Any homeowner who has a fireplace or wood-burning stove can benefit from learning how to safely split their own logs for firewood. This practice can help you prepare for cold winters and keep you warm even if a storm knocks your power out. Learn how to choose the right tools for log splitting, how to properly split a log, and how to dry wood out before use in the guide below.
Choosing the Right Tools for Log Splitting
Selecting the right tools can make the log-splitting process safer, more efficient, and less physically demanding.
Axes vs. Mauls
Axes are great for cutting down trees, but they’re not good for splitting logs. An axe’s narrow head can get stuck in wood, which makes the splitting process frustrating and inefficient. Consider using a maul or a splitting axe instead.
A maul combines the weight of a sledgehammer with a wedge-shaped head, making it ideal for splitting logs. Mauls can be quite heavy, though, which may lead to fatigue during extended use.
Splitting axes have sharper, thinner edges that easily penetrate wood. They also feature a wide wedge that helps to separate wood fibers. This design allows for easier and more efficient splitting, especially for small- to medium-sized logs.
Wedges and Sledgehammers
Steel wedges and sledgehammers are especially effective tools for splitting large, stubborn logs. Homeowners can use wedges to create an initial split in wood, and then use the sledgehammer to push the wedge through the log. Use of these tools typically requires two people, and it can be time-consuming, but it’s reliably successful.
Power Equipment Options
Homeowners who don’t want to do a lot of manual labor should consider power equipment. Here are some common types of log-splitting power tools:
- Electric log splitters: These compact machines are quiet, easy to use, and suitable for small logs. They’re ideal for homeowners who have modest firewood needs.
- Gas-powered log splitters: Gas-powered splitters are more powerful than electric models, and can handle large logs and high volumes of wood. They’re usually available for rent at equipment rental yards.
- Hydraulic splitters: These machines use hydraulic pressure to force logs against a wedge, which splits even the toughest pieces of wood.
Proper Techniques for Manual Log Splitting
Use proper technique when you’re using hand tools to split logs. Here are some tips.
Setting Up Your Splitting Area
Create a safe and efficient workspace for your project by following the steps below:
- Choose a level area with plenty of room to move around.
- Clear the area of debris and obstacles.
- Use a sturdy chopping block to elevate the log you’re splitting.
Elevating the log on a chopping block reduces the risk of the splitting tool hitting the ground, which can injure your foot, and provides a solid surface that doesn’t absorb the impact of your strikes. This makes strikes more effective.
Proper Stance and Technique
Proper stances and techniques for log-splitting are below.
- Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart.
- Position the log on the chopping block so that it’s stable.
- Aim for either the center of the log or a big, visible crack.
- Raise the tool over your head, and allow it to slide down your back slightly.
- Bring the tool down with force, and use your body weight to add power to the strike.
Keep a firm grip on the tool’s handle and follow through to complete your swing. Let the weight of the tool do most of the work.
Tips for Dealing with Tough Logs
Some logs are tough to split because of their size, stubborn knots, or twisted grain. Here’s how you can handle tough logs:
- Look for natural weak points: Cracks in the wood can provide a good starting point for your split.
- Start at the edges: If the center of the log is difficult to get through, try splitting off smaller sections from the edges.
- Use a wedge: Address large or stubborn logs by using a wedge to create an initial split, then using a maul or splitting axe to finish the job.
Efficient Use of Power Equipment
Power equipment is especially helpful when you’re dealing with large quantities of wood.
Electric Log Splitters
Electric log splitters are best for modest firewood needs. They’re quiet, easy to use, and don’t produce exhaust fumes, so they’re safe to use in enclosed spaces. Remember that they can’t always handle big logs.
Follow the steps below to use an electric log splitter:
- Make sure the splitter is on a level surface.
- Place the log on the splitting bed.
- Activate the hydraulic ram so that it pushes the log into the wedge.
- Remove the split pieces and repeat the process.
Gas-Powered Log Splitters
A gas-powered log splitter is the best choice to handle large jobs or tough wood. These machines are especially powerful, and you can use a vehicle to tow them to cutting sites.
Follow the steps below to use a gas-powered splitter:
- Wear proper safety gear, including eye and ear protection.
- Start the engine, and allow it to warm up.
- Place the log on the splitting bed, and make sure it’s stable.
- Activate the hydraulic controls to split the log.
- Clear split pieces regularly to maintain a safe work area.
Log Splitting: Safety Considerations
You should always prioritize safety no matter which log-splitting technique you use.
Protective Gear
Wear the following protective gear when splitting logs:
- Safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from flying wood chips
- Steel-toed boots to protect your feet
- Work gloves to improve grip and protect your hands
- Hearing protection whenever you use power equipment
Safe Work Practices
Follow the practices below to minimize the risk of injury:
- Keep your work area clear of debris and bystanders.
- Maintain proper footing and balance at all times.
- Take regular breaks to avoid fatigue, which can lead to accidents.
- Inspect your tools, secure your tools’ handles, and make sure blades are sharp.
- Never split wood while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Storing and Seasoning Split Firewood
Once you’ve split your logs, store them properly so that they’ll burn more cleanly and efficiently. This will also reduce the risk of a black, tar-like substance called creosote building up in your chimney, which happens when smoke doesn’t entirely escape.
Stacking Techniques
Use one of the techniques below to properly stack your firewood, which will help it to dry more quickly.
- Crisscross stack: Alternate the direction of each layer to improve stability and airflow.
- Holz Hausen: Arrange wood in a circular stack to improve airflow.
- Traditional row stack: Create a single row ocreosof wood so that each piece is parallel to the others.
Optimal Drying Conditions
Seasoning your firewood makes it easier to ignite and maintain. It also helps the wood burn more efficiently and reduces the amount of smoke produced, preventing creosote buildup in your chimney.
Follow these steps to season your firewood:
- Stack wood in a sunny and well-ventilated area.
- Use pallets or a purpose-built rack to keep wood off the ground. This helps the logs to dry out, and keeps pests away.
- Cover the top of the stack to protect it from rain and snow, but leave the sides open for airflow.
- Allow at least 6 months for the wood to season properly.