Introduction
Lecture #01
Presented by: Dr. Farzana Khan
Lecturer: Bakhtawar Amin college Pharmaceutical Sciences Multan
Academic History and Carrier History
Matric: Bahria foundation College Sindh (2008)
Fsc (Pre-medical): Bahria foundation college
Sindh (2010)
Graduation (Pharm-D):Bahauddin Zakariya
University Multan (Punjab) (2012-2017)
Clinical Pharmacist Trainee: Nishtar Hospital
Multan (Feb 2017-April 2017)
Internship: Javaid Pharmacy Multan ( Nov 2017-
Feb 2018)
Retail Pharmacist & Audit Officer: Ahsan
medicine company Multan (Oct 2018-0ct 2020)
Post graduation (Pharmaceutical Chemistry):
Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan(2019-
2021)
Lecturer: Bakhtawar Amin College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences Multan (September
2021-Present)
PHD (Pharmaceutical Chemistry): Bahauddin
zakariya university Multan (2023-Present)
Syllabus outline Paper:02
Total Marks:100
1. General introduction and basic biochemical principles
2. Chemistry of Carbohydrate and Metabolism of Carbohydrate
3. Chemistry of Lipids and Metabolism of Lipids
4. Chemistry of Proteins and Metabolism of Proteins
5. Enzymes
6. Bioenergetics
7. Nucleic acids
8. Gene expression
9. Vitamins
10. Hormones
Biochemistry Practicals Paper: 08 Total Marks: 100
Sr. No. Title
1. Rules for working in Biochemistry Laboratory
2. Detection of Carbohydrates by Molisch test
3. Detection of polysaccharides in given sample by Iodine Test
4. To differentiate between Monosaccharaides & Disaccharides by Barfoed’s Test
5. Detection of Keto sugars by Seliwanoff’s Test
6. Detection of reducing sugars by Fehling’s Test
7. A qualitative and semi-quantitative test for reducing sugars by Benedict’s Test
8. Identification of Monosaccharaides by Osazone test.
9. Qualitative analysis of a given sample for Amino acids by Ninhydrin Test
10. Detection of peptide linkage/Proteins by Biuret Test
11. Detection of Cystein and Cystine by Lead-acetate Test
12. Detection of Aromatic amino acid by Xanthoproteic Test
13. Detection ofTyrosine by Millon’s Test
14. Detection of Sulphur containing amino acids by Nitroprusside Test
15. Qualitative analysis of cysteine and cysteine by lead sulfide test.
16. To determine the Unsaturation of given sample of oils
17. Determination of Triglycerides (Fats & Oils) by Solubility test
18. Identification of Fats/Oils by Saponification Test
19. Qualitative analysis of lipids by Grease spot test.
20. Detection of lipids by emulsification test.
21. Qualitative analysis of Choleterol by Liebermann reaction
22. Determination of Cholesterol by Salkowiski,s reagent.
23. Determination of serum Cholesterol by Zak Test
24. Detection of lipids by acrolein test.
25. Qualitative analysis of proteins (arginine-guanidine group) by Sakaguchi test.
26. Physical analysis and chemical composition of milk.
27. Detection of pH of Saliva under alkaline conditions.
28. Wheat flour analysis for detection of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates)
Book review (For Theory & Practicals)
1. Mushtaq Ahmed, Essential of medical Biochemistry, 8th edition Volume 1 and volume 2
2. MN Chatterjea, Medical Biochemistry ,8th edition
3. U. Satyanarayana, Biochemistry ,4rth edition
4. Pankaja Naik, Essential of Biochemistry ,1st edition
5. Jeremy M. Berg, Biochemistry, 8th edition volume 1 and volume 2
6. John W Bayness, Medical biochemistry, 4rth edition
7. Victor W. Rodwell, Harper,s Illustrated Biochemistry,30th edition
8. Meisenberg simmons, Principels of Medical Biochemistry, 4rth edition
9. Michael B. Smith, Biochemistry, 1st edition
10. Lippincott; Illustrated reviews, Biochemistry, 5th edition
11. Andrea T. Da Poian, Integrative Human Biochemistry, 2 nd edition
12. DM Vasudevan, Practical text book of biochemistry for medical students, 2 nd edition
13. Shruti Mohanty, Practical clinical biochemistry, 1st edition
1948 WHO Definition of Health
“A state of complete physical, mental and social well being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
Disease
The term disease broadly refers to any condition that
impairs the normal functioning of the body.
(OR)
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively
affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism,
and that is not due to any immediate external injury.
Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are
associated with specific signs and symptoms.
What is sign and symptom?
