Chapter 1
The Humanities
and The Arts
The word HUMANITIES
comes from the Latin
The humanus which means
Meaning of human, cultured, and
Humanities refined (Aquino and
Santillana, 2015).
It pertains to humane
feelings and the conduct
The towards others depicting
Meaning of gentleness,
consideration, and
Humanities manner (Aller and Autida,
2018).
According to Ortiz (1976),
Humanities are records of
The man’s quest for answers
Meaning of to the fundamental
Humanities questions he asks about
himself and about life.
Hence, the essence of
man’s existence is
revealed through these
questions –
The What am I?
Meaning of (man, rational)
Humanities Who am I?
Why am I existing?
Where will I be from
here?
The Content of Humanities
Humanities include anything that is inherently
human – man’s experiences, his values, his
sentiments, his ideals, his goals. The humanities
are thus expressions of man’s feelings and
thoughts (Ortiz, 1976).
The Background of Humanities
First applied to the writings of ancient Latin authors for
their moral teachings
The Background of Humanities
Medieval Age - dealt with the metaphysics of the
religious philosophers
The Background of Humanities
Renaissance - set of disciplines taught in the
universities
The Background of Humanities
Modern times - serves to provide the students with
certain skills and values through the arts (Ortiz, 1976)
The Distinctions of the Humanities and The
Sciences
Humanities Sciences
deal with the internal world of man – his deal with the external world of man including
personality and experiences that cannot be the aspects of man that can be measured,
measured, classified or controlled 0bserved, and experimented exactly
deal with human activities and values that can are concerned with and expressed through
be perceived by the senses, felt by the heart, numbers and symbols
and expressed through actions in a variety and
subtle ways
approach towards the subjective aspect approach towards the objective aspect
because of the use of perception, intuition, and
insight
focus on man as an individual focus on the group of men, institutions, and
society
aim to make man more human aim to understand and control nature and to
harness energy to make life for man
The Meaning of Art
“Art is that which brings life
in harmony with the beauty
of the world.”
Plato
“Art is a cognitive process of
realizing a “true idea” in an external
form and is generated out of the
natural pleasure humans take in
their innate ability to imitate and
imagine as well as the pleasure
human feel in recognizing likeness.”
Aristotle
The Meaning
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Art is the conscious creation
of something beautiful or
meaningful using skill and
imagination.
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The Meaning
of Art
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The term Art was derived
from the Latin “Ars”
meaning skill and “Arti/s”
referring to craftsmanship,
skill, mastery of form, and
inventiveness.
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The Meaning
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of Art
According to Webster,
ART is “human ingenuity
in adapting natural
things to man’s use”.
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The Arts and Humanities define
who we are as a people. That is
their power to remind us of what
we have to offer, and what we all
have in common - to help us
understand our history and imagine
our future, to give us hopes in the
moments of struggle and to bring
us together when nothing else will.”
-Michelle Obama
The Importance of Studying Humanities
1. The fields of
knowledge that
fall under 2. Humanities
humanities will deal with man’s
help discover purpose here on
and understand earth which 3. Humanities
the nature of includes his will help us
man. As human values, understand the 4. Humanities
beings, we learn characters, culture, world will encourage
5. Humanities
to appreciate emotions, and views, us to think
teaches us to
the different sometimes as a language, and creatively based
become human
fields of forecaster with history of a on the works of
and to ask
Humanities divine particular art produced by
questions
since it aims intervention.. country. the artists
pertaining to the
man in around the
world which we
educating globe.
live in.
himself about
the world which
Nature of Art
Art is Everywhere.
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Art is Everywhere.
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Nature of Art
Art is a Pragmatic instrument.
Nature of Art
Art is a Reflection of
Nature.
Nature of Art
Art is a Personal
Expression.
Nature of Art
Art is an Expression and
Vehicle of Communication.
Nature of Art
Art is Creation.
Nature of Art
Three Major Experiences Involved in Artistic
Activities
1. Experiences which the artist wants to express
or
communicate
2. Act of expressing these experiences
3. Gratifying experience of having accomplished
something
significant
Nature of Art
Art is not Nature.
