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Laser Flowmeter: Principles & Applications

1) Laser flowmeters use lasers to measure fluid flow velocities based on the Doppler shift principle. Two laser beams intersect in the fluid flow and scattered light from tracer particles is analyzed. 2) The Doppler frequency shift of scattered light is directly proportional to flow velocity. A photomultiplier tube detects this scattered light and signal processing retrieves velocity data. 3) Laser flowmeters offer non-contact, instantaneous flow measurements suitable for both gases and liquids. However, they require transparent channels and tracer particles.

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419 views14 pages

Laser Flowmeter: Principles & Applications

1) Laser flowmeters use lasers to measure fluid flow velocities based on the Doppler shift principle. Two laser beams intersect in the fluid flow and scattered light from tracer particles is analyzed. 2) The Doppler frequency shift of scattered light is directly proportional to flow velocity. A photomultiplier tube detects this scattered light and signal processing retrieves velocity data. 3) Laser flowmeters offer non-contact, instantaneous flow measurements suitable for both gases and liquids. However, they require transparent channels and tracer particles.

Uploaded by

reddi ramu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LASER FLOWMETERS

PRESENTED BY:
HARISH KUMAR TOMAR
ROLL NO:194103326
DEPT. MECHANICAL
LASER - Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation.
In general we use He-Ne laser or Argon lasers in this as,
• Monochromatic light source.
• It is coherent .
• Its frequency is very stable.

• Its wave length is less effected by changes in ambient pressure ,temperature or


humidity.

Flowmeter- device uses to measure the flow of a fluid.


LASER FLOWMETER
• It is most recent advancement of flow meter.

• It is also known as optical type flow meter.

• It can be used to measure the instantaneous velocities of gasses or liquids


flowing in a transparent (glass) channel.
4

PRINCIPLE
• It is based on the Doppler shift in frequency of the light scattered by an
object moving relative to the radiating source.

• The technique basically consists of focusing laser beams at the region in


the fluid where velocity is to be measured.

• At this focal point the laser light scattered from the tracer particles
contained in the fluid.
• Signal processing of the photo-detector output gives the magnitude of
Doppler frequency shift.
• Which is directly proportional to instantaneously velocity of the flow.
SCATTERED
BEAM

LASER BEAM
SOURCE SPLITTER PMT

LENS 1 PARTICLE
LENS2

SIGNAL
PROCESSING
AND DISPLAY
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LASER FLOWMETER
Laser Flowmeter
Operations
• The laser source sends a beam that is divided by a beam splitter into two beams.

• The two beams are focused by lens L1 so that they intersect at a point in the test section
where there is flow. In the intersection region, interference fringes are formed.

• When particles pass through these, they generate optical signals with frequencies which
equal the Doppler frequency.

• The scattered light experiences a Doppler shift in frequency that is directly proportional to
the velocity of the flow.

• The light is collected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

• A signal processor is used to retrieve PMT velocity data.


• Change in frequency is given by:

2nv 
f  sin  
0 2

Where, n = The index of refraction of the fluid


0 = The wave length of the laser beam in the vacuum.
Advantages of Laser Flowmeter

• The output voltage of the instrument is proportional to the instantaneous


velocity of the fluid.

• Non –contact type of measurements i.e. no physical object is inserted in


the flow field.

• Flow rate is undisturbed by measurement.

• Suitable for measurement in both gas and liquid flows


Disadvantages

• It involves the need for a Transparent channel.

• The measurement technique is not suitable for clean flows that is needing of
tracer particles.

• Selection of tracer particles can be difficult.

• Single point measurement.

• It is highly expensive and requires a high degree of experience and skill in


operation .
Applications

• Sensing of wind velocities.

• Blood flow measurements.

• Used for both laminar and turbulent flow measurement.

• Fluid measurement in open channel.


Laser flow meter.

Blood flow measurement Laser flowmeter by the Teledyne.


This is a real portion of laser
flowmeter being used.
References
• nptel.ac.in/measurement of flows
• youtube.com/laser velocimetry.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement#Laser_Doppler_flo
w_measurement.
• https://www.laserquantum.com
Thank you.

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