Signs are what a doctor sees, symptoms are what a patient
experiences.
Sign is the definite indication of a specific disease.
Examples
A high temperature, a rapid pulse, low blood pressure, open
wound and bruising can be called as signs.
A symptom can be defined as one of the characters of a disease.
Examples
Chills, shivering, fever, nausea, shaking and vertigo are the
symptoms.
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the
identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the
investigation of their properties and the ways in which they
interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to
form new substances.
(OR)
Chemistry is the study of matter, its composition, structure,
properties, transformation from one form to another, and the
energy that accompanies its transformation.
Importance of Chemistry in Daily Life
Chemistry is essential in our daily life because:
Our body is composed of many chemicals, and at the very minute, even in every
second, various chemical reactions occur in our body. Biochemistry is a subject
concerned with the study of the chemical composition and function of living
organisms.
Everything is composed of chemicals. Our food, drugs, world, sun moon start
everything is made up of chemicals even the changes that occur in the universe
is the cause of chemical reactions.
In cooking, chemistry elaborates us how to cook food, preserve it, use
ingredients to make our food tasty and the food that is helpful for our body.
It helps you understand the proper use of drugs, medicine, or supplements and
enables you to judge whether that supplement is helpful or harmful.
Cleaning is the essential part of chemistry that explains which cleaner is the best
for dishes, clothes, etc. It helps you to decide how disinfectants, soaps and
detergents work.
Examples
1. Agricultural Fields
In this field, chemistry/chemicals are used by
farmers and gardeners. They use chemicals to
prevent their plants and crops from insects,
bacteria, and fungus, etc. These chemicals are
insecticides, fertilizers, and pesticides. These
chemicals are used to avoid and to get the best
results on the day of harvest. Farmers use these
pesticides to kill insects like grasshoppers, bugs,
etc. Moreover, it helps to prevent the growth of
fungus, Bacteria, or viruses on the crops.
2.Industrial Fields
Industries widely use chemicals to manufacture
different products like blocks of cement, paints,
tiles, furniture, food preservatives, and every little
thing. All the products manufactured in industries
go through various chemical reactions, such as in
the cement industry, sand is mixed with some
chemicals so that high-quality cement reaches us.
3. Medicinal Fields
Chemistry gives massive help in medicinal fields.
More often, the drugs are used to prevent and
treat the disease made up of chemicals. It helps
us know the actual composition of medication
and understand the chemical nature of the drugs.
We can diagnose various diseases and get
knowledge about the benefits and effects of drugs
through chemistry. Furthermore, it helps us to
form new drugs that are more powerful to
cure diseases and infections.
4. Computerization
The primary components of the computer are
microchips that come in silicon. The use and
properties of silicon are discovering by
chemistry. The laptop’s main body is made
up of plastic that is also the composition due
to the chemical industry.
5. Household Appliances
Chemicals exist in our house like cleaners, soaps,
shampoo, and detergents, etc. We use all these to
remove the stains or to clean dishes, clothes, and
floors, etc. Regular chemical reactions occur in our
surroundings, for example, the fire that blows in
our stove every day. The gas in the pipes or tires of
any vehicle, the candle, the burning fuel, even a
burning match stick is the result of a chemical
reaction. Preservatives that we use to preserve our
food. A refrigerator that we use also contains many
chemicals that take the surrounding air and cool
down things. Microwave to warm and refresh the
food also has some chemicals inside it to heat or
refresh.
What is Pharmaceutical chemistry?
Pharmaceutical (medicinal) chemistry is concerned with the
design (drug design) and synthesis of biologically active
molecules.
The aim is to gain new chemical molecules that could enable the
discovery of new pharmaceuticals or optimize already known
drug structures, thereby to expand the portfolio of chemical
drugs.
Branches of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Pharmaceutical chemistry –I (Organic Chemistry)
Pharmaceutical chemistry –II (Biochemistry)
Pharmaceutical chemistry –III (Instrumentation)
Pharmaceutical chemistry –IV (Medicinal Chemistry)
1. Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
Definition
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon
containing compounds.
2. . Pharmaceutical Biochemistry
Definition
Pharmaceutical biochemistry is that branch of drugs involved with the biochemistry and metabolism of human
health and sickness.
3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Instrumentation
Definition
Pharmaceutical instrumentation encompasses a wide variety of products, equipment, and machinery and plays an
important role in each unique step of the manufacturing process.
4. Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry
Definition
Medicinal chemistry is a discipline that encloses the design, development, and synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs.
Home work
Memorize all the definitions.
Visitthe library and write down the name of three books of
biochemistry.
