Anemia
• ANEMIA
Anemia is a blood disorder that occurs
when there is a decrease in the
number of red blood cells or a
deficiency in the amount of
hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in
the blood. Anemia can have different
causes, including iron deficiency,
vitamin B12 deficiency, folate
deficiency, bone marrow problems,
kidney diseases, autoimmune
diseases, and malignancies (cancerous
tumors).
There are many anemia types, each causing red blood cell
levels to drop.
Nutritional anemias
• Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia, one of the causes of vitamin B12 deficiency, is an
autoimmune condition that prevents your body from absorbing vitamin B12.
• Iron-deficiency anemia: As its name implies, iron-deficiency anemia happens when your body
doesn’t have enough iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the substance in your red blood
cells that enables them to carry oxygen throughout your body.
• Megaloblastic anemia: Megaloblastic anemia is a type of vitamin deficiency anemia that
happens when you don’t get enough vitamin B12 and/or vitamin B9 (folate).
• Inherited anemias
• Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia changes your red blood cells’ shape, turning round
flexible discs into stiff and sticky sickle cells that block blood flow.
• Fanconi anemia: Fanconi anemia is a rare blood disorder. Anemia is one sign of Fanconi
anemia.
• Diamond-Blackfan anemia: This inherited disorder keeps your bone marrow from making
enough red blood cells.
Risk factor for anemia
• A diet that doesn't have enough of certain vitamins and minerals
• Problems with the small intestine
• Menstrual periods
• Pregnancy.
• Family history.
• Age.
Complications
If not treated, anemia can cause many health problems, such as:
• Severe tiredness. Severe anemia can make it impossible to do everyday tasks.
• Pregnancy complications. Pregnant people with folate deficiency anemia may be more likely to have
complications, such as premature birth.
• Heart problems. Anemia can lead to a rapid or irregular heartbeat, called arrhythmia. With anemia,
the heart must pump more blood to make up for too little oxygen in the blood. This can lead to an
enlarged heart or heart failure.
• Death. Some inherited anemias, such as sickle cell anemia, can lead to life- threatening
complications.
Treatment and prevention
Treatment and prevention
The treatment and prevention of anaemia depend on the underlying cause of the condition.
There are many effective ways to treat and prevent anaemia.
Changes in diet can help reduce anaemia in some cases, including:
eating foods that are rich in iron, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and other nutrients
eating a healthy diet with a variety of foods
• taking supplements if a qualified health-care provider recommends them.
Thank you
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