Vernacular Architecture OF Gujarat

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

OF
GUJARAT

GROUP MEMBERS :
AMLAN SAHU 007
ASUTOSH TRIPATHY 019
JIBANANANDA SAHOO 030
KAUSHAL SHARMA 031
INTRODUCTION

 Vernacular architecture is an architectural style that is designed based on

local needs, availability of construction materials and reflecting local
traditions.
 Vernacular architecture can be contrasted against polite architecture which
is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for
aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements.
 There are many forms of vernacular architecture of Gujarat but here we will
go briefly of these types:
• Deserts of Kutch
• Pol houses of Ahmedabad
DESERT OF KUTCH
 Geography :
• The Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh located in the Thar Desert in
the Kutch District of Gujarat, India. This area has been inhabited by
the Kutchi people.
 Climate:
• This is one of the hottest areas of India – with summer temperatures
averaging and peaking at 49.5 °C. Winter temperatures reduce
dramatically and can go below 0 °C (32 °F).
CULTURE
 Kutch is a famous destination for

shopping of handicraft work.
 Artist of nearby village bring their art
work for sale in Bhuj.
 It is their important landmarks for people wishing to study and know more
about Kutchi embroidery.
BUILDING MATERIALS
 The first factor influencing the development of vernacular construction

practices is related to the availability of local building materials. In many
areas, the locally available resources have governed the use of the following
constituent materials for walls:
• Adobe (mud blocks or whole walls)
• Masonry (stone, clay, or concrete blocks)
• Τimber
BUILDING LAYOUT
 Another determining factor is the building layout, that is, the typical shape
of a building plan, usually related to many cultural, historical, and urban
planning traditions.
 Three main plan shapes have been identified in traditional buildings :
• Circular plan
• Rectangular plan
• Linear plan
BHUNGA HOUSE
 The Bhonga is a traditional construction type in the Kutch district of the
Gujarat state in India, which has a very high earthquake risk.
 A Bhonga consists of a single cylindrically shaped room.
 The Bhonga has a conical roof supported by cylindrical walls. Bhonga
construction has existed for several hundred years.
 This type of house is quite durable and appropriate for prevalent desert
conditions.
 Due to its robustness against natural hazards as well as its pleasant
aesthetics, this housing is also known as "Architecture without Architects.“
CONSTRUCTION OF BHUNGA
 Bhunga is circular in plan, with cylindrically shaped walls and topped with
conical roof.
 The inner diameter of the Bhunga is typically between 3m to 6m.
 A Bhunga generally has only three openings one door and two small
windows.
 Due to circular shape of wall in plan, inertial forces developed addition, the
thick walls required for thermal insulation have high in-plane stiffness which
provides excellent performance under lateral loads.
 The roofing in wall are resisted through shell action providing excellent
resistance to lateral forces.
 In materials are generally very light weight, and develops low inertia forces.
 Since the roof is constructed from extremely ductile materials such as
bamboo and straw, the performance of these roofs is usually very robust.
ROOF CONSTRUCTION OF BHUNGA
HOUSES
 The conical roof of a Bhonga is supported at its crest by a vertical central
wooden post, which rests on a wooden joist.
 The base of the roof and the wooden joist are generally directly supported
on Bhonga walls.
 Sometimes, the roof load on wooden joist is transferred to diametrically
placed timber posts (vertical members) adjacent to the cylindrical wall.
 This reduces the roof-load on the walls.
 The Bhonga wall is usually extended below ground up to the required
foundation depth, and separate foundation is not traditionally constructed.
 In newer constructions, proper strip footing is also used.
POL HOUSES OF AHMEDABAD
 GEOGRAPHY-
• Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati in the
northern part of Gujarat and the western part of India.
 Climate:
• Ahmedabad has a hot, semi-arid climate , with marginally less rain than
required for a tropical savanna climate.
CULTURE
 Ahmedabad is known for its diversified culture and the celebration of
various festivals with great zeal which transcends demographic and religious
lines.
 Uttarayan is celebrated as a kite flying day on January 14 every year. The
nine nights of Navaratri are celebrated in a traditional manner with people
performing garba at pre-arranged venues, which is the folk dance of Gujarat.
 World's first Swaminarayan Temple was built in Ahmedabad by the
instructions of Swaminarayan.
BUILDING MATERILAS
 Houses are mainly multi-story, usually made of brick and mortar. Massive
walls are supported with timber structures.; many of them are ornamented
with wooden carving.
 In the houses of rich people. There are beautiful engravings on the wooden
frames and the shutters of the cupboards as well as the door panels.
 Each door frame has a todla, a large wooden peg driven into the wall, and a
recess in the wall beside it.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A POL HOUSE
 Pol houses have a minimal frontage on the neighbourhood street, which is

itself quite narrow.
 Side walls of the house are shared with the house next door.
 The street façade is heavily treated with wooden structural and decorative
elements, including carved columns, brackets, window shutters and
balconies.
 The OATLA – Entrance platform –generally a plinth with a row of columns
which marks the limits of the house on the street. used for sitting outside;
sometimes even for washing dishes and clothes; In hindu houses religious
activities takes place in oatla.
 BAITHAK – the formal reception space– used for visitors.
 The interior rooms were not designated as living room, dining room or
bedroom – rather it is very flexible in use.
 Easily movable furniture and bedding allow migration from room to room –
tomsuit the changing family composition or to accommodate to seasonal
changes.
 The kitchen, storage rooms for drinking water and Puja room usually have
definite spaces.
 CHOWK – the Courtyard is the primary element of the house.
• all other rooms are built around the chowk.
• It provides the connection between inside and outside for much of the
house.
• Functions as a light well and a ventilating shaft; moving vertically from the
ground floor through the roof.
• Traditionally, being open to the sky, these spaces infuse in individuals – the
consciousness of nature as well as bringing the occupants into daily contact
with the supernatural and the mythical.
• A water tank is usually located beneath the floor of the chowk.
 The PARASAL – The verandah space around the court; most utilized
spaces in the house.
• It serves as a transitional space, between interior and exterior as well as
public and private spaces.
• The swing is hung in the Parasal.
• In the parasal, there is a provision
for hearth, where the housewife cooks.
 CHULHA – Fireplace The roofs of the pol
houses are sloping – sheds away the
monsoon rains and provides loft space below
for storage.
• Flat roofs/ terraces provides area for drying
clothes and sleeping outside during summer.
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VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

 Vernacular architecture is an architectural style that is designed based on

 Kutch is a famous destination for

 The first factor influencing the development of vernacular construction

 Pol houses have a minimal frontage on the neighbourhood street, which is

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