GROUP 3
A History of
Global Politics-
Creating an
International
Order
Globalization Contemporary World
THE ATTRIBUTE OF
TODAY’S GLOBAL
SYESTEM
• Countries or state are independent and
govern themselves
• These countries interact with each other
through diplomacy
• International organizations facilitate these
interaction such as United State (UN)
• International organizations also take lives of
their own
Ev
History/Origin of today’s global system
As defined by Layman’s term, “non-
interchangeable”, where the states
refers to the country and its
government.
States Attribute
• It exercises authority over a specific
population called citizens
• Govern a specific territory
• It has has sovereignty over its
territory
NATION
Refers to a large group of individuals who believe
that they belong together because the share common
identity Nation a large body of people united by
common descent, history, culture, or language,
inhabiting a particular country or territory.
STATE
The state is a form of human association
distinguished from other social groups by its
purpose, the establishment of order and security;
its methods, the laws and their enforcement; its
territory, the area of jurisdiction or geographic
boundaries; and finally by its sovereignty.
WHAT IS “NATION -
STATE”?
The nation state is an ideal in which
cultural boundaries match up with
political ones.
Benedict Richard O'Gorman
Anderson was an Anglo-Irish political
scientist and historian who lived and
taught in the United States. Anderson
is best known for his 1983 book
Imagined Communities, which
explored the origins of nationalism.
Benedict Anderson
NATIONALIS
M that prioritizes loyalty and devotion to
Ideology
a nation or nation-state, emphasizing that such
obligations outweigh individual or group
interests. It often involves the belief in national
autonomy, identity, and unity, and can manifest in
-Navas various forms, including cultural, political, and
economic nationalism.
According to him, an “Imagined
Community” is limited but it does
not go beyond a given “official
boundary”, and because rights and
responsibilities are the mainly
privilege and concern of the
citizens of the nations.
INTERSTAT
-AEsystem of competing and allying
state
PRINCIPLES OF
INTERSTATE
Nationalis
m or political movement that seeks
Doctrine
to make the nation a basic political
structure especially a state.
Internationalis
m principle that places the interest of the
Political
entire world above those individual nations.
Liberal Internationalism
Set of related concept on how to best recognize
relation between states actors that emphasizes a belief of
international progress, interdependence and etc.
-Immanuel Kant, a thinker of liberal
internationalism, he argued that a state must
have a form of government.
Treaty of Westphalia
A set of signed in 1648 to end the “Thirty
years” war between the major continental
powers of Europe
-
Social
Interactionalism
Believes that it is possible to build a better world
based world based upon the twin goals of equality and
social justice.
INTERNATIONALISM
Internationalism is a political principle which
transcends nationalism and advocates a greater political
or economic cooperation among nations and people it is
most commonly expressed as an appreciation for the
diverse cultures in the world, and a desire for world
peace.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Is also called public international law or law of nations,
the body of legal rules, norms, and standards that apply
between sovereign states and other entities that are
legally recognized as international actors. It is a
collection of rules governing relations between states. It
is a mark of how far international law has evolved that
this original definition omits individuals and
international organizations
WHAT IS GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?
It is also called world governance
Is a movement towards political cooperation among
transnational actors, aimed at
negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one
state or region.
*Refers to the various intersecting processes that create this
order
-Kirby
Global governance is such a complex issue that
one can actually teach an entire course itself. This
lesson has focused on the IOS and the UN in the
particular. International Organizations are highlighted
because they are are the most visible symbols of
global governance. The UN, in particular, is the
closest to a world government. What is important to
remember is that international institutions like the UN
are always in a precarious positions.
POWERS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
(Michael N. Barnett and Martha
Finnemore)
-Have power of classification
-Have power to fix meanings
-Have the power to diffuse norms
CHALLENGES OF THE UNITED NATIONS
• The UN is not a world government, and it's functions primarily
because of voluntary cooperation from states
• Issues related to security
THE UNITED NATIONS
• The general assembly
- Is UN's main deliberative policymaking and representative organ
•The security council
-Takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the
peace or an act of aggression (Permanent 5-China, France, Russia,
U.K. & U.S.)
•The economic and social council
-The principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue,
and recommendations on social and environmental issues, as well
as the implementation of internationally agreed development
goals
•The international court of justice
Is to settle in accordance with international law,
legal disputes submitted to it by states and to
give advisory opinions referred to it by
authorized UN organs and specialized agencies.
•The secretariat
- It consist of secretary-general and 10,000 of
international UN staff members who carry out
the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by
the general assembly and the organization's
other principal organs.
The United Nations (UN) plays a central role in
contemporary global governance, serving as a platform
for international cooperation to address global challenges
that transcend national borders. Here's a brief overview of
how the UN contributes to modern global governance:
• Peace and • International
Security Law
• Human
• Global
Rights
• Development and Humanitarian Health
Aid
• Environmental
Governance
-
Challenges in Global Governance:
• Geopolitical rivalry, especially among
permanent Security Council
members
• Limited enforcement power
• Sovereignty concerns from member
states
• Funding constraints and dependency
on major powers
-
International Organizations
ㅤㅤ According to international law, an international organization is a
body made up of representatives from two or more nations and is
frequently created by treaty or agreement. There are two types of
international organizations; Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs), with
members being people or organizations, and Intergovernmental
Organizations (IGOs), with governments as member states.
