The pope was the tutor of European civilization during the central Middle Ages. At the end of the eleventh century, he inculcated to the ruling caste one revolutionary idea: the Crusade. It brought the best and the worst out of the warrior class, it was embraced by the masses, and it gave the pope unprecedented... Read More

In my first two articles posted on the Unz Review under the alias “the first millennium revisionist�, I have argued that the basic structure of our standard historiography of Europe during the first millennium AD cannot be trusted, because it is built on a vast quantity of invented narratives and forged documents. In the subsequent... Read More

I am sure that many readers can relate if I say that learning about Byzantium feels like discovering the sunken civilization of Atlantis. You can read a thousand books about the “Middle Ages�, even do a Ph.D. in “Medieval Studies� (as I did), and hardly ever hear about Byzantium. And then, one day, when you... Read More

There is something irresistibly attractive in Russia’s defense of traditional and religious values (what might be called Russian neo-conservatism if that label had not been usurped by American Jewish warmongers). But where does it really come from? We tend to assume that it is a reaction to Western post-modern decadence. But there is more depth... Read More

So wrote Oswald Spengler in Prussian Socialism, published in 1919, between the two volumes of The Decline of the West. In the latter, Spengler also predicted that after the collapse of the “Faustian West�, a new civilizational force would arise in Russia. The Faustian West opposes this with all its might. But whatever happens, the... Read More