A book was read by them The portrait is painted by the painter

A game is played by the boy That high tree is climbed by him

ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
The passive vs the active voice:

The Active Voice The Passive Voice

Most countries in Latin America Spanish is spoken in most countries

speak Spanish. in latin America.
Use of the passive voice:
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not
important or not known, however, who or what is performing
the action.
Example: "A letter was written."
The focus, here, is on the fact that a letter was written. We
don't know, however, who wrote it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active
voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A vase was broken.
Focus, here, is on the fact that a vase was broken, but we don't
blame anyone. Compare this to: "You broke the vase."
Form of the passive voice:

Subject + the appropriate form of to be + Past Participle

NOTE: The appropriate form of to be = To be is put in the the

tense of the active voice main verb.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the
following:
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the
passive sentence.
The form of the verb is the appropriate form of to be (the tense
of the active voice main verb) + the past participle.
The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the
passive sentence (or is dropped.)
Passive Verb Form

• simple present • am/are/is + pp

• present continuous • am/are/is being + pp
• simple past • was/were+ pp
• past continuous • was/were being + pp
• present prefect • have/has/been+ pp
• past perfect • had been + pp
• will future • will be + pp
• future perfect • will have been + pp
• going to future • am/are/is going to be +
pp
Modal auxiliaries (will, can, should, ought to,
must, have to, may, and might) are often used
in the passive.
 
 
Form: modal + be + past participle
This class must be cleaned by you

All lesson ought to be learned by students

Example:
Nancy makes tea
Active
subject verb object
Tea is made (by Nancy)
object
Passive subject becoming object
becoming verb
or is dropped
subject
Examples of the passive voice:
Tense Subject Verb Object

Active : Nancy makes tea.

Simple Present
Passive: Tea is made by Nancy.

Active: Nancy is making tea.

Present
continuous
Passive: Tea is being made by Nancy.

Active: Nancy made tea.

Simple Past
Passive: Tea was made by Nancy.
Active: Nancy was making tea.
Past
Continuous Passive: Tea was being made by Nancy.

Present Active: Nancy has made Tea.

Perfect Passive: Tea has been made by Nancy.
Active: Nancy had made tea.
Past Perfect
Passive: Tea had been made by Nancy.
Future Active: Nancy will make tea.
simple Passive: Tea will be made by Nancy.
Future Active: Nancy will have made tea.
perfect Passive: Tea will have been made by Nancy.
Active: Nancy would make tea.
Conditional
Passive: Tea would be made by Nancy.
Active: Nancy can make tea.
Modals
Passive: Tea can be made by Nancy.
Passive voice sentences with two Objects:
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of
the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which
object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

Active/Passive Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2

Active: Nancy offered a flower to me.
Passive: A flower was offered to me by Nancy.
Passive: I was offered a flower by Nancy.
Impersonal Passive:
Study these examples:
They say that the planet is in danger.
It is said that the planet is in danger.
This type of passive is called impersonal because we use the
impersonal form "it is..." This is only possible with verbs of
perception (e. g. say, think, know ...)
Examples:    
It is said that...
It is thought that...
It is believed that...
It is known that...                      
It is also common that we start the passive form of these
sentences with the subject of the that-clause:
Examples:
They say that the planet is in danger.= The planet is said to be
in danger.
They think that women live longer than men. = Women are
thought to live longer.
- Passive voice merupakan kalimat yang mempunyai karakter yang khas baik
itu pada kata kerjanya (verb), maupun struktur kalimatnya, dimana bentuk
verb pada passive voice selalu menggunakan bentuk Verb-3 (Past
participle), dan subjek kalimat (tidak seperti kalimat aktif) dikenai
pekerjaan (menjadi objek penderita) dari suatu kata kerja,
Misalnya,
* Saya <subjek> menendang <k. kerja> bola itu. (aktif)
I kick the ball.
(Subjek melakukan perbuatan)
Tapi, .......
* Bola itu <subjek> ditendang <k. kerja> oleh saya. (pasif)
The ball is kicked <verb-3> by me.
(Subjek dikenai pekerjaan)
- Verb-3 (Past participle) pada kalimat pasif merupakan kata kerja utama
be (are/am/is,
(main verb) yang selalu diawali oleh bentuk-bentuk ‘to be’
were/was, be, been, dan being) being