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Nature of Art
and
Another essential human need is the need for
beauty and order in our surroundings. These, in
some way, bring us the much-needed comfort
and harmony in our lives.
Nature of Art
and
When we see something beautiful, it brings us joy. The pleasure
we feel is known as aesthetic pleasure, which comes from the
Greek word "aesthetic," which means "to perceive with the
senses."
Our need for beauty is rooted in a primal sense of consistency
and order.
Beauty is subjective rather than objective.
Beauty standards varies between cultures.
Nature of Art
and
Every work of art must be beautiful in our sight. However, this is
not always the case. We can see many works of art that we will not
consider to be particularly pleasing if we look around us. It is not
always the objective of an artist to create a beautiful subject or
evoke a pleasant sensation in the viewer. He may express
displeasure at things he has seen in the human condition on
occasion. He may occasionally try to shake us out of our
complacency by displaying the horrors of deprivation, injustice, and
conflict.
Nature of Art
and
However, because "ugliness" is the subject, we can also
derive aesthetic pleasure from gazing at it if we perceive
a sense of order and a harmonious arrangement of formal
features. The successful organization of lines, colors,
shapes, and spaces to convey an idea or feeling can result
in beauty in art.
Nature of Art
and
Art has the potential to offer beauty to humanity and order to what
appears to be a chaotic world. Art is thus a Humanities subject
since it inspires individuals to be good and noble. Arts and
humanities, through focusing on people, may bring goodness to
people around the world as man travels through history, searching
for realities and striving to accomplish the objectives of making a
meaningful and good life here on earth.
THE SUBJECT OF ART
Subject Defined
The subject refers to
any person, object,
scene, or event
described or
represented in a work
of art.
DIFFERENCE OF SUBJECT AND CONTENT
Subject Content
Content is the meaning or
Subject is the object, message that the artist wants
scene or person to express or communicate in
depicted by the artist his work.
It is also the statement we
in his artwork.
understand or feeling we
experienced with the work of
art.
In literature, it is the “theme”.
Types of Art Based on Subject
Non – representational
Representational Art/Non –
Arts/Objective objective Art
Art/Figurative Art
a type of art with a type of art with no
concrete subject concrete subject
subject represented
by bright light, dark
colors, or abstract
things or objects
MANNERS OF REPRESENTING
SUBJECTS
REALISM
a way of depicting
things, objects, or
persons where they
would normally
appear in nature
MANNERS OF REPRESENTING
SUBJECTS
ABSTRACTION
a method of simplifying or
organizing objects and
elements according to the
demands of artistic expression
alterations of shapes, colors
and positions
reduction of original objects
into geometric shapes
MANNERS OF REPRESENTING
SUBJECTS
DISTORTION the arrangement of figures wherein
the proportions differ noticeably
from natural measurements
means twisting, stretching, or
deforming of the natural shape of
the objects
used to dramatize the shape of a
figure or to create emotional effect
to viewers
to portray sadness or sufferings and
to solicit reactions such as hatred,
ridicule, sympathy
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MANNERS OF REPRESENTING SUBJECTS
SURREALISM
a combination of realism and
distortion
expression of what is inside the
subconscious of the artist
a dreamlike scene to show the
irrational arrangement of objects
Images recognizable from nature
but combined with unnatural
relationship
KINDS OF SUBJECT
Landscapes Portraits Religion
Seascapes Figures Myth
Cityscapes Everyday life Dreams
Still life History Fantasy
Animals Legend
LANDSCAPES
depict inland physical
environments
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SEASCAPES
depicts the seas and their
surroundings including
objects and sceneries found
on them
CITYSCAPES
Urban sceneries – The Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai) and The Megaworld
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STILL LIFE
inanimate objects in an
indoor setting
ANIMALS
the earliest and most
popular subject of art
PORTRAITS
depict realistic likeness of a person in painting,
sculpture, drawing, or prints and always with clothes
portrays human character which does not need to be
beautiful but truthful
Focus: the face, hands, fingers, foot, attire, or
accessories
subject always a person
PORTRAITS
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FIGURES
