• It is the collective effort to identify, understand

and address worldwide problems that go beyond

the problem solving capacities of the state.
• Problems: climate change, the proliferation of
weapon of mass destruction, terrorism, mass
atrocities, financial instabilities, cyber threats,
transnational crime and pandemics
• The goal of global governance is to provide global
public goods, particularly peace and security,
justice and mediation systems for conflict,
functioning markets and unified standards for
trade and industry.
• The nation state is a system of organization
in which people with a common identity live
inside a country with firm borders and a
single government.
• The nation state is a system of organization
defined by geography, politics, and culture.
The nation is cultural identity that is shared
by the people, and the state is the
governing administration. A nation
state must have a shared national identity,
physical borders, and a single government.
Four essential features: Population, Territory, Sovereignty, and Government.
Population
1.Most obvious essential for a state.
2.The nature of a state’s population affects its stability.
3.States where the population shares a general political and social
consensus, or agreement about basic beliefs, have the most stable
governments.
4.Mobility – affects the political organization of a state.
a) In the United States, millions of Americans change residences
each year.
b) As a result, political power is slowly changing and being modified.
Territory
1.A state has established boundaries.
2.The exact location or shape of political boundaries is often a source of
conflict among states.
3.Territorial boundaries may change as a result of war, negotiations, or
purchase.
Sovereignty
1.Key characteristic of a state.
2.Political Sovereignty – The state has the supreme and absolute
authority within its territorial boundaries.
3.It has complete independence, and complete power to make
laws, shape foreign policy, and determine its own course of
action.
4.In theory, no state has the right to interfere with the internal
affairs of another state.
Government
1.Every state has some form of government.
2.Government – The institution through which the state
maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces
decisions that are binding on all people living within the state.
• It is an international organization, or union, whereby member
states transcend national boundaries or interests to share in the
decision-making and vote on issues pertaining to the wider
grouping. Example: EU, United Nations and the World Trade
Organization (WTO).
• Ways supranational weakened nation state:
a. creation of supranational economy are largely uncontrolled by
nation states, resulting to the restrictions of nation states to
direct national economies.
b. Rise of regional and global institutions such as the EU, ASEAN,
UN to which individual countries submit either because they are
too small to engage in effective competition international
competition or because their economies are so weak.
c. Territorial boarders had been made largely irrelevant by
technological revolution in transport and communication.
• The United Nations is an international
organization founded in 1945 after the Second
World War by 51 countries committed to
maintaining international peace and security,
developing friendly relations among nations and
promoting social progress, better living standards
and human rights.
• The United Nations member states are the 193
sovereign states that are members of the United
Nations (UN) and have equal representation in
the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's
largest intergovernmental organization.
1. General Assembly
• It is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of
the UN.
• All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General
Assembly, making it the only UN body with universal representation.
• It is responsible for upholding the principles of the United Nation
through its policies and recommendations.
• The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a
one-year term of office.
2. Security Council
• The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN
Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.
• It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members).
Each Member has one vote.
• Can authorize the deployment of UN member states’ militaries, can
mandate a cease fire during conflicts. And can enforce penalties on
countries if they do not comply with given mandates.
3. International Court of Justices
• It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its
seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands).
• It is the only one principal organs of the United Nations not
located in New York (United States of America).
• Can settle disputes between states and give opinions, most
advisory, on legal questions brought to it by the UN organs
and agencies.
4. Economic and Social Council
• It is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy
dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and
environmental issues, as well as implementation of
internationally agreed development goals.
• It is the United Nations’ central platform for reflection,
debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development.
5. Secretariat
• Headed by the Secretary General,
provides studies, information, and
other dates when needed by other
UN branches for their meetings.