NCM 113:

NURSING PROCESS
IN THE CARE OF
POPULATION
GROUPS AND
COMMUNITY
MARIA LINDA S. AGUS, MAN, PhD
Professor
TOPICS: FR
1. Community Health Assessment Tools
2. Community Diagnosis
3. Planning Community Health
Interventions
4. Implementing Community Health
Interventions
5. Monitoring and Evaluating
Community Health Programs
Implemented
6. Documentation and Reporting

2
INTRODUCTION

The community is seen as the

primary client of the nurse for two
important reasons. First, has a
direct influence on the health of
individuals, families, and sub-
populations. Second, it is at this
level that most health service
provision occurs. (Spradley, 1990).
3
INTRODUCTION

The nursing process functions as a

systematic guide to client-centered
care.

4
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH
ASSESSMENT TOOLS

1.COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA

2.SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

3.METHODS TO PRESENT COMMUNITY

DATA
1. FR
P R CO
IM LL
AR E C
Y TIN
D
AT G
• Primary data collection is the process of gathering data A
directly from a first-hand source.

• Methods include surveys, interviews, observation, and

focus groups, community forum.

• Observation: - you go into the community and observe

what is going on, listen to what they are talking about
or discussing, or even the noises they make
6
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS
1. FR
P R CO
IM LL
AR E C
Y TIN
• Survey : - Surveys are a useful method of DA G
TA
obtaining information about knowledge,
attitudes, attributes, or practices of the
general population.
- Surveys are predetermined sets of
questions and usually answer
options that are asked of all
individuals in a group or sample of
people
7
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS
1. FR
P R CO
IM LL
AR E C
Y TIN
• Focus Group Discussion involves gathering DA G
TA
people from similar backgrounds or
experiences together to discuss a specific
topic of interest.

• An Interview is a structured conversation

where one participant asks questions, and the
other provides answers.
8
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS
1. FR
P R CO
IM LL
AR E C
A community forum is like a public meeting, Y TIN
D
AT G
where members of the community come A
together at a central location to share their
ideas, opinions, and concerns.

A forum is a way of consulting members of the

community and is part of the community
engagement process.

9
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS
2. FR
Secondary Data Sources D SE
AT C
Secondary data are collected by A ON
SO D
another entity or for another UR ARY
purpose CE
S

REGISTRY OF VITAL EVENTS

Vital acts and events are the births, deaths, fetal

deaths, marriages, and all such events that have
something to do with an individual's entrance
and departure from life together with the
changes in civil status that may occur to a person
during his lifetime
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 10
2.
D SE
FR
AT C
HEALTH RECORDS AND REPORTS A ON
SO D
UR ARY
CE
S
​ health record is a confidential compilation of
A
pertinent facts of an individual's health history,
including all past and present medical conditions,
illnesses and treatments, with emphasis on the
specific events affecting the patient during the
current episode of care.

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 11

2.
D SE
FR
AT C
DISEASE REGISTRIES A ON
SO D
UR ARY
CE
S
​ A disease registry is a special database that
contains information about people diagnosed
with a specific type of disease. Most disease
registries are either hospital-based or population-
based.

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 12

2.
D SE
FR
CENSUS DATA AT C
A ON
SO D
UR ARY
CE
S
​ … a usually complete enumeration of a population,
specifically, a periodic governmental enumeration of
population.

… Taking a census usually involves all

householders completing census forms that list
information about their lives and their families on a
specific day periodically.
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 13
3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​ You may need to present the data in a way that
is easy to understand. Make copies of these
worksheets for the group involved in prioritizing
your health focus/priority areas.
…selectively illustrate the data through charts,
tables and photographs.

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 14

3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​

A BAR CHART or BAR GRAPH is a chart or graph that presents categorical

data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values
they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 15

3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​

HISTOGRAM

Best for visualizing the distribution and frequency of a single variable.

Histograms are your choice when you want to understand the distribution and frequency of a
single variable.

They divide the data into “bins” or intervals and the height of each bar represents the frequency
or count of data points falling into that interval.
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 16
3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​

LINE CHARTS or LINE GRAPHS are your go-to

when you want to visualize trends and variations in
data sets over time

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 17

3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​

A PIE CHART or PIE GRAPH is a circular

statistical graphic which is divided into slices to
illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc
length of each slice is proportional to the quantity it
represents

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 18

3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​ Effective for showing the
relationship between two variables
and identifying correlations.

