CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION TO
HUMANITIES
Prepared by: GROUP 1
BSIT 1A
HUMANITIES
 In our school curriculum, the humanities cover a wide area of
subject matter such as the visual arts or fine arts like painting,
sculpture and architecture, literature, music and dance. Liberal
arts in college and universities which are included in the
humanities are history, philosophy, theology, and all language.
 The term humanities is derived from the Latin word
“humanus” meaning human, refined and cultured. It is based
on the philosophical view of humanism which stresses the
dictum of Protagoras, a Greek philosopher, that “man is the
measure of all things”, implying that the humanities emphasizes
the dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative
expressions.
ARTS
Derived from the Latin word “ars”, meaning ability
or skill. Art is used in many varied ways covers those
areas of artistic creativity that seek to communicate
beauty primarily through the senses. As embraces
the visual arts, literature, music and dance.
Art applies to such activities that express aesthetic
ideas by the use of skill and imagination in the
creation of objects, environment and experiences
which can be shared with others.
Art work involved when we plan, design and
construct our houses artistically; when we paint, and
decorate them beautifully; when we landscape the
garden artistically; when we paint a poster and when we
write poems, essay, biographies, short stories and plays
and also arts involved when we are compose a melody,
sing songs beautifully, and dance gracefully. There is the
art of dressing, relaxing, art of cooking and in almost all
human activities.
WORK OF ART
An activity that involves both imagination and skill in
accomplishing it. It creates aesthetic feeling or experiences
which delight and satisfy our desire for beautiful things.
Work of art is presented in beautiful language, interesting to
read, arouses, emotional response and has rich imaginary.
Rizal’s poems, “To My Fatherland” and “ My Last Farewell”
and his two nov els, “Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and
El Filibusterismo(Social Cancer)” are great literary works
because they deal with human situations and the
experiences learned from them stay long vividly in our
memory.
WORK OF ART

According to Bogart, a work of art is a record of a

particular artists view. It shows something that he has
seen, felt and thought of and recorded it as an
arrangement of designs, colors, lines and tones or words
which satisfy his aesthetic purpose.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF ART
WORKS
 Words are used in the visual arts like poetry, prose and drama while
musical notes are in musical compositions.
 Visual arts like painting, sculpture and architecture, use lines, colors and
tones or canvass. Operas and novels tell stories and also music and
dances. It is faster and easier to understand and appreciate a song or a
dance than painting and a symphony.
 In poetry, the fixtures of the poetic frame are rhyme, meter, expressive
sound and distinctive grammatical construction of words and metaphor
which are not found in novels and short stories.
 One common elements among works of art is they are concerned with
the audience’s readers’ feelings and emotions.
ARTISTS IN THE WORLD
OF ART
The artist’s credo “art for arts sake” implies that
beauty is the reason for the art work. The artist must
concern is the minds of the viewers or readers. The
artist communicates his thoughts, fantasies,
observations, and self- revelation through his art. He
seeks to open our eyes and ears that we may see the
world more clearly and find the meaning of the arts in
our lives and our role is to sense what the artist is
trying to tell us through his art work.
1. THE VISUAL ARTISTS
The visual artists include the painter, the architect and
sculptor. The painter paints pictures and objects from his
own imaginations. He says,” I think, I see”. Through his
paintings, the painter reveals what he thinks he has seen so
that we, too, can see it with our own eyes.
The sculptor, meanwhile, draws and carves from the
original designs and sketches. He makes scale model statues
of human beings, monuments, buildings and decorations in
clay and chisels our statues from marbles, stone, wood and
clay.
Architect plans, designs and constructs public and
commercial buildings, private residences, theaters,
factories, schools and similar structures. He plans the
layout of structures and coordinates the structural
ornamental elements into unified design. He prepares
sketches of proposed buildings and writes the
specifications. He prepares scale drawings and the details
for the use of buildings. He design and oversees the repair
and remodeling of buildings. He lays out the development
od urban areas. The landscape architect works with lawns,
roads, plants, levels of roads and bridges, hills and valleys.
Other artists in the visual arts are the photographers,
filmmakers and graphic artists.
2.ARTISTS IN MUSIC AND DANCE(ART
OF MOVEMENT)
 In the art of music, the artists are the musicians, the
singers, and the composers. The composer outs tones
together and composes melodies and songs. He conceives
and originates pieces of music. He is song writer. He
says” I think, I hear.” Through his musical compositions,
the composer conveys his thoughts and feelings which he
wishes to share with others.
 The musicians is an artist who is also called by other name
such as composer, performer, instrumentalist, symphonist,
organist, pianist, violinist, flutist, harper, trumpeter,
choirmaster, concertmaster or song leader.
 Singer is a songster, an opera singer, prima donna or
a diva. He may be a vocalist or a soloist. He is also an
artist who sings aesthetically to delight and entertain
others.
The choreographer is an artist who composed or
teaches choreography, or the art of representing stage
dancing by signs or music. He composes and arranges
dance movements or patterns to accompany a piece of
music or develop a theme.
 The dancer is an artist who moves his body
artistically. He also makes gestures beautifully
with the music that accompanies his movements.
He is involved in stage or ballet dancing. The
female ballet dance is known as danseuse while in
male ballet dancing is called danseure
3. THE LITERARY ARTISTS
 The artist in literature are known as poets, novelist,
writers or authors, playwrights and dramatists. The poet
is a literary artist who puts words aesthetically together
in verses or poems. He says, “This is the way I can best
express my inner thoughts and feelings”.
The novelist is a writer of fiction with originally. He is
also known as writer of stories.
The author is also known as writer. The author of a poem
is called a poet. The author of dramtic play is a dramatist.
The playwright writes plays and adapts his
materials for the stage, radio, television or motion
pictures production.
The dramatist writes compositions in pose and
poetry arranged for excitement to be performed by
actors and actresses on stage to portray a character
or to tell a story through actions or dialogue of
characters. The dramatist engaged in dramatic art.
 It is because of their varied
expertise in the use of different
media and materials.
MUSICIAN,
PAINTER ARCHITECT COMPOSER

