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    Lesson GEC 2 Chapter 1 1

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    Michiko Xs

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    Lesson GEC 2 Chapter 1 1

    Uploaded by

    Michiko Xs
    24 views27 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views27 pages

    Lesson GEC 2 Chapter 1 1

    Uploaded by

    Michiko Xs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Chapter 1

    HISTORY
    At the end of the Chapter 1 lesson the
    students will be able to:

    • Discuss the meaning and relevance of history.


    • Distinguish primary from secondary sources.
    • Critique primary sources for their credibility,
    authenticity, and provenance.
    • Recognize the different repositories of
    primary sources
    WHAT’S YOUR NAME?

    What is the story


    behind your name?
    What is
    HISTORY?
    • It is a study of man and his achievements from the
    beginning of written records to the present time
    (Gray, in De Vianna, 2017).

    • History is the study of the beliefs and desires,


    practices, and institutions of human beings (Torres,
    2018,)
    History was derived from the Greek
    word historia, which means “knowledge
    acquired through inquiry or
    investigation.”
    When the term Historia is adapted to
    Latin, it became known as the account
    of the past of a person or of a group of
    people through written documents
    and/or historical evidences.
    HISTORY CAN BE DEFINED IN MANY WAYS:
    • As a documented record of man and
    society.
    • As a field of study, “it is a study of man
    and his achievements from the beginning
    of the written records to the present time”
    (Gray, 1956 in De Viana, 2015);
    OTHER DEFINITIONS OF HISTORY:

    TRADITIONAL DEFINITIONS
    a. History is the record of the past.
    b. History is a record of the human past from the time written records began to
    appear. (The above definitions are weak for they view history as merely a
    written record.)
    c. According to Gottschalk, history is actuality; hence it must study the past as
    it happened (the practical value of studying and using the past to understand
    the present is lost.)
    d. Interviews or oral history and oral traditions, and cultural artifacts are not
    considered.
    Do you agree or not?
    “ no written documents, no history”
    MODERN DEFINITION OF HISTORY

    - History is the reconstruction of the past based


    on written records, oral history, cultural artifacts
    and folk traditions.
    - Therefore, history is the interpretative and
    imaginative study of surviving records of the past,
    either written or unwritten, to determine the meaning
    and scope of human existence (Funtecha, 2010).
    Why history is important?
    .

    1. Bridging The Gap Between The Present And The Past


    2. Explaining Causes Of Things And Events
    3. Projecting The Future
    4. Interpreting Conditions Of A Given Space And Time
    5. Promoting Nationalism And Patriotism
    To further emphasize
    To further understand
    HISTORY HISTORIOGRAPHY
    Historiography- is the history of
    history
    “Lessons from the
    past can help people
    to not repeat them”
    HISTORICAL
    ANALYSIS/METHODS
    Four headings:

    Selection of a subject for investigation;


    HISTORICAL METHOD Collection sources;
    is the process of critically Examination of the genuineness of sources;
    analyzing the records and
    Extraction of credible sources
    survivals of the past
    HISTORICAL SOURCES
    - are materials used by the historians
    that are not books; i.e. archaeological,
    epigraphical, or numismatistical
    materials in which they have to depend
    largely on museums where they are
    official records (such as archives,
    courthouses, governmental libraries,
    etc.);
    Classifications of Sources
    PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES

    - are materials produced by - are those sources which


    people or groups directly were produced by an author
    involved in the event or topic who used primary sources to
    being studied. These people produce the material
    are either participants or
    eyewitnesses of event (Torres, - as “the testimony anyone
    2018). who is not an eyewitness-
    that is of one who is not
    (e.g. Reports, records, present at the event of which
    photographs, archives, he tells.”
    artifacts etc. )
    ( e. g books, articles, research
    papers, documentaries etc.)
    DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRIMARY SOURCES AND
    OTHER ORIGINAL SOURCES
    Written and oral sources are divided into two kinds: Primary and
    secondary.
    1)A primary source is the testimony of an eyewitness, or of a
    witness by any other of the senses, or of a mechanical device
    like a Dictaphone – that is, of one who or that present at the
    events of which he or it tells.
    2)A secondary source is the testimony of anyone who is not an
    eyewitness – that is, of one who was not present at the events
    of which he tells.
    “ORIGINAL”
    A document may be called original:
    • It contains fresh and creative ideas
    • It is not translated from the language
    in which it was first written before;
    • It is in its earliest, unpolished stage;
    • Its text is the approved text;
    • It is the earliest available source of
    information
    2 KINDS OF CRITICISM OF DOCUMENTS

    EXTERNAL CRITICISM – is the practice of verifying


    the authenticity of evidence by examining its
    physical characteristics; consistency with the
    historical characteristic of time when it was
    produced; and the materials used for evidence (i.e.
    the quality of paper, the type of ink, the language
    and words used, etc.)
    2 KINDS OF CRITICISM OF DOCUMENTS

    INTERNAL CRITICISM – is the examination of


    truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by
    looking at the author of the source, its context,
    the agenda behind its creation, knowledge
    which it formed, and its intended purpose.
    School of Thoughts
    POSITIVISM
    • is the school of thought that emerged between the eighteenth and
    the nineteenth century. This thought requires empirical and
    observable evidence before one claim that a particular knowledge
    is true; entails an objective means of arriving at a conclusion; The
    mantra, “no document, no history” stems from this very truth.
    • Historians were required to show written primary documents to
    write a particular historical narrative; Positivist historians are also
    expected to be objective and impartial not just in their arguments
    but also on their conduct of historical research.
    School of Thoughts

    POST-COLONIALISM
    • A school of thought that emerged in the
    early twentieth century when formerly
    colonized nations grappled with the idea
    of creating their identities and
    understanding their societies against the
    shadows of their colonial past.
    LOOKS OF POST-COLONIAL HISTORY IN
    WRITING HISTORY
    • To tell history of their nation that will highlight their
    identity free from that of colonial discourse and
    knowledge.
    • To criticize the methods, effects, and idea of
    colonialism.
    • Postcolonial history is therefore a reaction and an
    alternative to the colonial history that colonial powers
    created and taught to their subjects.
    See you next meeting!

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