focus: human body either clothed or nude
represent human form
sometimes only the body with the absence
of the face
FIGURES
EVERYDAY LIFE
represents man’s daily
activities
Family Bonding
The small-scale fishing in
the Philippines
Planting rice
HISTORY
portrays historical scenes
or significant events in the
past
The Spoliarium
HISTORY
Tracing Rizal’s
footsteps in
Dapitan
LEGEND
depicts legendary
stories
Maria Makiling
LEGEND
depicts legendary
stories
Si Malakas at Si
Maganda
RELIGION
pictures religious symbols and personalities which
are used to aid worship and inspire or instruct
feeling of devotion
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MYTH
represents mythological symbols, gods, and
goddesses
POSEIDON, GREEK GOD OF THE
SEA TAYHO
DREAMS
describe vague and illogical scenes and
sometimes life like situation which seems to
represent something real, unless the artist
tells us that his work is only a dream
DREAMS
FANTASY
a depiction of strange, irrational and
absurd scene
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
General Functions:
1. Satisfying individual needs for personal expression
2. Satisfying social needs for display, celebrations, and
communications
3. Satisfying physical needs for utilitarian objects and
structures
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Specific Functions:
1. Personal Function
Arts serves the needs of individuals. For art serves as
vehicle of expression of their feelings and ideas for self –
fulfillment (e. g. a painter paints the portrait of his
sweetheart to express his longing for her, a song
composer/writer composed or wrote a song to appease
his feeling of loneliness or reaction to the situation).
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Personal Function
(cont’d.)
We sing, dance, paint, compose a poem or song to express
our happiness, loneliness, or to do away our boredom. We
listen to music to ease our tension. Art strengthens our
awareness of the beautiful in life; hence, it can make our
existence less boring.
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Personal Function
(cont’d.)
Art offers us fresh insights about human nature and by
this we are given a better understanding of ourselves and
the world around us. Thus, it helps improve our life.
Movie, drama, theater, literature have important roles in
reshaping our life.
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THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
2. Social Function
Art takes social function when it is used in:
a. Influencing social behavior. Artworks take the role of
moving people or society to react on certain concern
or issue. They can bring about in us decisions to
collectively change, correct or improve upon the
human condition.
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THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Social Function (cont’d.)
e. g. The use of materials to influence people’s beliefs, decisions,
tastes, etc. such as:
1. advertisement posters/billboards
2. political, religious, cultural murals, streamers, banners,
flags,
billboards, flyers, banderittas, effigies
3. social and political photographs depicting poverty,
human
rights violations and other social issues
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THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Social Function (cont’d.)
4. political and social cartoons
5. songs of alternative artists such as: Asin’s Pagbabalik,
Joey
Ayala’s Magkabilaan, Pol Galang’s Bigas hindi Bala,
Freddie
Aguilar’s Anak, etc.
6. poems and literary pieces
7. movies
8. religious visual arts
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Social Function (cont’d.)
b. display and celebrations. Sculptures and
paintings and other visual arts are used to
commemorate important personages and events
in society.
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
Social Function (cont’d.)
e. g. statues and monuments of heroes/leaders,
images of saints and other religious symbols
displayed in religious venues and events like
Christmas lanterns, masks for Moriones and
Masskara festivals
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
3. Physical Function
It refers to the function of art wherein it is utilized for
the physical, bodily and material needs of man to make
him physically comfortable. Art takes physical function
when it is used either as tools or containers.
THE FUNCTION OF ART
Physical Function (cont’d.)
e. g.
Tools – spoons, cars, ball pens, plates, knives, etc.
Containers – chairs, buildings, vases,
communities/subdivisions, houses, schools, churches,
markets, malls, hospitals, recreation centers,
airports, ports, streets, roads, industrial buildings,
parks, plazas, etc.