Paints with pigments Uses musical notes or tones

and uses oil and colors, Works with designs and spoken words that are
canvass or tempera sang

WRITER,
NOVELIST,
SCULPTURE
POET PLAYWRIGHT
,DRAMATIST

Uses words and Works with images Uses words to express their
speak in rhymes thoughts and feelings
PARTHENON-symbols of the culture
that shaped ancient Greece
SAMPLE OF CHURCH ARCHITECTURE AND ART
WORKS OF PAINTERS, ARCHITECT , SCULPTOR

“Church architecture- a symbol of a civilizing power “Ruins at Corinth, symbols

and influence of Christianity in materialistic world.” of a dead religious past.”
MAJOR ARTS MINOR ARTS

•PAINTING •DECORATIVE ARTS

•ARCHITECTURE •POPULAR ARTS
•SCULPTURE •GRAPHIC ARTS
•LITERATURE •PLASTIC ARTS
•MUSIC •INDUSTRIAL ARTS
•DANCE
MAJOR ARTS MINOR ARTS

•Involve man’s skill to create work of •Aesthetic factor lies in the “styling”
art that are in form, content and •Addressed primarily to sense of
execution , aesthetically pleasing and sight and usefulness
meaningful as in music •Inferior in degree, especially in
•They called it major arts because extent of aesthetic quality
they appeal to the sense of sight,
hearing and feeling
•More notable and conspicuous in
effect, dignity, interest and scope.
1. VISUAL ARTS- artwork are perceived by our eyes which
may be classified into graphic arts and plastic arts. (shown in Figure
2(P),3(R),4(B))

1.1. GRAPHIC ARTS- have flat two-dimensional

surface
Example: ( painting, drawing, photograph and other printing
industry)

Commercial Arts- design of books ,advertisements, signs,

posters and other displays for advertisement.
1.2. PLASTIC ARTS- have three-dimensional forms
EXAMPLES:
a. Architectural designs and construction of buildings and other
structure.
• Landscape of gardens
• Parks
• Playgrounds
• Golf courses with plants, trees, vines and ground covers

