後退論證
閱讀設定
呢篇文 需要熟悉呢方面嘅人幫手寫。 |
概論
[編輯]响呢個過程裏面,思考者由兩句前件度推理出結論-如果話佢諗嘅嘢完全冇問題(睇埋真確同效度嘅概念),就起碼表示佢嗰兩句前件都應該要係真確嘅,但問題係思考者點知兩句前件係真確嘅呢?
- 一係佢假定咗嗰兩句前件係「唔使證明或者用乜方法支撐,都可以當佢係真確」嘅;
- 如果佢要搵某啲論證支撐「所有人類條命都係有限嘅」同埋「蘇格拉底係一個人類」呢兩句嘢,就要建立新嘅論證,而論證就實要有前件[註 1]... 如是者,一係去到某點決定「當啲前件係不證自明」,一係就要一路係噉搵新嘅前件嚟支援手上嘅論證。
-呢個問題就係所謂嘅後退論證。對於後退論證嘅問題,有哲學家就噉講[2]:
「 | 原版英文:"... to justify a belief one must appeal to a further justified belief. This means that one of two things can be the case. Either there are some beliefs that we can be justified for holding, without being able to justify them on the basis of any other belief, or else for each justified belief there is an infinite regress of (potential) justification."
粵文翻譯:要為一個信念提供理據,一個人實要靠另一個有理據嘅信念。噉即話有兩個可能性,其中一個成立。一係有一部份嘅信念我哋係有得唔使搵第啲信念做理據撐佢哋,就可以有理據噉信嘅;又或者是但搵個有理據嘅信念,都有一串無限噉後退嘅『搵第啲信念做(可能)理據撐呢個信念』。 |
」 |
睇埋
[編輯]註釋
[編輯]攷
[編輯]- ↑ Infinite Regress Arguments. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- ↑ John L. Pollock (1975). Knowledge and Justification. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. p. 26.