Unit 5 Bioethics BSN

BIOETHICS

UNIT 5:
Ethical Consideration
in Leadership and
Management

NCM 108
Lesson 5.1 Moral Decision Making
Objectives/Competencies:
Upon completion of this module, you are expected to:
1. adapt the moral decision-making process in everyday life
especially in the clinical setting
2. explain the strategies of moral decision-making process
3. integrate the core value of service in medical care in your
life and in clinical setting
4. adapt the ethical decision making in all aspects and
situations
Principle of Moral Discernment

WHAT IS DISCERNMENT?
Discernment: refer to the ability to discern the moral good, discern a moral
right from wrong, and must have the standard with measure or compare
the good thing and bad thing. Moral discernment defines the moral
convictions that determine one’s behavior and ultimately one’s life. The
person with moral integrity can lives with consistent of convictions or
believes of themselves.
Principle of Moral Discernment
Moral discernment involves discerning (discovering,

judging) which goals (ends, intentions) and means
(actions) really are conducive to human fulfillment and
according to God's will.
Note: when a person (moral agent) acts deliberately, he or she

always acts for some reason or goal (end, intention)
FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MORAL DISCERNMENT
Principle of Formal Cooperation
it occurs when someone intentionally helps

another person carry out a sinful act.
Principle of Formal Cooperation
• is a willing participation on the part

of the cooperative agent in the sinful
act of the principal agent.
Principle of Material Cooperation
when a person's actions unintentionally help

another person do something wrong.
Principle of Lesser Evil
The principle that when faced with selecting

from two immoral options, the one which is
least immoral should be chosen.
Principle of Double Effect
This principle aims to provide specific guidelines for

determining when it is morally permissible to perform
an action in pursuit of a good end in full knowledge
that the action will also bring about bad results.
Principle of Well-Formed Conscience
The Principle of Well-Formed Conscience indicates that people

are obligated to inform themselves about ethical norms,
incorporate that knowledge into their daily lives, act according
to that knowledge, and take responsibility for those actions.
WHAT IS C O N S C I E N C E ?
the act by which we apply to our own conduct our knowledge of
good and evil, whether our judgment be correct or incorrect.
Lesson 5.2 Strategies of Moral Decision-Making Process
1. adapt the moral decision-making process in everyday life
especially in the clinical setting
2. explain the strategies of moral decision-making process
situations
Strategies of Moral Decision-Making Process
Being Your Best Self, Part 2: Moral Decision Making | Concepts Unwrapped
Discussion Questions
1. What did you learn about the previously watched video?
2. The video talks about how the self-serving bias can make it
difficult for people facing a decision with ethical dimensions to
make the right choice when their interests are involved. What
other factors that are illustrated in Ethics Unwrapped videos can
make it difficult for a well-meaning person to make the right
choice?
Lesson 5.3 Meaning and Service Value of Medical Care
1. to adapt the moral decision making process in writing
research especially in experimental research
2. explain the strategies of moral decision making process
situations
1. Allocation of Health Resources
Resource allocation is the distribution of resources – usually
financial - among competing groups of people or programs. When
we talk about allocation of funds for healthcare, we need to
consider three distinct levels of decision-making.
Level 1: Allocating resources to healthcare versus other social

needs.
Level 2: Allocating resources within the healthcare sector.
Level 3: Allocating resources among individual patient
Example of Resource Allocation
Let's consider an example: A community receives a gift of

100,000 from a wealthy donor to spend on healthcare, education
and housing. The funds can be distributed among the three areas
or dedicated to a single area, such as healthcare.
Level 1 : At this level, community members consider how to

distribute the funds among one, two or three of the competing
programs. For example, should the funding be split in three equal
portions or should one program, possibly under-funded in the
past, get all or most of the money?
Level 2 : Assuming that healthcare gets a portion of the $100,000,
the next decision community members face is how best to direct
the spending among competing healthcare interests. Should most
or all of the funds go to hospital care and medical equipment?
What about the public education program that promotes healthy
lifestyles and behaviors (like exercise or immunizations) that
prevent disease? or community members could decide to spend
the money to purchase health insurance for those who can't
afford it.
Level 3 : The next level of decision making involves distributing the

financial resources among individuals. Most communities have
policies and guidelines to insure fairness in these situations.
Decisions at this level include: Who gets the next available heart
for transplant? And, who sees the doctor first when there are
many people waiting in an emergency room?
Why is Resource Allocation needed?
Because of increasing demand for healthcare services and rising
costs to provide those services, People must choose how to
allocate healthcare efficiently
Ethical Issues
Several ethical questions arise when discussing healthcare resource allocation:
• If healthcare resources are scarce, how should they be distributed?
• Distribution choices will benefit some and not others. How should choices be made?
What values should guide these choices?
• Is the current distribution of healthcare resources fair and equitable?
• Is the current distribution of healthcare resources an efficient and wise use of funding?
2. Issues involving Access to Care
1. Transportation Barriers to
Healthcare Access. Common
transportation-related obstacles include long-
distance travel, lack of a vehicle, costs, and
inadequate infrastructure. While public
transportation improvements like ridesharing,
improved bus access, and bike lanes can
moderately help in urban or suburban
communities, these may not be possible or
available in many rural communities.
2. Geographic Barriers to
Healthcare Access Physician
shortages, poverty, a greater
number of uninsured, and long
travel distances add up to major
discrepancies in healthcare
equality between urban and rural
areas and pose a challenge to the
national healthcare system that
must be addressed.
3. Access to Healthcare for the
Elderly and Mobility-Impaired
For the elderly or those with mobility
challenges, getting to and from doctor
appointments can be stressful, time-
consuming, and ultimately so
laborious that patients neglect to
make or keep necessary
appointments.
4. Low Income and Access to
Affordable Healthcare The health
of people with low incomes often
suffers because they can't afford
adequate housing, food, or childcare.
Such living conditions, and the stress
they cause, can lead to higher rates of
tobacco and alcohol use and increase
the risk of health problems developing
or worsening over time.
5. The Uninsured and Access to
Healthcare In the Philippines, access
to basic healthcare services remains a
major challenge. This is largely
attributed to scarcity and
maldistribution of health facilities in
many parts of the country. About 50%
of the population do not have access
to primary care facilities (PCFs) within
30 minutes.
THANKYOU
!Do you have
Questions or concerns?

Unit 5 Bioethics BSN

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 5 Bioethics BSN

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 5 Bioethics BSN

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BIOETHICS

Moral discernment involves discerning (discovering,

Note: when a person (moral agent) acts deliberately, he or she

Principle of Formal Cooperation

it occurs when someone intentionally helps

Principle of Formal Cooperation

• is a willing participation on the part

Principle of Material Cooperation

when a person's actions unintentionally help

Principle of Lesser Evil

The principle that when faced with selecting

Principle of Double Effect

This principle aims to provide specific guidelines for

The Principle of Well-Formed Conscience indicates that people

1. What did you learn about the previously watched video?

Level 1: Allocating resources to healthcare versus other social

Let's consider an example: A community receives a gift of

Level 1 : At this level, community members consider how to

Level 3 : The next level of decision making involves distributing the

You might also like