Communication Disorder

Communication Disorder

By: Hermy Frances A. Asido

BSN4G
COMMUNICATION DISORDER
• EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER

• Impaired ability to communicate
through verbal and sign language.
• The child has difficulty learning new
words and speaking in complete and
correct sentences; his or her speech
is limited.
MIXED RECEPTIVE EXPRESSIVE
LANGUAGE DISORDER
• Includes the problems of expressive
language disorder along with
difficulty understanding (receiving)
and determining the meaning of
words and sentences.
PHONOLOGIC DISORDER
• Involves problems with articulation

(forming sounds that are part of
speech).
• Example, Shie at age 6 still sad
“wabbit” instead of rabbit and
“thwin” for swim.
• It is not unusual for 3 yrs old to
substitute the “f” sound for “th” in
their speech; I am “firsty” (thirsty).
These error, should not however, be
STUTTERING
• Disturbance of the normal fluency
and time patterning of speech.
Causes
• Developmental language disorder
• This is the most common reason for
speech/language problems in
children. The cause of this disorder
has something to do with the
nervous system, but its exact cause
is unknown.
• Hearing loss
• Hearing impairment is the most
frequently overlooked but the most
easily found cause of language
problems. Your child's hearing should
be tested. Normal speech/language
development depends on good hearing
and listening skills. If there is a hearing
problem, speech and language may not
develop at a normal rate. Chronic
middle ear infections almost always
interfere with hearing
• Mental retardation
• Children with any level of mental
retardation will also have language
problems. A child who is intellectually
impaired is likely to have problems in
all aspects of language.
• Autism or pervasive development
disorder (PDD)
• A child with autism or PDD will
usually have problems with
communication.
• Learning disabilities
• Children who have learning
disabilities have neurologically based
learning problems that may be
observed as a short attention span,
poor memory, and delayed or
disordered language development.
These learning difficulties can
interfere with a child's success in
school and social interactions with
peers.
• Not having a good example
• Learning language strongly depends
on hearing others speak. There must
be enough language models
available for the child to develop
normal language skills.
• Developmental delays related to
prematurity
• Many premature babies are
considered at high risk for delays in
their intellectual, motor, and
language skills. All areas of their
• Neurological impairment
• Some motor disorders such as
cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy,
and traumatic brain injury affect a
child's muscles, including those
involved in speech production.
• Structural abnormalities
• There are many structural
abnormalities that affect speech.
These can include cleft lip or cleft
palate, tracheal stenosis, or
craniosynostosis (deformity of the
• Impaired decoding of speech
• A child who cannot decode speech
sounds has a disorder known as
"word deafness." Using visual
communication such as sign
language or gestures works for these
children.
Language therapy aims to:
• improve your child's ability to
understand language
• increase your child's vocabulary
• expand your child's use of expressive
words and sounds
• help your child develop language to
an appropriate level
• The goals of speech therapy are to
correct deviant speech sound
production, teach phonological rules,
and correct inappropriate vocal pitch,
intensity, or intonation.
• If your child cannot speak, language
therapy will focus on providing
another system of communication.
This can include the use of a gestural
or sign language, picture boards, or
an electronic device.
• How can you help your child at
home?
• Talk to your child.
• Children learn words and the rules
for using them by listening to others
talk. They model their language
behaviour after you. Therefore, what
you say and how you say it is
important. Dialogue is a natural part
of many daily routines such as
mealtime, bath time, and dressing.
Your child can expect certain
language to be used over and over
again within his familiar routines.
• Encourage your child to ask for
items, make choices, and answer
questions at his language level.
• Teach your child to use words
instead of crying or pointing to
satisfy his basic wants or needs.
• Listen to your child.
• Encourage storytelling and sharing of
information.
• Encourage play.
• Provide objects and toys appropriate to
your child's level of play. Use the toys
yourself and call your child's attention
to how you use them. Set aside a
special time each day to play with your
child. Give him opportunities to play
with other children.
• Sing to or provide music for your child.
• Help your child learn new songs. While
singing, a child learns new words and
sentence patterns, memory skills,
listening skills, imitation, and
expression of thoughts and feelings
through words.
• Plan family trips and outings.
• Language is based on ideas and
experiences. Talk about the new
experiences.
• Read to your child.
• Ask a librarian for books appropriate
for your child's age. Reading
provides an opportunity to teach and
review words and ideas.

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Communication Disorder

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Communication Disorder

By: Hermy Frances A. Asido

• EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER

• Involves problems with articulation

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