-
Carlos
These organizations might have a legal personality apart from
their member states and work on problems of shared interest
across national borders. Plays a crucial role in global governance,
acts as a way in addressing global issues that crosses boundaries
in providing solutions and service. Stands in molding international
norms and policies, guiding countries in globalizing platform.
Some International organizations and its functions:
World Health Organization
ㅤㅤㅤ - Keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable, so everyone could attain highest
level of health.
World Trade Organization
ㅤㅤㅤ -International organization dealing with the rules of trade between the nations.
United Nations
ㅤㅤㅤ -To develop a friendly relations among nation and promoting social progress.
International Criminal Court
ㅤㅤㅤ - Established to investigate, prosecute, and try individuals accused of genocide ,
war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Regional Organization
ㅤㅤ - An international organization focusing on specific geographical area.
Aims to provide cooperation among member states within the region.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
ㅤㅤㅤ - Economic and political regional organization of countries in South East Asia
European Union
ㅤㅤㅤ -Economic and political confederation of European nations which share a
common foreign and security policy and co-operate on justice and home affair.
-
Hazell
Characteristics of International Organizations:
multilaterilism
ㅤㅤ - cooperation of countries addressing common challenges.
specific goals
ㅤㅤ - defined clear objectives.
legal personality
ㅤㅤ - having legal status, allowing organization/s to have agreements and enforce rules.
norm-setting
ㅤㅤ - setting standards, influencing cooperative countries how to act on world stage.
policy development
ㅤㅤ - implementing policies, usually on issues that are timely and relevant.
Types of international organizations
The term intergovernmental organization (IGO) refers to an entity created by
treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common
interest. In the absence of a treaty an IGO does not exist in the legal sense.
Examples:
United Nations, World Bank, NATO
Nongovernmental organization (NGO), voluntary group of individuals or
organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide
services or to advocate a public policy.
Examples:Red Cross, Amnesty International
-
Kathy
Regional
Organization
A group assembled in any geographically appropriate area,
which may include a city, country, groups of countries, or
other geographic regions.
Example: European Union (EU), African Union (AU), ASEAN
POLITICAL SYSTEM
is a set of different institutions established
politically, to ensure the free and fair distribution
of resources within a given society.
Democrac
y
The type of government with which we are most familiar is
democracy, or a political system in which citizens govern
themselves either directly or indirectly. The term democracy
comes from Greek and means "rule of the people." In Lincoln's
stirring words from the Gettysburg Address, democracy is
"government of the people, by the people, for the people."
-
Oligarchy
The power in an oligarchy is held by a small, elite group. Unlike in a
monarchy, members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their
statuses based on ties to noble ancestry.
Rather, they may ascend to positions of power because of military
might, economic power, or similar circumstances.
Aristocracy
in which power is held by land-owning elites.
Monarchy
Monarchy is a political system in which power
resides in a single family that rules from one generation to the next
generation. The power the family enjoys is traditional authority, and many
monarchs command respect because their subjects bestow this type of
authority on them.
Authoritarianism
refers to political systems in which an
individual or a group of individuals holds
power, restricts or pro-habits popular
participation in governance, and represses
dissent
Totalitarianism
refers to political systems that include all
the features of authoritarianism but are
even more repressive as they try to
regulate and control all aspects of citizens'
lives and fortunes
Communism
Some political systems are directly defined by their
economies, which is another way John Study could
think about this. Technically, communism is an
economic system, in which the government controls
the distribution of resources. However, for this to work,
you do need a very specific sort of political structure.
Dictatorship
Dictatorship is a type of political system where the
ruling person has full control of the state institutions
and the entire society.
Political System :The Continents of
the World
Each continent in the world has its own types of
political systems. A political system is the way a
country or region is governed. Below is a short
summary of the political systems in each continent:
Africa
•Many countries are republics with elected
presidents.
•Some are democracies, while others are ruled by
military leaders or long-term presidents.
-Cj
Asia
•Asia has many different political systems.
•Some countries, like Japan and India, are democracies.
•Others, like China and North Korea, are one-party states, where
only one political party rules.
•Some countries are monarchies, like Saudi Arabia.
Europe
•Most European countries are democracies.
•Many are parliamentary systems, where a prime minister is the
leader.
•Countries often work together through the European Union (EU).
North America
•The major countries (USA, Canada, Mexico) are all democracies.
•The United States and Mexico have presidential systems.
•Canada has a parliamentary system with a prime minister.
South America
•Most countries are republics with elected presidents.
•Some have had problems with corruption or military
takeovers in the past.
•Democracy is growing stronger in many areas.
Australia (Oceania)
•Countries like Australia and New Zealand are parliamentary
democracies.
•Many small islands are independent nations with elected
leaders.
•Some are connected to other countries for defense and
support.
Antarctica
•No one country owns Antarctica.
•It is not a country and has no government.
•It is governed by the Antarctic Treaty, which says
it is used for peace and science only.
The world’s continents have different political
systems. Some are democracies, some are
monarchies, and others are one-party states. Most
countries today allow people to vote for their
leaders, but not all political systems are truly free
or equal.
Group 3; " A History of Global Politics-
Creating
an International Order"
Villanueva, Evelyn A.
Abelilla, Cj
Anitado, Hazell
Arqueza, Kirby
Arroyo, William
Bañas, Adrian
Capistrano, Margarette
Carillo, Gian Carlos
Millare, Katherine
Mejorada, Mark Ruzzel
Navas, Cristy Joy
“To teach is to learn twice." - Joseph
Joubert
THANK YOU, HAVE A GREAT DAY AHEAD (*heart
hand)
