WCAG 3 Introduction

Introduction

WCAG 3 is currently an incomplete draft. WCAG 3 is intended to develop into a W3C Standard in a few years. The current standard, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2), is introduced in the WCAG 2 Overview.

The WCAG 3 documents will explain how to make the web more accessible to people with disabilities. WCAG 3 applies to web content, apps, tools, publishing, and emerging technologies on the web.

We will update this page regularly as work on the WCAG 3 Draft progresses.

Status: Exploratory Draft

The May 2024 WCAG 3 Working Draft includes potential outcomes that we are exploring. The final set of outcomes in WCAG 3 will be different from this draft. Outcomes will be edited, added, combined, and removed.

The purpose of this draft is to:

• better understand the scope of user needs and how they could be addressed in an accessibility standard,
• request assistance in identifying gaps, and
• request assistance locating and conducting research to validate or invalidate the drafted outcomes.

Some of the outcomes are marked as needing research. We are particularly interested in assistance identifying or conducting research to support or refute them.

For your review

When reviewing this update, please focus on the Guidelines section. We did not make changes to conformance related sections.

Please consider the following questions when reviewing the outcomes in this draft:

• What outcomes needed to make web content accessible are missing?
• What research supports or refutes these outcomes?
• Are any of these outcomes out of scope for accessibility standards? If so, please explain why.

To provide input, please file GitHub issues at: https://github.com/w3c/wcag3/issues
Or, if you are unable to use GitHub, send email to [email protected]

Please create separate GitHub issues or email messages for each topic (rather than putting multiple topics in a single issue or email).

Status of Sections

Each normative section has a status that indicates how far along in the development process this section is, how ready it is for experimental adoption, and what kind of feedback we are looking for.

• Placeholder: This content is temporary. It shows the type of content or section to expect. Placeholder text will be replaced. It is hidden by default in the Editor’s draft. No feedback is needed on placeholder content.
• Exploratory: The Working Group is exploring what direction to take with this section. This content is not refined; details and definitions may be missing. It is hidden by default in the Editor’s draft. We invite feedback on the proposed direction.
• Developing: There is rough agreement on what is needed for this section, although not all high-level concerns have been settled. Details are included, yet they are not all agreed on. We invite general feedback on how understandable, usable, and reasonable the section is generally.
• Refining: The Working Group has reach consensus on this section. It is ready for broad public review and experimental adoption. We seek feedback on feasibility and issues with implementations.
• Mature: The Working Group thinks this content is ready for the final standard. Feedback should be focused on edge case scenarios the Working Group might not have anticipated.

There are substantial open issues that are still being discussed, particularly about testing and conformance.

WCAG 3 Draft Approach

Some Similar, Some Different

Goals for WCAG 3 include:

• be easier to understand
• cover more user needs, including more needs of people with cognitive disabilities
• be flexible to address different types of web content, apps, tools, and organizations

WCAG 3 is similar to previous versions in some ways. It has similar:

• goal of providing guidance on making web content and apps accessible to people with disabilities
• fundamental and specific accessibility requirements

WCAG 3 is very different from previous versions in some ways. It has:

• different structure
• different conformance model
• broader scope, beyond just web content

Structure

This WCAG 3 draft has:

• Guidelines
  • Solutions to accessibility problems
  • More granular than the guidelines in WCAG 2
  • Each guideline has outcomes
• Outcomes
  • Verifiable statements
  • Similar to success criteria in WCAG 2
  • More granular and more focused on the desired results than the technical means for achieving them
    (More granular means they are more specific, instead of broad. That generally makes them simpler. It also means there will be more of WCAG 3 outcomes than WCAG 2 success criteria.)
• Assertions
  • Formal claim of fact, attributed to a person or organization
  • Assertions in WCAG 3 state that an organization has completed a procedure that can improve accessibility
  • Example procedures include usability testing, assistive technology testing, and plain language reviews
  • Assertions are used when the results of the same usability would be very different between testers

WCAG 3 supporting material includes:

• Methods
  • Technology-specific ways to achieve an outcome
  • Tests for the outcome
  • Similar to Techniques for WCAG 2
• How-To documents
  • Explain more about each guideline, such as how it addresses accessibility needs
  • Information for designers, developers, people new to accessibility, and project planners
  • Similar to the Understanding documents for WCAG 2
• Functional categories of functional needs
  • Categorized list of needs of people with disabilities

Draft Conformance Model

The conformance model is the way to determine and communicate how well a website (or app, tool, etc.) meets WCAG. The conformance model in this draft of WCAG 3 will be very different from WCAG 2. It is intended to:

• be more flexible for organizations (that is, owners and developers of websites, apps, tools, etc.)
• encourage more accessible user experiences

We are reworking the conformance model based on feedback and we encourage additional feedback as we iterate.

Development

Timeline

The First Public Working Draft of WCAG 3.0 was published on 21 January 2021. The July 2023 draft has many changes that resulted from public feedback. We plan to publish updated drafts every 3-6 months.

WCAG 3 is not expected to be a completed W3C standard for a few more years.

The Working Group will focus on creating an initial set of guidelines and outcomes. Then will focus on refining the structure and conformance model. They will provide updated drafts for review throughout this process. Once the conformance approach is more stable, the Group will focus on refining the accessibility requirements (guidelines, outcomes, assertions, and support material). We will then provide material to help those wanting to transition to WCAG 3; for example, mapping between WCAG 2 and 3 requirements.

WCAG 3 will not supersede WCAG 2, and WCAG 2 will not be deprecated, for at least several years after WCAG 3 is finalized.

We will update this section with more specific timeline information as it is available.

WCAG 3 Name (formerly “Silver” project)

The name of WCAG 3 is different from WCAG 2:

• WCAG 3 is W3C Accessibility Guidelines
• WCAG 2 is Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

“W3C Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 3.0” was chosen:

• because of wide-spread familiarity with the “WCAG” acronym
• to encompass the broader scope beyond “content”

Who Develops WCAG 3

The WCAG technical documents are developed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (AG WG) (previously under the Silver Task Force) with the Silver Community Group. These Groups are part of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). You can learn about the development process from How WAI Develops Accessibility Standards through the W3C Process: Milestones and Opportunities to Contribute.

We welcome your comments on WCAG 3 Working Drafts. The best way to provide feedback is by opening new GitHub issues. Alternatively, e-mail [email protected]

Opportunities for contributing more directly to WCAG and other WAI work are introduced in Participating in WAI.