Review of Tenses

Verbs!

Verb forms
Review of tenses

Indira
Monday 4-6 pm
1

Timeline
Draw a timeline of your life. List 810 events on the time line.
Make sure you list your future

Moved to
graduation date!
Cali 2005
Was Born
1978
Traveled
to Europe
School
@ Oxford
1999
Started
School 1983
Husband
graduates
Got married
2008
The Six English Verb Tenses

Three Simple Tenses
Simple continuous
Present You walk.

I run.
You are walking

I am running.
Past You Walked

I ran.
You were walking.

I was running.
Future You will walk.

I will run.
You will be walking.

I will be running.
Three Perfect Tenses
Perfect continuous
Present perfect you have

walked.
I have run.
You have been walking.

I have been running.
Past Perfect You had walked.

I had run.
You had been walking.

I had been running.
Future Perfect You will have

walked
I will have run.
You will have been walking.

I will have been running.
The Simple Present Tense

Expresses a habit or often repeated action.
Adverbs of frequency such as, often, seldom,
sometimes, never, etc. are used with this
tense.
She goes to work everyday.

They always eat lunch together.
On your handout, write one sentence that reflects
SIMPLE PRESENT: something you do often,
sometimes, never, seldom
The Simple Present Tense

This tense also expresses general truths or
facts that are timeless.
Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
The Present Continuous

This tense is used to describe an action that is
occurring right now (at this moment, today, this
year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in
progress. It can be occuring now, but is temporary
Formed by adding
Is/are before the verb
and ing to the verb
She is typing a paper for her class.

He cant talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: something that is
occurring right now.
The Simple Past

We use the simple past to indicate exactly
when an action or event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.

We went out to dinner last night.
SIMPLE PAST: something you did in the past that is
now completed (over, done).
The Simple Past

The simple past is used to describe actions
and/or events that are now completed and no
longer true in the present.
Formed by adding
-ed to REGULAR Verbs
see IRREGULAR Verb forms
I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)

I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I dont see movie
very much anymore.)
The Past Continuous

The past continuous is often used with the
simple past to show that one action was in
progress when another action occurred.
Formed by adding
Was/were before the verb
and ing to the verb
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.

They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit
The Past Continuous

The past continuous is used to talk about an
activity that was in progress at a specific point
of time in the past. The emphasis is on the
duration of the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was

cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night

PAST CONTINUOUS tense.
The Present Perfect

The present perfect is used to talk about an
event that began in the past and continues up
to the present.
Formed by adding has/have

before the verb and ed to
the REGULAR verb
He has lived in Modesto for two years.

(He began living in Modesto two years ago and he still lives there.)
The Present Perfect

The present perfect is also used to talk
about an event that was completed in the past,
but the specific time of the event is not
important.
Formed by adding
has/have before the
verb and ed to the
reugalr verb
I have seen that movie before.

He has already visited Vietnam.
(Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)

PRESENT PERFECT tense.
Perfect tenses (pg 216)
Have or Has + the present participle

of the word
Simple Past or Present

Practice, pg 217 Perfect?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I __________
went
to Mexico in 2002. (go)
I __________
deep sea diving a few
have gone
times (go).
has studied
The drummer in the band __________
percussions since he was five. (study)
It __________
the jury two hours to
took
reach their verdict yesterday.
Washington, D.C., _____________
the
has been
capital of our country for many years.
(be)
Present Perfect Continuous

This tense is used to describe the duration
of an action that began in the past and
continues into the present.
He has been studying grammar for an hour.

She has been cooking all day.
(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)
Present Perfect Continuous

This tense is also used to describe events
that have been in progress recently and are
rather temporary.
Formed by adding has/have +
be verb (been) before the verb
and ing to the verb
She has been living in Taiwan for the last two

months, but she plans to move soon.
The Past Perfect

This tense describes completed events that
took place in the past before another past
event.
had received
it hit
had eaten
my friend stopped by
Formed by adding
has/have before the verb
and ed to the REGULAR
verb
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.
Past Perfect Continuous

This tense is used to emphasize the
duration of an action that was completed
before another action or event in the past.
had been
driving
she found the right office
Formed by adding
has/have + be
verb(been) before the
verb and ing to the verb
She had been driving around the city for three

hours before she finally found the right office.
The Future
Will and be + going + to are often used to
describe future actions.
Thomas will graduate in June.

Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.
The Future
The simple present and present continuous
are also used to express future time. These
are often used used in connection with
schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven oclock.

