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    Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield: Physical Science

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    Joseph Guerrero
    The document discusses limiting reactants, excess reactants, and percent yield in chemical reactions. It explains that when two substances react, one will usually be completely consumed while the other remains in excess. The reactant that is used up is the limiting reactant, and it determines the amount of products formed. The other reactant is the excess reactant. The document provides examples to demonstrate how to identify the limiting reactant and calculate theoretical and percent yields of a reaction.

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    Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield: Physical Science

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Guerrero
    81 views18 pages
    The document discusses limiting reactants, excess reactants, and percent yield in chemical reactions. It explains that when two substances react, one will usually be completely consumed while the other remains in excess. The reactant that is used up is the limiting reactant, and it determines the amount of products formed. The other reactant is the excess reactant. The document provides examples to demonstrate how to identify the limiting reactant and calculate theoretical and percent yields of a reaction.

    Original Title

    LIMITING REACTANTS2

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    The document discusses limiting reactants, excess reactants, and percent yield in chemical reactions. It explains that when two substances react, one will usually be completely consumed while the other remains in excess. The reactant that is used up is the limiting reactant, and it determines the amount of products formed. The other reactant is the excess reactant. The document provides examples to demonstrate how to identify the limiting reactant and calculate theoretical and percent yields of a reaction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    81 views18 pages

    Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield: Physical Science

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Guerrero
    The document discusses limiting reactants, excess reactants, and percent yield in chemical reactions. It explains that when two substances react, one will usually be completely consumed while the other remains in excess. The reactant that is used up is the limiting reactant, and it determines the amount of products formed. The other reactant is the excess reactant. The document provides examples to demonstrate how to identify the limiting reactant and calculate theoretical and percent yields of a reaction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    LIMITING

    REACTANTS AND
    PERCENT YIELD
    PHYSICAL SCIENCE

    Integrated School of Lawa CS_RS11 – Research in Daily Life I


    Excellence Leads to Success
    1
    LIMITING REACTANTS

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    2
    LIMITING REACTANTS

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    3
    LIMITING REACTANTS

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    4
    LIMITING REACTANTS
     When two substances are allowed to react,
    one of them usually reacts completely, while
    the other is not all used up because it is
    present in excess.
     The reactant that is completely used up in
    the reaction is the limiting reactant.
     Limiting reactant determines the
    amount of products formed.
    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science
    Excellence Leads to Success
    5
    EXCESS REACTANTS

     The other reactant that is not completely


    consumed in the reaction

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    6
     
    Consider the reaction between aluminum and
    chlorine

    2 Al + 3 Cl
     It indicates that 2 mol of Al reacts with 3
    mol of Cl.
     The mole ratio of Al to is 2:3

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    7
     If the mole ratio is changed, one substance
     

    will be completely consumed and the other


    will have some left not reacted
    3 Al + 3
    Mole Reactants available : 3 mol Al 3 mol
    Mole Reactants consumed : 2 mol Al 3 mol
     Mole Reactants not reacted : 1 mol Al 0 mol

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    8
     In order to determine which reactants is
    limiting, the amount of product from each of
    the given amount of reactants is calculated.
     The reactant that gives the smaller yield is
    the limiting reactant.

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    9
     
    Sample Problem
    In an experiment, 5.00 g of aluminum is
    heated with 25.0 g of sulfur to form aluminum
    sulfide. The equation for the reaction is:
    +
    a. How many grams of aluminum sulfide will
    be formed?
    b. How many grams of excess reactant will
    remain?
    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science
    Excellence Leads to Success
    10
     
    Step 1 : Write the given facts and unknown
    Given: mass Al = 5.00 g
    mass S = 25.0 g
    Unknown: a. mass
    b. mass of excess reactant
    Step 2: Balance the chemical equation

    +
    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science
    Excellence Leads to Success
    11
    Step 3
    Identify the limiting reactant by calculating the
    amount of product formed from each other of
    the given amounts of reactants
    a. Solve for the molar mass of the first reactant
    b. Solve for the mole of first reactant
    c. Solve for the mole of the product using mole of the first reactant
    multiplied by the conversion factor of mole
    number of the first reactant and the mole of the product
    d. Solve for the molar mass of the second reactant
    e. Solve for the mole of the product using the mole of the second
    reactant multiplied by the conversion factor of the mole number of the
    second reactant and the mole of the product
    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science
    Excellence Leads to Success
    12
     The other reactant that is not completely
    consumed in the reaction

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    13
    PERCENT YIELD
    Various factors can affect the amount of
    product
    1. The limiting reactant in a reaction may
    not completely react
    2. Some of the product may be lost during
    the separation and purification processes
    3. Other reactions, called side reactions,
    may occur and use some of the limiting
    reactants or the product
    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science
    Excellence Leads to Success
    14
    PERCENT YIELD
     
    The Percent Yield of the reaction relates the
    actual yield to the theoretical yield.
    Percent Yield = X 100%
     The actual yield is the amount of product formed from the
    actual chemical reaction and usually less than theoretical yield.
     The theoretical yield is the amount of product formed from
    the calculation of the complete reaction of the limiting reactant

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    15
    PERCENT YIELD
     Sample Problem
    1. Wine is produced by the fermentation of fruit sugar
    (fructose), to alcohol. The chemical reaction is:

    O +

    If 938 g of fructose was used in the preparation


    of wine, what is the percent yield, if after the
    fermentation, 327 g ethanol was produced?

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    16
    PERCENT YIELD
     Step 1
    Write the given facts and unknown
    Step 2
    Determine the theoretical yield
    a. Compute the molar mass of the first reactant from unbalanced equation
    b. Convert the given mass of the first reactant to its moles

    moles of the reactant =

    c. calculate moles of the first product


    c.1. From the balanced chemical equation, identify the mole
    relationship of the first reactant and the first product
    c.2. Compute the moles of the first product

    moles of the first product = moles of the first reactant x conversion


    factor (mole relationship)

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    17
    PERCENT YIELD
    c.4. Calculate the theoretical yield
    c.4.1. Solve for the molar mass of the first product
    c.4.2. Solve for the mass of the theoretical yield by
    multiplying moles of the first product with its molar mass
    Step 3
    Determine the actual yield

     
    Percent Yield = X 100%

    Integrated School of Lawa Physical Science


    Excellence Leads to Success
    18

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