Chemistry Project 2024 - 2025

Chemistry

Investigatory
Project

NAME: RISHIT KUMAR

CLASS: XII-B
ROLL NO.:
SESSION: 2024-25
INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM
4. INTRODUCTION
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE
8. OBSERVATION
9. RESULT
10. PRECAUTION
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Rishit Kumar, student of class XII-B has

successfully completed the investigatory project on the topic
“ANTACID” under the guidance of Mrs. Nirmala Singh
(subject teacher) during year 2024-25 in the partial fulfilment
of the Chemistry Practical Examination conducted by CBSE.
Signature
Mrs. Nirmala Singh
(PGT Chemistry)
ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many
people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with this project.
Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete

this project with success. Then I would like to thank my
principal Sr. Jeevanlatha and chemistry teacher Mrs.
Nirmala Singh whose valuable guidance has been the ones
that helped me patch this project and make it full proof
success that her suggestions and instructions has served as
the major contributor towards the completion of this
project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who

have helped me with their valuable suggestions and
guidance which has been helpful in various phases of the
completion of the project.
AIM
To analyze the given
samples of commercial
antacids by
determining the
amount of hydrochloric
acid they can
neutralize.
4. INTRODUCTION
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of
gastric fluid, which includes secretions of digestive
enzymes, mucous, and hydrochloric acid. The acidic
environment of the stomach makes it possible for
inactive forms of digestive enzymes to be
converted into active forms (i.e.
pepsinogen into pepsin),and acid is also
needed to dissolve minerals and kill
bacteria that may enter the stomach
along with food.
However, excessive acid production
(hyperacidity) results in the unpleasant
symptoms of heartburn and may contribute
to ulcer formation in the stomach lining.
Antacids are weak bases (most commonly

bicarbonates, hydroxides, and carbonates) that
neutralize excess stomach acid and thus alleviate
symptoms of heartburn.
The general neutralization reaction is:

Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) → salts + H 2O +
C02
5. THEORY
1. Stomach Acid
Stomach acid is very dangerous. Stomach acid is

highly acidic and has a pH of 1.6. Stomach acid
is hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach. If
there is too much stomach acid it can cause
heartburn. One of the symptoms of heartburn
is a burning feeling in the chest or abdomen.
2.)ANTACID
An antacid is any substance that can
neutralize an acid. All antacids are bases.
The pH of a base is 7.1-14. All antacids
have chemical in them called a buffer.
When an antacid is mixed with an acid
the buffer tries to even out the acidity
and that is how stomach acid gets
neutralized.
3.)SOME FAMOUS ANTACID
BRANDS
• Alka-Seltzer
• Gaviscon
• Maalox (liquid)
• Milk of Magnesia
• Digene
• Eno
• Gelusil
• Gas-0-Fast
4.)DRUG NAMES
1. Aluminum hydroxide
2. Magnesium hydroxide
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Sodium bicarbonate
5. Bismuth subsalicylate
6. Ranitidine
5.)ACTION MECHANISM
Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e.
they buffer gastric acid,
raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach.
When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the
nerves in gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal
pain to the central nervous system. This
happens when these nerves are exposed, as in
peptic ulcers. Antacids are commonly used to
help neutralize stomach acid. The action of
antacids is based on the fact that a base reacts
with acid to form salt and water.
Chemistry of antacids
Ideal antacid
5.)SIDE EFFECTS
-Most people who take an antacid do not have any
side-effects. However, side-effects occur in a small
number of users. The most common are diarrhoea,
constipation and belching.
•Aluminium hydroxide: may lead tothe formation of

insoluble aluminium phosphate complexes,
hypophosphate and osteomalacia. Aluminium
containing drugs may cause constipation.
•Magnesium hydroxide has a laxative property.
Magnesium may accumulate in patients with renal
failure leading to hypo magnesemia with
cardiovascular and neurological complications.
•Calcium compounds containing calcium may
increase calcium output in the urine, which might be
associated to renal stones. Calcium salts may cause
constipation.
•Carbonate: regular high doses may cause alkalosis,
which in turn may result in altered excretion of other
drugs, and kidney stones.
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
 Burette
 Pipette
 Titration Flask
 Measuring Flask
 Beakers
 Weight Box
 Fractional Weights
Chemicals REQUIRED
 Various samples of antacids

 Sodium Hydroxide
 Sodium Carbonate
 Hydrochloric Acid
 Phenolphthalein
7. PROCEDURE
1.Standardization of NaOH- First we will

take 20 ml of 0.1m HCl and titrate it with
unknown concentration solution of NaOH to
find it’s concentration.
2.Determine the mass of antacid for

analysis- Since maximum of our antacids are
tablet, so we will pulverize and/or grind the
antacid tablet with a mortar and pestle.
Measure not more than 0.2g of the
pulverized commercial antacid tablet in a
250 ml Erlenmeyer flask having a known
mass.
3.Prepare the antacid for analysis- Pipette