b. Interior design- for convenience and beauty

• Furnishing
• Accessories
• The floor
• Ceiling
• Wallpaper or paints

c. Textile- for curtains and upholstery

d. Sculpture- produces objects and images out of stones, wood,
clay, metal or ivory
e. Craft or designing and making of objects
• Jewelry
• Ceramics
• Leather-works
• weaving
f. Industrial design- automobiles and household appliances
g. Design of clothing apparel
• Dresses, Coats, Suits, Ties ,Shoes, bags
h. Design for stage production
Sample of relics found in present-day Ilocos.
European décor and furnishing , ubiquitous
antique chair on the veranda, and The
Spolarium.
2. PERFORMING ARTS
• Theatre, play, dance and music
• Involves movements, speaking and gesture
3. LITERARY ARTS
• Short stories. Novel, poetry and dramas
4. POPULAR ARTS
• Films, newspaper, magazine, radio and television
• Characterized as gay and lively
5. GUSTATORY ART OF THE CUISINE
• Involves skill in food preparation
6. DECORATIVE ARTS OR APPLIED ARTS
• Visual objects produced for beatifying houses,
offices, cars, and other structures. ( shown in figure 3R,4B,5F)
• Create things that serves as practical purposes
• Make things that are pleasing to the eye or ear
• Commemorate certain occasions with paintings, songs dance
and dramatic plays to heighten the importance of such events
to keep them memorable and pleasurable
• Build monuments to remind us of the heroic deeds of great men
• A valuable source of inspiration and aesthetic experience
• We are delighted by books that we read and moved by the
music we hear
• Get deep satisfaction
• We enjoy a masterpiece of painting of a first-rate play because
it captured and hold our concentrated attention
• Inspired to plan and construct our own house beautifully by
modern architecture designs
• Get a glympse of thought, feelings and beliefs of the people in
their time and the forces in the environments
• Value beautiful things as a consequences of our encounter
with the arts
• Aesthetic experiences may be influenced to change our way
• Transform us into highly cultured, dignified and respectable
human being
• Arts may beautify our humanity
Arts are also called HUMANITIES.
They bring out the good and the noble us.
LEONEL VENTURA
-he sums up by saying that