Scatter plots are all about exploring

relationships between two
variables. They’re great for
uncovering correlations, trends or
patterns in data.

In a scatter plot, every data point

appears as a dot on the chart, with
one variable marked on the
horizontal x-axis and the other on
the vertical y-axis.
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 19
3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
STACKED BAR T DS
D
CHART AT TO
A
​

Useful for showing how different components contribute to a whole over

multiple categories.
Stacked bar charts are a handy way to illustrate how different
components contribute to a whole across multiple categories.
Each bar represents a category and the bars are divided into segments to
show the contribution of various components within each category.
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 20
3. FR
PR M
ES ET
EN HO
T DS
D
AT TO
A
​

TABULAR PRESENTATION
Presenting data in rows and columns, often used for precise
data values and comparisons.
It is a method of organizing data in rows and columns to make
it easier to understand and analyze.
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 21
PICTOGRAM 3.
PR M FR
Using simple icons or images ES ET
to represent data is EN HO
T DS
especially useful for D
conveying information in a AT TO
A
visually intuitive manner.
Pictograms are all about
harnessing the power of
images to convey data in an
easy-to-understand way.
Instead of using numbers or
complex graphs, you use
simple icons or images to
represent data points.

A. COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS 22

B. COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS

- Process used to determine the health

status of the community and the factors
responsible for it.

- Also called community assessment or

situational analysis
B. COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS

PURPOSE

- To define existing problems, determine

available resources and set priorities for
planning, implementing and evaluating
health action, by and for the community
B. COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS

1.TYPES

2.SCHEMES IN STATING COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

3.THE PROCESS OF COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/475496057/Lesson-2-community-diagnosis-STUDENT-lesson-2-1-ppt
1. FR
TY
1. COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS P ES

- Aims to obtain general

information about the community or a
certain population group

2. PROBLEM-ORIENTED COMMUNITY
DIAGNOSIS

- Type of assessment responds to a

particular need
B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 26
1. FR
TY
P ES
ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

- Demographic Variables
- Socio-Economic and Cultural Variables
- Health And Illness Patterns
- Health Resources
- Political/Leadership Patterns

B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 27
2.
Shuster and Goeppinger C O SC
M HE
FR
(2004) M M
U
N ES
IT I N
Y
D ST
Three-Part Statement: IA A
G TI
N N
O G
SI
 The HEALTH RISK or specific problem to which S

the community is exposed.

 THE SPECIFIC AGGREGATE or community with

whom the nurse will be working to deal with the
risk or problem.

 RELATED FACTORS that influence how the

community will respond to the health risk problem.
B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 28
2.
C O SC
M HE
FR
EXAMPLE M M
U
N ES
IT I N
Y
D ST
RISK of maternal complications leading to maternal IA A
G TI
N N
mortality among pregnant women in Brgy. X O G
SI
S
related to cost in inaccessibility of skilled birth
attendance and the community members’
perception that skilled birth and facility based
delivery are not necessary during childbirth.

B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 29
2.
C O SC
M HE
FR
OMAHA SYSTEM M M
U
N ES
IT I N
Y
D ST
IA A
G TI
N N
 Applications for Community Health Nursing O G
SI
S

 This is the oldest of the nursing classifications

and was developed in the 1970s by Karen Martin

It was designed for nurses in the community and

public health services

B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 30
2.
C O SC
M HE
FR
OMAHA SYSTEM M M
U
N ES
IT I N
Y
 Is a research-based, comprehensive D ST
IA A
G TI
N N
practice and documentation standardized O G
SI
S
taxonomy designed to describe client care.

 COMPONENTS

 Problem Classification Scheme (Client

Assessment)
 Intervention Scheme (Care plan and services)
 Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes (client
change/evaluation)
B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 31
2.
C O SC
M HE
FR
OMAHA SYSTEM M M
U
N ES
IT I N
Y
D ST
IA A
COMPONENTS G TI
N N
O G
SI
S

A. Problem Classification Scheme (Client

Assessment)
B. Intervention Scheme (Care plan and
services)
C. Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes
(client change/evaluation)

B. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS 32