40.0ml of standardize 0.1M HCl (stomach
acid equivalent) into the flask and swirl.
4. Prepare the burette for

titration- Prepare a clean burette. Rinse the
clean burette with two 3 to 5 ml portions
of a standard NaOH solution. Record the
actual molar concentration of the NaOH.
Fill the burette with the NaOH solution; be
sure no air bubbles are in the burette tip.
Wait for 30 seconds and then read its initial
volume.
5.Titrate the sample- Once the antacid
solution has cooled, titrate the sample with
the NaOH solution to a blue end point.
Watch closely, the endpoint may only take a
few milliliters, depending on the
concentration of the antacid in the sample.
When a single drop of NaOH solution changes
the sample solution from yellow to blue,
stop. Wait for 30 seconds and then read the
final volume of NaOH solution in the
burette.
a.)Repeat the titration of the same sample-
Refill the burette and repeat the

experiment.
b.)Analyze another antacid- Perform the

experiment, in duplicate, for another
antacid. Record all
data on the report sheet.
8. OBSERVATION
Table 1: Standardization of NaOH Soln. Using 0.1
M HCl
S.N Pipette Burette Titrate Concord
O Solution Solution Volume ant Value
(ml) (ml) (ml)
Initial Final
1. 20 0 11.2 11.2
11.2
2. 20 11.2 22.5 11.3
3. 20 22.5 33.7 11.2
Table 2: Titration of GELUCIL using 0.1 M HCl

S.N Pipette Burette Titrate Concorda
O Solution Solution Volume nt Value
(ml) (ml) (ml)
Initia final
l
1. 40 0 8.1 8.1
8.1
2. 40 8.1 16.3 8.2
3. 40 16.3 24.4 8.1

Table 3: Titration of DIGENE using 0.1 M HCl
S.N Pipette Burette Titrate Concor

O Solution Solution Value dant
(ml) (ml) (ml) Value
Initial Final
1. 40 0 15.4 15.4
15.4
2. 40 15.4 30. 15.5
9
Table 4: Titration of ENO using 0.1 M HCl
3. 40 30.9 46. 15.4
S. Pipette Burette Titrat Concord
3
NO Solution Solution e ant
(ml) (ml) Value Volume
Init Final (ml)

ial
1. 40 0 13.3 13.3
2. 40 13. 26. 13.4 13.3

Table 5: Titration of OCID 20 using 0.1M HCl
S.N Pipette Burette Titrate Concord
O Solution Solution Value ant Value
(ml) (ml)
Initia Final
l
1. 40 0 14.6 14.6
14.6
2. 40 14.6 29.3 14.7
3. 40 29.3 43.9 14.6
Table 6: Titration of GAS-O-FAST using 0.1 M

HCl
S.N Pipette Burette Titrate Concorda
O Solution Solution Value nt Value
(ml) (ml) (ml)
Initia Final
l
1. 40 0 15.7 15.7
15.7
2. 40 15.7 31.5 15.8
3. 40 31.5 47.2 15.7

9. RESULT
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
GELUCIL DIGENE ENO OCID 20 GAS-O-FAST
Clearly from the graph Gelucil required least
amount of NaOH for reaching end point
thus it is more effective than other
antacid products used. Arranging in
descending order our antacids are in
order :-
Gelucil > ENO > Ocid 20
>Digene > Gas-O-Fast
10. PRECAUTION
All apparatus should be clean and

washed properly.
Burette and pipette must be rinsed
with the respective solution to be
put in them.
Air bubbles must be removed from
the burette and jet.
Last drop from the pipette should
not be removed by blowing.
The flask should not be rinsed with
any of the solution, which are being
titrated.
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Wikipedia-the free encyclopedia
 www.icbse.com
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.google.com
 Comprehensive Practical Manual in
chemistry for class XII
 Pradeep’s New Course Chemistry
 Chemistry NCERT Class XII Part II

Chemistry Project 2024 - 2025

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Project 2024 - 2025

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Project 2024 - 2025

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry

NAME: RISHIT KUMAR

This is to certify that Rishit Kumar, student of class XII-B has

Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete

Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who

Antacids are weak bases (most commonly

The general neutralization reaction is:

Stomach acid is very dangerous. Stomach acid is

•Aluminium hydroxide: may lead tothe formation of

 Various samples of antacids

1.Standardization of NaOH- First we will

2.Determine the mass of antacid for

3.Prepare the antacid for analysis- Pipette

4. Prepare the burette for

a.)Repeat the titration of the same sample-

Refill the burette and repeat the

b.)Analyze another antacid- Perform the

3. 20 22.5 33.7 11.2

Table 2: Titration of GELUCIL using 0.1 M HCl

3. 40 16.3 24.4 8.1

S.N Pipette Burette Titrate Concor

Init Final (ml)

2. 40 13. 26. 13.4 13.3

3. 40 29.3 43.9 14.6

Table 6: Titration of GAS-O-FAST using 0.1 M

3. 40 31.5 47.2 15.7

All apparatus should be clean and

You might also like