Early contacts with
neighboring
countries
- The Philippines already had
trade and cultural exchanges
with its Asian and Southeast
Asian neighbors.
- The seemingly scattered island
group of people actively engaged
in trade and commerce with their
neighbors
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My Subtopics
⬗ Early Trade Route and
Contacts.
⬗ Economic and Cultural
Exchanges.
⬗ The Coming of Islam.
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Early Trade Route and
Contacts
⬗ Ancient Filipinos were expert seafarers and boat
builders. Those were used to travel far and wide to
“
trade with nearby Southeast and East Asian neighbors.
⬗ The Philippines had outside trade contacts, and along
these, varied cultural exchanges took place.
⬗ O.W. Wolters said such a trade may have been there
as early as the third century, based on the pearls and
gold excavated in Funan. Sulu was rich in pearls and
gold was abundant in the country.
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⬗ Filipino historians and archeologists believe
the Filipino-Chinese trade contacts began
“around the 9th century during the Tang
dynasty (618-906 A.D.) They cite as
evidence Tang stone wares that were found
in the Babuyan Islands, along the coasts of
Ilocos , Pangasinan, Mindoro, Batangas,
Manila, Bohol, Cebu, Jolo, Cagayan de Oro.
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“
Arab Trade Routes in
Southeast Asia
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-Between 900 and 1200 A.D., a group of people called
Orang Dampuan from Southern Annam (Vietnam),
established trading posts in Sulu. A flourishing trade
developed between Champa (Annamese Kingdom) and
the people of Sulu who were called Buranun. This trade
proved favorable to the Orang Dampuans. In a fit of
jealousy, the Buranuns massacred some Orang Dampuans
causing the others to fell and return to Champa. It was not
until the 13th century that they would return to Sulu to
trade peacefully once more.
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The famous pearl trade of Sulu also attracted
another group of people known as the Banjar of
nearby Borneo. Regular trade relations ensued
between Sulu and Banjarmassin. The Buranuns,
who had not yet forgotten their tragic experience
with the Orang Dampuans, were also suspicious of
the Banjars. But the traders of Banjarmassin, aware
of the fate of the Orang Dampuans, were more
diplomatic. Instead of antagonizing the Buranuns,
they brought their beautiful princess to Sulu and
offered her as a bride to the Buranun prince, who
eventually married her.
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Arab Traders
⬗ Arab traders relocated to the Malay Peninsula where they sought an
alternative route starting from Malacca and passing through Borneo
and the Philippines to reach Taiwan.
⬗ They continued to carry Southeast Asian goods to the Western world
using this southern route. They also carried Philippine goods on
board Arab ships to the Chinese mainland through Canton.
⬗ So keen was the competition that the Arab ships carried non- Chinese
goods amounting to 20-40% of the total cargo. This lasted up to the
Javanese or Madjapahit period (1337-1478).
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⬗ The Chinese trade in the Philippines greatly improved during
the Ming dynasty (1368-1650).
⬗ During this time Emperor Yung-lo sent a fleet of vessels to the
Philippines, under the command of Admiral Cheng Ho, to visit
Lingayen, Manila Bay, Mindoro, and Sulu in 1405-1406, 1408-
1410, and 1417. - The Chinese Emperor even tried to impose
its suzerainty over Luzon by sending Ko Ch’a-lao as governor.
Emperor Yung-lo’s death, however, put an end to this
ambitious plan.
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Economic and Cultural Exchanges.
⬗ Chinese traders competed with the Arabs
⬗ Sung porcelain
⬗ Chao Jukua’s Chu fan-chi (1225)
⬗ 8th century : type of currency in the
form of barter rings
⬗ 12th century: gold coins (piloncitos)
Cultural Exchanges
⬗ Influenced indigenous lifestyle,
customs and religious beliefs
⬗ Language, system of writing.
Chinese words Adopted in
Tagalog
Chinese
⬗ umbrellas, porcelains, gongs, the
manufacture of gun powder,
mentallurgy, and mining methods
⬗ arrange marriage
⬗ Wearing white clothing, instead of
black (for mourning the death of
family)
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Indians of Indian
⬗ Malays
⬗ Hindu
⬗ Sanskrit
⬗ (Sanskrit variations in Visayan
and Maguindanaoan language)
⬗ agama - religion
⬗ baginda - emperor
⬗ sutra - silk
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MYTHS:
⬗ Indra Batara - Lord of the Universe
⬗ Idiyanale - god of agriculture
⬗ Agni - god of fire
⬗ Padmapani (figurine of the Hindu goddess) Butuan(300
A.D)
⬗ Cord and the Veil (Philippine catholic wedding)
⬗ Laguna Copperplate discoverd in Pagsanjan, Laguna river
delta(1986)
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The Coming of Islam
⬗ Islam spread outside of Arabia in two
stages:
1) Islam was brought to the rest of the
Middle East, Northern Africa, Spain &
Central Asia
2) Muslim missionaries traveled to India,
China & Southeast Asia
⬗ Islam was introduced by Tuan
Masha'ika
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⬗ Rajah Baginda arrived from Sumatra
(1480)
⬗ Abu Bakr succeeded in establishing
government similar to sultanate of
Arabia
⬗ Serif Kabungsuan - first sultan of
Maguindanao
Teachings of Islam
Koran (Qur'an)- The holy book of the muslims. It is written in Arabic. The Koran is
considered the word of the Supreme Creator, Allah.
The teachings of the Koran are the following:
1. There is only one God, Allah, the creator of everything.
2. Allah is a just and merciful God and his desire that all should repent of their sins,
purify themselves so they could enter Paradise after death.
3. It forbids any human or animal representation in their art. Only geometric
patterns are allowed.
4. Eating pork, drinking wine, gambling and other vices are forbidden in orthodox
Islam.
5. Forbids loans and usury.
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6. Muslims are duty-bound to help needy
people.
7. Doing all grave sins deserve serious
punishment.
8. Every Muslims must have goodness
expressed in faith in God and virtues.
9.Followers of Allah has to observe the
following ritualsor obligations.
Rituals or Obligations:
shahada- declaration of faith in the oneness of God
Mecca - praying facing the east
salah - five times a day
sawm - fasting
zakat - giving alms
hadjj - one-time pilgrimage to Mecca
Fasting -observed during the Ramadan -held at the 9th
month of Muslim calendar.
The Sultanate
Unlike the barangays of the non-Muslim ancient Filipinos which were smaller in size and
very much decentralized.
The sultanate governed a much larger territory through centralized network of officials
SULTAN
RUMA BICHARA
Other Officials
Waiir- minister/datu
Maja rajah- customs chief
Rajah laut- chief of the seas
Qadi- chief interpreter of the muslim adats (traditions), law and muslim court (the
Shariah)