BENTUK-BENTUK TOBE + VERB 3

- Verb-3 (Past participle) pada kalimat pasif kurang lebih bermakna ‘di….
atau ter....’
Misalnya,
Basic Verb Verb-3
* write <menulis> written <ditulis>
* buy <membeli> bought <dibeli>
* sign <menandatangani> signed <ditandatangani>
* play <memainkan> played <dimainkan>
- Cara merubah suatu kata kerja menjadi Verb-3 (Past participle),
ditetapkan berdasarkan 2 kriteria verb, yaitu:
1. Verb yang perubahannya beraturan (Regular verb)
Tambahkan akhiran ’-ed’ / ’-d’ atau ’-ied’ pada regular verb!
Misalnya,
Cancel → Canceled
Change → Changed
Study → Studied
2. Verb yang perubahannya tidak beraturan (Irregular verb)
Misalnya,
Choose → Choosen
Sing → Sung
Break → Broken
- Kalimat pasif hanya berlaku untuk kalimat yang memiliki ‘transitive verb’
saja, yaitu kata kerja yang memungkinkan memiliki objek.
Misalnya,
* Menulis (write), adalah transitive verb (bisa dibuat kalimat pasif)
Dinda menulis sebuah ceritera pendek <objek>. (aktif)
aktif
Sebuah ceritera pendek ditulis oleh Dinda. (pasif)
pasif
Tapi, ........
* Pergi (go),
go adalah intransitive verb (tidak mungkin memiliki objek)
Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap pagi <keterangan tempat>. (aktif)
Ke sekolah dipergii ..... ???????? → Rancu!!!
Cape dech !!!!!
TIPS ZITU KALIMAT PASIF
A. Langkah-langkah Merubah Kalimat Aktif Menjadi Kalimat Pasif
1. Ambil Objek Kalimat Untuk Kemudian Dijadikan Subjek Kalimat Pasif.
(Posisi objek ada setalah Verb/Kata Kerja)
2. Tambahkan bentuk To Be yang tepat dengan ketentuan:
□ Untuk Kalimat Yang Sudah Ber-Auxiliary
- Modal Auxiliary (Tambahkan To Be bentuk dasar, yaitu BE):
Will / Would (Akan) → Will be / Would be
Can / Could (Bisa, Dapat) → Can be / Could be
May / Might (Boleh / Mungkin) → May be / Might be
Shall / Should (Akan / Seharusnya) → Shall be / Should be
Must (Harus) → Must be
- To Have Auxiliary (Tambahkan To Be bentuk Past Participle, yaitu BEEN):
Have / Has (Sudah, Telah) → Have been / Has been
Had (Sudah, Telah) → Had been
- To be Bentuk Present & Bentuk Past (Tambahkan To Be bentuk Present Participle, yaitu BEING):
Are / Am / Is → Are being / Am being / Is being
Were / Was → Were being / Was being
□ Untuk Kalimat Yang Tidak Ber-Auxiliary
- Verb 1 Berakhiran ‘-s’ (Pilih To Be bentuk present ‘IS’)
- Verb 1 Biasa (Pilih To Be bentuk Present ‘ARE’ atau ‘AM’ <untuk subjek ‘I’>)
- Verb 2 (Pilih To Be bentuk Past, yaitu: - ‘WAS’ <untuk subjek tunggal>)
- ‘WERE’ <untuk subjek jamak>
3. Ubah Verb Kalimat Aktif Menjadi Bentuk Verb-3 (Regular/Irregular)
CONTOH KASUS
1 She will cook fried rice

Langkah 1
Objek fried rice
Ambil objek kalimat untuk memudian dijadikan subjek kalimat.
(Posisi Objek tepat setelah Verb! ‘COOK’ = Memasak, adalah Verb/Kata Kerja)

Langkah 2
Modal Will be
Merupakan Auxiliary MODAL, maka Tambahkan bentuk To Be yang tepat, yaitu BE!
(Artinya Kalimat di atas sudah ber-auxiliary)

Langkah 3
Verb Beraturan Cooked
Ubah verb Cook menjadi Verb-3
(Cook merupakan kata kerja beraturan, maka tambahkan akhiran ‘-ed’

by her
2 I can answer all questions

Langkah 1
Objek All questions
Ambil objek kalimat untuk memudian dijadikan subjek kalimat.
(Posisi Objek tepat setelah Verb! ‘ANSWER’ = Menjawab, adalah Verb)

Langkah 2
Modal Can be
Merupakan Auxiliary MODAL, maka Tambahkan bentuk To Be yang tepat, yaitu BE!
(Artinya Kalimat di atas sudah ber-auxiliary)