“It is not the canvass , the hue, the oil or

tempera, but the contribution of the arts to our
life, its suggestions to our sensation , feeling and
imagination.”
Our attitude towards the arts may be influenced by these
assumptions:
1. Arts has been created by various people, at all places and ti
me. Art exists because it is liked and enjoy. Art does not gro
w old.
2. Art is something to be seen , or heard or
3. Art is the product of man’s imagination, good taste and skill
in doing thing
4. Nature is artful. Its beauty and artistry could be enhanced.
This picture of album, bowl, chandelier and wooden China
cabinet are samples of Decorative arts.
A Work of art for Wall
Figure 6
Decoration
Metal Work of Art
of the Sculptor
as an Artist
Some Guidelines in Understanding a work of art
Here are some guide questions to aid ones understanding of
piece of art work particularly in the visual arts:
1. What did the artist make? What is it about?
2. What did the artist want to show in his work? What is the a
rtwork for?
3. What is the artwork made of?
4. How is the material put together or organized?
5. What is the personality or individuality of the art work?
6. How good is it?
7. What is the meaning conveyed by the art? How does it ma
ke life more meaningful ?
The aforementioned guidelines are essential to
understanding the works in visual arts , particularly
in painting , architecture and sculpture .
Consequently , it may result in better appreciation of
arts . For like ideas unused , art unappreciated is
ignorance . Fully appreciated , art enables us “ to see
the world in a grain of sand and the rise above the sod
of clay and to mount to heaven round by round ”
Wooden Works of Art
Sample of the Philippine
Early Art Work
 A study of early beginning of art in the country shows the relation of
the arts to the life and time out of which they sprung.
 The first expression of art can be traced from prehistoric time which
dates some 500,000 years ago. However, these indigenous art forms and
national treasures pertain more to archeology rather than art.
 Foreign traders played a major role in the development of art in
Philippines. A great number of trade potteries, porcelain and
stonewares have been recovered in the Philippines which provide
evidence of trade during the protohistoric.
 Some Chinese potteries found in the Philippines are from the late Tang
and Northern Sung Dynasties in the 10th Century A.D., the yuan
dynasty in 1280-1368 and early Meng Dynasty in the 1368 A.D.- 1644
A.D.
 Most common finds made by Chinese ceramic artist, and technician are
figurines, ceramics, dishes, bowls, jar lets, vases, and boxes. These wares
are usually dated to the 14th to 15th century.
 Chinese wares produced in the 11th to 13th century were exported to the
Philippines, japan, Malaysia, Indonesia. Vietnamese or Annamese
wares found in the archeological sites in the Philippines are dishes
decorated and saucer-like and are attributed to the 14th to 15th century.
 Various decoration in Ming blue and white have such motifs as the lotus
flower, “the flying-fish dragon” and “winged fish”.
 The Duyong cave in Palawan and the Tabon cave complex( two burial
sites with charcoal in crave fill dated roughly 2680 B.C.)yielded shell
axe-adze, representing a typical Philippine early Neolithic site.
 The excavation of Bato cave in sorsogon province in Southern
Luzon shows the late Neolithic jar burial tradition, associated
with stone ornaments, pottery and stones tools.
 In Palawan Tabon cave complex, in chamber A of the
Mannungul cave, was found a burial jar with distinct cover
showing the figures of men in a boat, presumably paddling
towards the afterlife.
 The typical artifacts in the early metal age were beads and
bracelets made of glass. Some of these could have been brought
to the Philippines by migration of people from the south and
southwest before the appearance of iron.
 Beads made of agate, carnelian, amethyst, rock, crystal and
sapphire are believe to have originated in mainland southeast
Asia.
 Artifacts that characterized the early metal age include bronze-
socketed adze and beautifully carved jade ornaments made of hard
green nephrite.
 Among this are ear pendants of the “Lingling-O” type, related to
the pendants still worn by the ifugao tribes of northern Luzon. Jar
burial was continuously practiced and continued in the 20th
century by the tagbanuas of Palawan.
 Pottery making which already existed during the Neolithic period,
become a highly develop technology.
 Geometric lines and curvilinear designs were common, as will as
mat and basket impressions and painted design: the art of pottery
became sophisticated, hence, the period became known as the
golden age of Philippine pottery.
 The impacts of contacts with people of mainland Asia and
the middle east resulted in new ideas, values and attitudes
among the early Filipinos.
 The Sta ana archeological record reveals that the residents of
the sites acted as middlemen in the trading of Chinese
porcelain and other products and neighboring areas.
 In the Sta ana, 19th graves of children yielded a striking
number of 170 pieces of trade pottery consisting mostly of
brown wares and the rest are celadon spouted vessels, small
plates and eared jarlets. 1 grave contained necklace of 59
glass beads of Chinese origin.
 70 percent of the Chinese pottery was of Chinese origin.
 Chinese archaeologist identified the wares or artifacts in butuan,
Samar, Leyte and Rizal provinces as guandong wares from china.
They consisted of bowls and dishes with string, boxes, ewers,
jarlets bottles, basins and jars.
 The decorative technics employed by the guandong potter during
the sung dynasty were stamp impressions, engraving, moulding,
incising, combing, painting and spotting with wide ranging design.
 Most of the ceramics ware found in the excavation than by the
national museum’s archeological team in many localities in the
country belong, to the Ming period of Chinese history or between
the 12 and 15th centuries. They were normally found in association
with burial as grave furniture or “Pabaon”, a traditional practice
among other people in southeast Asia.
SOUTHWESTERN PHILIPPINE ART
Among the people who have absorbed the Islamic cultural
specialization in varying degrees are the Maranaw, Tausog,
Maguindanao and Sama-Badjao.
The male art is predominantly curvilinear, while the female is
largely geometric in form.
Masculine decorative compositions are usually devised from few
basic motifs like circle, bird, leaf and fern, and flower. Some of the
basic motifs in the feminine form on their ornamental art include the
circle, “Artificial Moon”, square, rectangle, diamond and zigzag.
The common animate representation are the serpents and artificial
cock.BB
 The “S” form is the most simple abstraction of the serpent and
this the most commonly use figure in Maranaw art. The cock is
often place atop a bamboo pole among flags and buntings during
festive occasion.
 Other figurative motifs in Maranaw art are forms like the
crocodile, parrot or grasshopper head, swallows tale which form
part of larger design.
 Contact with other cultures and recent years resulted in the
addition of newer figures as the eagle, lion, peacock, elephant
and others. The indigenous art “okil” of the people of Sulu
archipelago antedates the arrival of the islams.B
It is said that when a Badjao dies, the grave
markers use consists of part of his boat frames.
The females figures are identified with combs while
the males are provided with the turbans.
A more recent appearance in Sulu are stylish
frames of beds that are ornately conceived to mark
graves. Canopies, buntings, flags and food offering
in the graves yards exude a feeling of life and the
continuing relationship with the non living.
THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU !!!