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    Cold and Cloudy Climate

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    SAURABH KUMAR SINGH
    This document discusses vernacular architecture in cold and cloudy climates. It provides examples of traditional housing in Himachal Pradesh, India, which experiences these conditions. Specifically, it examines dwellings in the Bhalyani settlement in Kullu that use local materials like deodar wood and stone in their construction. Features include thick stone walls, small windows, and pitched roofs. Additionally, it looks at dry stone construction techniques common to the region that help structures withstand steep slopes and harsh weather. The document concludes that the traditional designs effectively use indigenous resources to meet local needs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cold and Cloudy Climate

    Uploaded by

    SAURABH KUMAR SINGH
    370 views61 pages
    This document discusses vernacular architecture in cold and cloudy climates. It provides examples of traditional housing in Himachal Pradesh, India, which experiences these conditions. Specifically, it examines dwellings in the Bhalyani settlement in Kullu that use local materials like deodar wood and stone in their construction. Features include thick stone walls, small windows, and pitched roofs. Additionally, it looks at dry stone construction techniques common to the region that help structures withstand steep slopes and harsh weather. The document concludes that the traditional designs effectively use indigenous resources to meet local needs.

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    406550477 Cold and Cloudy Climate

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    This document discusses vernacular architecture in cold and cloudy climates. It provides examples of traditional housing in Himachal Pradesh, India, which experiences these conditions. Specifically, it examines dwellings in the Bhalyani settlement in Kullu that use local materials like deodar wood and stone in their construction. Features include thick stone walls, small windows, and pitched roofs. Additionally, it looks at dry stone construction techniques common to the region that help structures withstand steep slopes and harsh weather. The document concludes that the traditional designs effectively use indigenous resources to meet local needs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    370 views61 pages

    Cold and Cloudy Climate

    Uploaded by

    SAURABH KUMAR SINGH
    This document discusses vernacular architecture in cold and cloudy climates. It provides examples of traditional housing in Himachal Pradesh, India, which experiences these conditions. Specifically, it examines dwellings in the Bhalyani settlement in Kullu that use local materials like deodar wood and stone in their construction. Features include thick stone walls, small windows, and pitched roofs. Additionally, it looks at dry stone construction techniques common to the region that help structures withstand steep slopes and harsh weather. The document concludes that the traditional designs effectively use indigenous resources to meet local needs.

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    You are on page 1of 61

    VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF

    COLD AND CLOUDY

    Submitted by :-
     Bhumika Bisen :- 04
     Gopal Taori :- 08
     Mayuri Agrawal :- 12
     Sakshi Kukde :- 24
     Shrushti Agrawal :- 30
    CONTENT
    •VENACULAR ARCHITECTURE
    •TYPES OF CLIMATE
    •LOCATION
    •CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF CLOD AND CLOUDY
    •MATERIAL AVAILABLE
    •DESIGN CRITERIA
    •LANDFORM
    •ORIENTATION
    •CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
    •CASE STUDY OF BHALYANI SETTLEMENT KULLU, HP
    •CASE STUDY OF DRY STONE HOUSE
    •CONCLUSION
    •WEBLIOGRAPHY
    •BIBLIOGRAPHY
    VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

    EXAMPLE OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE


    DEFINATION
     The word vernacular
    derive from vernacules
    means native.
     Vernacular
    architecture is
    an architectural style
    that is designed based
    on local needs,
    availability of
    construction materials
    and reflecting local
    traditions. TODA HUT
     Vernacular architecture
    tends to evolve over
    time to reflect the
    environmental,
    cultural, technology
    and historical context
    in which it exists.
     Vernacular architecture
    is the simplest form for
    addressing human
    needs
    Vernacular architecture can be broadly divided
    into 3 categories.

    KACHCHA PAKKA SEMIPAKKA

    1.Building made of 1. Building made of


    1. Combina
    natural material material such as
    tion of
    such as mud , stone, brick, clay
    kachcha
    grass , bamboo, tiles, metal or
    thatch or sticks. mortar and
    2. Not made for 2. Expensive to pakka
    endurance . construct
    3. Requires 3. Does not requires
    constant constant
    maintenances and maintenances and
    replacements replacements.
    Kachcha
    house Pakka house

    Semi pakka house


    CLIMATIC ZONES OF INDIA
    A country is divided into
    6 major climatic zones

    1.Hot and dry climate


    2.Warm and humid
    climate
    3. Cold and sunny climate
    4.Cold and cloudy
    climate
    5.Composite climate
    6. Moderate climate
    INTRODUCTION
    • Northern part of
    India experiences
    cold and cloudy
    climate
    •Situated at high
    altitude
    •Intensity of solar
    radiation is low
    CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF
    COLD AND CLOUDY

     Land slide, cloud burst , floods, forest fire


     Deep snow
     Strong wind
     Defrost
     Extreme wind cold
     High wind chill factor
    LAND SLIDE

    SNOW FALL
    TEMPERATURE OF REGION
    1 . SUMMER
     During day 20 degree C - 30 degree C
     During night 7 degree C – 27 degree C

    2. WINTER
     During day 4 degree C - 8 degree C
     During night -3 degree C – 4 degree C

    3. HUMIDITY
     70%-80%
    MATERIAL AVAILABLE
     DEODAR WOOD
     STONE
     MUD
    DEODAR WOOD

    •Easily available
    •Provide stability
    •Insect and termites
    resistance
    TREE OF DEODAR
    •Used in door , window,
    shutter , roofs , beam
    •Soft , easy to work
    DOOR SEASONING