Langkah 3
Verb Beraturan Answered
Ubah verb Answer menjadi Verb-3
(Answer merupakan kata kerja beraturan, maka tambahkan akhiran ‘-ed’

by me
3 I have written a funny story

Langkah 1
Objek A funny story
Ambil objek kalimat untuk memudian dijadikan subjek kalimat.
(Posisi Objek tepat setelah Verb! ‘WRITTEN’ = Menulis, adalah Verb)

Langkah 2
To Have Have been / Has been
Merupakan Auxiliary TO HAVE, maka Tambahkan bentuk To Be yang tepat, yaitu BEEN!
(Artinya Kalimat di atas sudah ber-auxiliary, Ada 2 piliahan TO HAVE Present, sesuaikan dengan Subjek Baru)

Langkah 3
Verb Tak Beraturan written
Verb WRITTEN sudah merupakan Verb-3, maka Kita tidak perlu merubahnya!
(WRITEN merupakan kata kerja Tak beraturan, dari kata kerja dasar WRITE)

by me
Has been
4 She had sold her house

Langkah 1
Objek Her house
Ambil objek kalimat untuk memudian dijadikan subjek kalimat.
(Posisi Objek tepat setelah Verb! ‘SOLD’ = Menjual, adalah Verb)

Langkah 2
To Have had been
Merupakan Auxiliary TO HAVE, maka Tambahkan bentuk To Be yang tepat, yaitu BEEN!
(Artinya Kalimat di atas sudah ber-auxiliary)

Langkah 3
Verb Tak Beraturan sold
Verb SOLD sudah merupakan Verb-3, maka Kita tidak perlu merubahnya!
(SOLD merupakan kata kerja Tak beraturan, dari kata kerja dasar SELL)

by her
5 Tono is repairing a radio

Langkah 1
Objek A radio
Ambil objek kalimat untuk memudian dijadikan subjek kalimat.
(Posisi Objek tepat setelah Verb! ‘REPAIRING’ = Memperbaiki, adalah Verb)

Langkah 2
To be are/am/is being
Merupakan Auxiliary TO BE, maka Tambahkan bentuk To Be yang tepat, yaitu BEING!
(Artinya Kalimat di atas sudah ber-auxiliary, Ada 3 piliahan TO BE Present, sesuaikan dengan Subjek Baru)

Langkah 3
Verb Beraturan repaired
Verb REPAIRING merupakan beraturan, maka Kita hanya perlu menambahkan akhiran ‘-ed’
(REPAIRING merupakan kata kerja beraturan, dari kata kerja dasar REPAIR)

by Tono
is being
Exercise
Change the following sentences into passive voice!

• The students were performing a discussion that time.

A discussion was being performed by the students that time.
• They have rewarded Mr. Brown a favourite teacher.
Mr. Brown has been rewarded a favourite teacher by them.
• My parents sold that house 4 months ago.
That house was sold by my parents 4 months ago .
• D’massive will launch a new album next year.
A new album will be launched by D’massive next year.
• Professor Robert is presenting his thesis now.
His thesis is being presented by Professor Robert now.
• We will have ended the exhibition next week.
The exhibition will have been ended by us next week.
• Little Bindi always brings her beloved dog everywhere.
. Her beloved dog is always brought by Little Bindi everywhere
• Brown finally married Cinderella.
Cinderella was finally married by Brown.
• I have ordered some pizzas.
Some pizzas have been ordered by me.
• Shakespeare wrote the story of Romeo and Juliet in 1734.
The story of Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare in 1734 .
• Mr. Suleiman will deliver a speech at 10 o’clock this morning.
A speech will be delivered by Mr. Suleiman at 10 o’clock this morning.
• Captain Terauchi must lead a military ceremony right away.
A military ceremony must be led by Captain Terauchi right away.
• Curt Cobain sang that song in his first concert.
That song was sung by Curt Cobain in his first concert.
• You have ever shown that picture before.
That picture has ever been shown by you before.
Stars were observed by scientists The ball is caught by him
A spider was drawn by the boy A camel was ridden
Sentences are given in the active voice. Change them into the
passive voice

1. He teaches English
2. The child is eating bananas.
3. The master punished the servant.
4. He was writing a book.
5. He wore a blue shirt.
6. I have finished the job.
7. Somebody had stolen my purse.
8. They are going to buy the mension.
9. He will give a flower to me.
10. The police has announced the Crime to public.