The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
The Future Continuous

This tense is used to describe an event or
action that will occur over a period of time at a
specific point in the future.
Formed by adding
[will have]+ing
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive
I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you arrive
tomorrow.
The Future Perfect

This tense is used to describe an event or
action that will be completed before another
event or time in the future.
will have finished the exam
class ends
We will have finished the exam by the time class

ends tomorrow.
Future Perfect Continuous

This tense describes an action that has
been in progress for a duration of time before
another event or time in the future.
finishes law school
will have been living in the

U.S. for eight years
By the time he finishes law school, we will have

been living in the U.S. for eight years.
Practicing with sequence

Exercise 1, pg 220
1. The program will continue only after the
coughing and fidgeting have
__________
stopped.
(stop)
2. Because he was poor and unappreciated by
the music world when he died in 1791,
Mozart did not realize the importance his
music __________
would have in the future. (have)
3.
will buy
Dad will tell us tonight if he ____________
a new car next month.
Practicing with sequence

Exercise 1, pg 220
4. Albert Einstein failed the entrance exam at the
Swiss Federal institute of technology because he
had never been
__________________
a very disciplined student.
(be + never)
5.
Einstein
liked studied only subjects that he
__________ . (like)
6.
will soon
Cancer researchers
think be
its likely that a cure for
most cancers ____________ found. (be + soon)
Unnecessary Shifts in Tense

Read this paragraph. Identify the verb tenses. Revise
the paragraph to be a consistent tense (pg 222).
The customer demanded to see the

manager. He was angry because
every jacket he tries on has
something wrong with it. A button
was missing on the first, the lining
did not hang properly on the second,
and the collar had a stain on the
third.
Past tense
Present tense
Voice: Passive v. Active
In the active voice, the subject is

doing something.
(pg 225)
Subject
Verb
The committee
_____the decision.
_________made
In the passive voice, something is

being done to the subject.
Subject Verb
The decision
was made by the committee.
_______ _________
Why choose one over the

other?
In general, choose the active voice

to achieve direct, economical, and
forceful writing. Most writing
should be in the active voice.
Choose the passive voice to deemphasize the actor or to avoid

naming the actor altogether.
It all depends on your

emphasis.
Emphasizes
the assassin
1. Lee Harvey Oswald shot President John F. Kennedy in

1963.
Emphasizes
the
president
2. President John F. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey

Oswald in 1963.
Emphasizes
the act
3. President John F. Kennedy was shot in 1963.
How do you form passive?
meals
The books
race
Subject acted upon + The
have
are
was been
cooked
illustrated
won
Verb to be +
(by
(by the
the chef)
past participle +
artists)
runner)
by phrase (optional)
Subjunctive mood
Indicative expresses fact
Imperative expresses command
Subjunctive expresses conditions
contrary to fact or expresses
urgency/demand:
If I were you, I would drive home on

Sunday.
I insist that he drive home on Sunday.
Should/Would, Used
to/Supposed to, can/could,
and will/would.
Do not use more than one can,

may, might, should, ought
Do not follow with of (not should

of, but should have)
Can/could; will/would
Could as the past tense of can
Would as the past tense of will.
Used to/ supposed to
Do not omit the final d in the phrases

I am used
to walking.
use to
We are suppose
supposed to
to meet him for
dinner.
THE END

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Verbs!

Make sure you list your future

The Six English Verb Tenses

Present You walk.

You are walking

Past You Walked

You were walking.

Future You will walk.

You will be walking.

Three Perfect Tenses

Present perfect you have

You have been walking.

Past Perfect You had walked.

You had been walking.

Future Perfect You will have

You will have been walking.

The Simple Present Tense

She goes to work everyday.

The Simple Present Tense

Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.

The Present Continuous

She is typing a paper for her class.

The Simple Past

I visited my sister yesterday.

The Simple Past

I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)

The Past Continuous

I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.

The Past Continuous

I was studying for an exam while my mother was

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects

The Present Perfect

Formed by adding has/have

He has lived in Modesto for two years.

The Present Perfect

I have seen that movie before.

On your handout, write one sentence that reflects

Perfect tenses (pg 216)

Have or Has + the present participle

Simple Past or Present

Present Perfect Continuous

He has been studying grammar for an hour.

Present Perfect Continuous

She has been living in Taiwan for the last two

The Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

she found the right office

She had been driving around the city for three

Thomas will graduate in June.

She is meeting a new client at eleven oclock.

The Future Continuous

I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

The Future Perfect

We will have finished the exam by the time class

Future Perfect Continuous

finishes law school

will have been living in the

By the time he finishes law school, we will have

Practicing with sequence