    FURNITURE ROOFING
    STONE
     Easily available
     Good insulation
     Good binding properties
     Mud is filled into the planks
     Sun dried mud block are used
    MUD
     Good insulator and
    binder
     Either mud is filled
    into the wooden
    forms and rammed
     Alternatively sun
    dried mud blocks are
    used for walls
    MUD BLOCKS

    CONSTRUCTION WITH
    MUD BLOCKS
    DESIGN CRITERIA
     ORIENTATION
     CLIMATIC INFLUENCE
     LAND FORM
     OPEN SPACE AND BUILT FORM
     CULTURAL INFLUENCE
     PLANNING OF HOUSE
     SECTION OF HOUSE
     THE ATTIC
     OPENING SPACE
     FLOOR AND STAIR
     WOODEN BALCONY
     WALL PUNTURE
     WALL COURSE
    O
    R
    I
    E
    N
    T
    A
    T
    I
    O
    N
    CLIMATIC INFLUENCE
    LAND FORM

    • Building is
    located in south
    slope for better
    access to solar
    radiation
    • Exposure to cold
    wind can be
    minimize by
    locating the
    building to leeward
    side
    OPEN SPACE AND BUILT FORM
    •Building can be
    clustered
    together to
    minimize
    exposure to
    cold winds
    •Thus compact
    planning is
    preferred
    CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

    •The rural people of himachal pradesh are traditionally


    depend on agriculture and animal as prime economics
    activities.
    •The pattern and build form reflect the activities
    PLANNING OF HOUSE
    •Ground floor – cattle
    shed and storage area
    •First floor – living
    area along with
    kitchen
    •Low height of room
    (2.1 to 2.4 meters)
    •Inner wall thickness
    is 4 inch
    •Outer wall thickness
    9 inch
    SECTION OF HOUSE
    • Plinth area is 5 meter by (13.8 + 0.45 meter)
    • Small window size and low ceiling height
    • Terrace is all round the building should have proper
    slope for efficient drainage
    THE ATTIC
     An intersecting part of the house is the attic
    which used as a storage.
     The main function of the attic is to insulate the
    house.
     It severs as an excellent storage space
    OPENING SPACE
    •Small window size and low ceiling height
    •Roof of building possess proper slope for efficient
    drainage.
    FLOOR AND STAIRS

    FLOOR

    STAIR
    WOODEN BALCONY
    WALL PUNCTURES
    WALL COURSES
    PLINTH AND FOUNDATION
    CASE STUDY
    • Dwelling of Bhalyani settlement at
    Kullu , Himachal Pradesh
    • Dry Stone Construction in
    Himachal Pradesh
    DWELLING UNIT OF BHALYANI
    SETTLEMENT KULLU,HP
    OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

     To understand architectural planning


     To study the material
     To find architectural details
    ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE
     Shelter to provide
    thermal comfort
     Building should be
    oriented to the
    equator i.e toward
    the south
     Settlement should
    have compact
    planning to reduce
    heat loss
    SHAPE OF BUILDING
    FENESETRATION
     Small size opening are
    provided of timber or
    glass shutter
     The opening on ground
    floor is protected by
    balcony above
     The first floor is protected
    through the projection of
    pitched roof
     No opening toward south
    to avoid cool winter air
    WALLS
     Walls made up of stone masonry and timber
    having thickness of 40 to 50 cm
    FLOORING
     Ground floor - Mud or cow dung
     First floor - timber planks
    ROOFING
     Pitched roof made up of timber and the
    covering is done through slate made up of
    stone.
    S
    DRY STONE CONSTRUCTION
     Introduction
     Description for Settlement
     Architecture Features
     Structural Detail
     Construction
    INTRODUCTION
    • This addressing
    building type has
    been identified in
    Himachal Pradesh,
    a Northern part of
    India
    • This construction
    style is nothing but
    traditional housing
    style
    DESCRIPTION FOR SETTLEMENT
    • The villages of the
    districts Chamba,
    Shimla, Kullu and
    Kinnaur
    • There is no local
    name prevalent for
    this building type and
    these are generally
    referred to as
    'pattharkemakan'
    FEATURES

    • (a) Steep Slope


    • (b)Comparatively Gentle
    Slope
    Large opening in wall for light and Use of bricks to accommodate
    ventilation purpose. cupboards at the inside of the
    wall

    A dry stone structure with RC flat slab


    Niche for cupboard seen from under construction. RC columns are
    inside additionally used to support the longer
    span.
    MATERIAL
    1. Timber
    2. Steel
    3. Concrete
    4. Stone masonry
    CONSTRUCTION
     The typical plan dimensions of
    these buildings are: lengths
    between 8 and 12 meters, and
    widths between 5 and 8 meters.
     The building has 2 to 3 storey
     The typical span of the
    roofing/flooring system is 5
    meters. The typical storey height
    in such buildings is 2.5 meters.
     The buildings mostly have solid
    RC slabs (115 to 150 mm thick)
     The foundation is usually of
    the same width as the wall above
    (i.e. 500 mm).
    Retrofitting measures for dry stone
    houses
    Wall section
    CONCLUSION
     From this we conclude that construction
    work is done by locally available material
     Deodar wood and stone as slate is used
     Traditional construction as per the local
    need so it can be termed as the vernacular
    architecture.
    WEBLIOGRAPHY
     https://www.slideshare.net/divya_binu/vern
    acular-architecture-case-study-hp

     http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/wea
    ther.php3?s=595725&cityname=Kullu-Himach
    al-Pradesh-India

     www.slideshare.com
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
     Koenigsberger, O.H., Ingersoll, T.G.,
    Mayhew, A., Szokolay, S.V., Manual of
    Tropical Housing and Building: Climatic
    Design, 1973, India: Orient Longman
     Wood and stone the vernacular architecture
    of himachal pradesh
    THANK YOU

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