in which she was
correctly told that:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: the process involves recurring cycles
 Question 9
1 out of 1 points

When engaged in the writing process, students focus upon mechanics such as
capitalization,
punctuation, and spelling when they reach the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: editing stage
 Question 10
1 out of 1 points

Of the following, the best way to assess the quality of students’ writing is to use a:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: rubric
 Question 11
1 out of 1 points

Third grade teacher Eileen Baker relies upon research findings to guide her instruction.
Research suggests that students’ reading and writing ability shows the most
improvement
when:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: reading and writing instruction are integrated
 Question 12
1 out of 1 points

A second grade student wrote a paragraph in which she varied the length of her
sentences to
express action. Her classmates applauded the flow of her writing when she read the
story
aloud. The work of this young writer showed that she:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: has developed sentence fluency
 Question 13
1 out of 1 points

Every day first grade teacher Mary Tomlin works with a small group of students who
are
reading at the same level. She selects a book at their instructional level and helps the
children apply strategies as they read. This teacher is using the instructional technique
known as:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: guided reading
 Question 14
1 out of 1 points

Sixth grade teacher Kate Kane finds that the struggling readers in her class don’t
understand
the ways in which more capable readers apply reading strategies. The principal wisely
advised that the best way to help the students become more thoughtful, strategic readers
would be for the teacher to:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: use a think-aloud to demonstrate the thought processes that more
capable readers use
 Question 15
1 out of 1 points

Problem-solving tactics that students apply as they read are known as:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: strategies
 Question 16
1 out of 1 points

When her students are engaged in the prewriting stage, fifth grade teacher Betty
McIntyre
encourages them to draw because drawing often:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: helps students organize their ideas
 Question 17
1 out of 1 points

It is most appropriate for students to seek and receive feedback on their writing during
the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: revising stage
 Question 18
1 out of 1 points

Proofreading should be taught:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: as early as first grade
 Question 19
1 out of 1 points

To help students focus upon particular types of errors in their writing, many teachers
provide:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: editing checklists
 Question 20
1 out of 1 points

Students most often set their own purposes for reading when they are given time for:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: independent reading
 Question 21
1 out of 1 points

The most authentic type of reading is:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: independent reading
 Question 22
1 out of 1 points

During shared reading, children should:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: be invited to join in the reading of predictable refrains and rhyming
words
 Question 23
1 out of 1 points

Of the following, the best way to help students understand a comprehension strategy
would
be to:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: teach a minilesson on strategy use
 Question 24
1 out of 1 points

When students engage in grand conversations, the teacher should:

Answer
Correct    
Answer: act as a participant rather than the leader
 Question 25
1 out of 1 points
During periods of shared reading, teachers should:
Answer
Correct    
Answer: encourage students to join in the reading when they feel comfortable
 Question 26
1 out of 1 points

Although the teacher felt that Susan would enjoy discussing the novel, Esperanza
Rising,
with her classmates, the student was not able to read that chapter book independently.
What steps could the teacher take to enable Susan to enjoy this novel with her
classmates?
Answer

Correct
Answer The teacher could suggest that Susan and another classmate engage in Buddy
: Reading. Buddy
reading is an enjoyable social activity that enables students to discuss books that
they may not be
able to read independently. Buddy reading is a good alternative to independent
reading, and by
working together, students are often able to figure out unfamiliar words and
confusing situations.
 Question 27
1 out of 1 points

When a parent asked why the teacher conducted daily read alouds in a fourth grade
classroom, the principal responded that reading aloud is beneficial for students of all
ages. What are the benefits of reading aloud to older students?
Answer

Correct
Answer Read-alouds are an important component of literacy instruction at all grade levels,
: not just for
young children who can’t read many books on their own. There are many benefits of
reading
aloud: introducing vocabulary, modeling comprehension strategies, and increasing
students’
motivation. As they read aloud, teachers engage students in activities rather than
postponing
student-involvement until after reading. When teachers read aloud, they model what
good
readers do and how good readers use reading strategies.
 Question 28
1 out of 1 points

A group of second grade students have been engaged in the writing process and they
have
reached the publishing stage. List three ways in which students could share their
writing
with a larger audience.
Answer

Correct
Answer Students can share their writing by:
:  Making books
 Constructing mobiles
 Reading aloud to classmates, family members, and members of the community
 Making an audiotape for the school or community library
 Contributing to a class anthology
 Submitting to a newspaper
 Displaying their writing in community areas such as a library, municipal hall or
recreation center
CHAPTER 3
 Question 1
1 out of 1 points

The concept of literacy incorporates all but which of the following ideas?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: children's readiness level
 Question 2
1 out of 1 points

Children learn concepts of print by

Answer
Correct    
Answer: both
 Question 3
1 out of 1 points

When children recognize the golden arches of "McDonald's" and they say
"McDonald's," they are becoming aware of
Answer
Correct    
Answer: environmental print.
 Question 4
1 out of 1 points

During which stage of literacy development do young children read with expression and
prefer to read silently?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: fluent
 Question 5
1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of morning messages?

Answer
Correct    
Answer: Children become fluent readers.
 Question 6
1 out of 1 points

Which of the following happens during the beginning reading and writing stage?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: Students make reasonable predictions.
 Question 7
1 out of 1 points

Second-grade students are usually in what phase of reading and writing?

Answer
Correct    
Answer: beginning
 Question 8
1 out of 1 points

Teachers use shared writing to take students' words and experiences to create and read
text. This is called
Answer
Correct    
Answer: language experience approach
 Question 9
1 out of 1 points

Your principal asks why you have included a play area that looks like a store in your
room. You tell her that playing in that center allows children to
Answer
Correct    
Answer: rehearse uses of reading and writing as they act out familiar events.
 Question 10
1 out of 1 points

A parent of an infant asks you how to best prepare his child to learn to read. You
recommend he
Answer
Correct    
Answer: sing and play rhyming games with his child.
 Question 11
1 out of 1 points

According to research, which of the following is the single most important home-based
activity for preschool children in building the knowledge required for children's eventual
success in reading?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: parents' reading aloud to children
 Question 12
1 out of 1 points

Young children are literacy learners with all but which of the following characteristics?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: Young children do not learn to read until they enter school.
 Question 13
1 out of 1 points

Students at which stage of development usually participate in literature circles?

Answer
Correct   
Answer: fluent
 Question 14
0 out of 1 points

A kindergarten teacher provides opportunities for her students to exchange messages

with classmates, to draw and write in journals, to write to parents, and to read and write
stories. She is helping students gain an understanding of
Answer
Correct    
Answer: concepts of print.
 Question 15
0 out of 1 points

Miss Gould talks to her first graders about how letters represent sounds and how letters
combine to spell words. She asks students to write capital and lowercase letters. She is
helping her students learn
Answer
Correct    
Answer: alphabetic principles.
 Question 16
1 out of 1 points

All but which of the following are examples of literacy play centers?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: restroom
 Question 17
1 out of 1 points

All but which of the following are useful routines for teaching the letters of the
alphabet?
Answer
Correct    
Answer: paper and pencil
 Question 18
1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is NOT a type of predictable book?

Answer
Correct    
Answer: poetry
 Question 19
1 out of 1 points

The 3 stages of literacy learning are:

Answer
Correct   
Answer: emergent, beginning, fluent

 Question 20
1 out of 1 points

As she rides on the bus with her parents, four-year-old Lindsey proudly reads aloud the names
of her favorite fast food restaurants and toy stores.  This act shows that Lindsey is
developing an awareness of:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:                   environmental print
 Question 21
1 out of 1 points

The goal for most educators is to help all students become fluent readers and writers by:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:                   the end of third grade

 Question 22
1 out of 1 points

Mrs. Siddel’s students love to read their favorite book, The Big Race, with their teacher
because on every page they can join in reading the phrase, “I can run, run, run as fast as
your son.” This is an example of:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: predictable text

 Question 23
1 out of 1 points

The term emergent literacy is most closely associated with:

Answer
Correct    
Answer:                   Marie Clay

 Question 24
1 out of 1 points

Every day, kindergarten teacher Doris Flack models the formation of manuscript letters on the
chalkboard.  She does this because:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:                   moving models are more effective than still models
 Question 25
1 out of 1 points

Researchers believe that when children become fluent readers their comprehension improves
primarily because:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: they recognize more words automatically and have greater cognitive energy
available for comprehension

 Question 26
1 out of 1 points

When planning a shared reading lesson, teachers most often select books that:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:                  are at the children’s interest level but too difficult for
independent reading
 Question 27
1 out of 1 points

Five year-old Natalie wrote, “The littel babe bird sid helo.”  Natalie’s sentence contained
examples of:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: invented spellings
 Question 28
1 out of 1 points

An instructional practice in which student's dictate sentences to the teacher is:

Answer
Correct   
Answer: Language Experience Approach
 Question 29
1 out of 1 points

First grade teacher David Scott put an enlarged picture book on an easel and pointed to each
word as he read aloud to his students.  Mr. Scott was using:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: a big book

 Question 30
1 out of 1 points

Children and their teacher create a text together and “share the pen” as they write the text on
chart paper when they are engaged in:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: interactive writing
 Question 31
1 out of 1 points

Young children often dictate sentences for their teachers to write on chart paper.  When
transcribing a young child’s sentences, reading theorists advise teachers to:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: keep editing to a minimum to validate the child’s language

 Question 32
1 out of 1 points

      Researchers now believe that:

Answer
Correct    
Answer:                  children’s reading and writing abilities develop
concurrently
 Question 33
0 out of 1 points
      Literacy teachers place their instructional emphasis on decoding and recognizing words
when students are in the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:  beginning stage of reading and writing
c)     
 Question 34
1 out of 1 points

Fluent readers usually have a reading rate of :

Answer
Correct    
Answer: 100 words or more per minute
 Question 35
1 out of 1 points

      During the emergent stage of literacy acquisition, children usually:

Answer
Correct   
Answer: a)      acquire concepts about
print
b)     
 Question 36
1 out of 1 points

      Researchers have found that young emergent readers:

Answer
Correct   
Answer: depend on context to read familiar words
 Question 37
1 out of 1 points

      It is most effective for educators to begin teaching letters of the alphabet by using:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:  children’s own names and environmental print
d)    
 Question 38
1 out of 1 points

A good predictor of future reading success is the ability to:

Answer
Correct    
Answer:                   identify letters of the alphabet
 Question 39
1 out of 1 points

Of the following, the strongest reason for engaging young children in shared reading
experiences is to help them develop:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: concepts about words
 Question 40
1 out of 1 points

Children first gain an understanding of the communicative purpose of print during the:
Answer
Correct    
Answer:                   emergent stage
 Question 41
0 out of 1 points

First grade teacher Mary Kay would like to explain her program of traveling bags of books to
her students’ parents.  The most effective way to explain the program to parents would be
to:
Answer
Correct   
Answer: explain the program at a parent-teacher meeting

OK
OK