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SMART SKILLS
CLASS-XI

FASHION STUDIES (Code No. 837)

Preamble:

Fashion is dynamic and ever changing. It is one of the most powerful forces in our
lives. It influences every facet of our lifestyle at a particular period in time e.g. the
clothes we wear, the music we listen, the food we eat, where we go for holiday or the
car we drive in etc.
Fashion is a big business and key driver for several industries e.g. apparel,
accessories, textiles, automobiles etc.
The purpose of the course ‘Fashion Studies’ is to tell the students about the
fundamentals of fashion design. Fashion Design as a profession includes the entire
process of designing and producing fashion apparels from the fibre and yarn stage to
the finished product. The course will give an overview of fashion design and
elaborate on different aspects like elements of design, history of fashion, fabrics, and
understanding of the body, pattern development and garment construction.

COURSE CONTENT

Unit - I : Introduction to Fashion Studies 15 Marks

Objectives of the course
 To learn appropriate fashion terminology
 To understand the fashion business
 To gain knowledge of the working and interrelationships of different industries and
services that comprise fashion business
 To differentiate and appreciate the nuances of fashion terminology
Learning outcome
 After finishing the course, the students shall be able
 To use appropriate terminology used in fashion world
 To understand the interrelationship in fashion business
 To get the overview of fashion
Course content
 Fashion-definition of fashion in all its aspects.
 Style-the definition of style and differentiation from fashion.
 Trend-definition of the term, origin of trends and fashion.
 Understanding the similarity and difference between design art and craft.
 Understanding the role of fashion professionals like designer, stylist, merchandiser
and coordinator.
 Fashion Cycle, International Trade in Fashion.
 The various aspects of fashion business. designing, manufacturing and retailing
scenarios for apparel.

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Methodology of teaching: Illustrated lectures with slides and visuals

Reference Text: Concept to consumer, by Gini Stephens Frigns
Inside Fashion Business, by v. Jeanette A. Jarrow,
Miriam Guerriro, Beatrice Judelle

Unit. II: Introduction to Fabrics 10 Marks

Objectives of the course
 To initiate students into the world of fabrics
 To introduce students to the origin and properties of natural, manmade and
synthetic fibres and fabrics.
 To make students aware of spinning, weaving, knitting and bonding etc.
 To teach the students behavior of fabrics in terms of use and performance.
 To brief them about various finishes.
Learning outcome
 After finishing the course, the students shall be able
 To identify and differentiate between fabric varieties
 To understand the various processes of fabric manufacturing
 To understand the various kinds of finishes both of routine nature and special
finishes that enhances performance and aesthetics of the fabric.
Course content
 Uses of fabrics-for various categories of apparel.
 Understanding the characteristics and properties of natural, synthetic and manmade
fibres and blends.
 Conversions of fibres into yarns, novelty yarns, difference between thread and yarn.
 Conversion of yarns into fabrics using looms & knitting machines etc. illustrated
through actual fabric samples.
 Understanding different type of routine fabric finish - from grey fabric to fully
finished fabric.
 Performance finishes: fabric finishes enhancing properties of fabrics such as shrink
resistance, permanent press, flame retardant etc.
 Aesthetic finishes: Fabric finishes for value addition of the fabrics such as printing,
embossing, dyeing etc.
 Product Cycle and the link between yarn, fabric and garment.
Teaching Methodology: Illustrated lectures with slides and visuals along with actual
fabric samples.
A teacher would be expected to create a library of fabrics to explain conduct the classes.
Reference Text: ‘Textiles’ by Sara Kadolph & Anna Langford
Essentials of Textiles, by Marjorie Joseph.

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Unit - III: Elements of Design 15Marks

Objectives of the course:
 To introduce the students to the basic elements of design
 To increase and build sensitivity to the forms around them
 To develop and initialize a design vocabulary, an essential tool for practicing as
designers
 To create visual images with a greater variety of methods and materials to provide
unexpected excitement and solutions.
Learning outcome
 After finishing the course, the students shall be able
 To demonstrate enhanced ability and sensitivity to elements of design
 To use their developed ability to observe finer details around them
 To develop basic design language
 To relate the elements of design to understand design process for their projects
Course content
 Understand the concept of design.
 Understanding line as an important element of structure that determines the
direction of visual interest in the context of a garment.
 Understanding 2D and 3D forms.
 Understanding the colour quality, intensity, relationship with other colours,
textures, shape etc.
 Selection of fabric for its appearance and texture- fibre, yarn, manufacturing
technique, finish and colour.
 Harmony to achieve the condition in which all the elements of design work together
successfully.
 Understanding of balance and proportion to enable the students to emphasize or to
underplay and certain elements.
Teaching Methodology: Illustrated lectures with slides, visuals and demonstrations
wherever required.
Evaluation Criteria
 Understanding of the assignment given
 Quality of the work submitted
 Daily assessment to be done after each student presents their work
 Marks would be given for level of improvement of work
 10% marks to be given for punctuality, regularity and sincerity
 Timely completion of the project
Reference Text: ‘Grafix’ by Wolfganghageney
Repeat pattern-Peter Phillips, Gillian Bunce
Design Elements 2 -Richard Hora

Unit - IV : Elements of Garment Making 20 Marks

Objectives of the course

 To Introduce the students to garment making

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 To make them familiar with sewing machine and its parts

 To make them familiar with use of other sewing aids
 To teach them basic hand and machine stitches
 To teach them simple machine operations

Learning outcome
After finishing the course, the students shall be able
 To work proficiently on the sewing machine
 To rectify simple problems of the machine
 To stitch different seams on the machine
 To finish edges with hand stitches
 To make gathers, pleats and tucks on the fabric
Course content
 Introduction to sewing machine, its various parts and functions along with other
sewing aids.
 Understanding the simple problems of sewing machine and its maintenance.
 Develop proficiency in straight and curved seams.
 Basic hand stitches - basting, hemming, back stitch, running stitch etc. with their end
use.
 Basic machine seams used for stitching or finishing various parts of the garments
like plain seam French seam, flat fell, lapped etc.
 Fabric manipulation like gathers, pleats and tucks etc.
Teaching Methodology: Illustrated lectures with slides, visuals and demonstrations
where ever required.
Evaluation Criteria
 Understanding of the assignment given
 Quality of the work submitted
 Daily assessment to be done after each student presents their work
 Marks would be given for level of improvement of work
 10% marks to be given for punctuality, regularity and sincerity
 Timely completion of the project
Reference Text: Encyclopedia of Dressmaking, by Marshall Cavendish
Readers Digest book of Sewing, Encyclopedia of Sewing.

FASHION STUDIES PRACTICAL

 Exercises using elements of art like line, form, colour, texture, space etc. following
the principles of design
 Exercises on colour wheel, value chart, intensity chart, colour schemes
 Exercises on hand stitches - basting, running, hemming, back stitch and its
variations
 Seams - plain, French, lapped, flat fell, Hongkong, eased and top stitched
 Gathers, pleats and tucks
 End term project

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 Viva voce and portfolio

UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO FASHION STUDIES

VERY SHORTANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What according you can be defined as ‘Fashion’?

2. Define:
- Fashion cycle
- Designer,
- Knock offs,
- Fashion motivators,
- Trend analysis,
- Greige goods,
- Trend
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. How have scientific development had significant influences on fashion?

2. What do you understand by “shock versus stock’?
3. What are the factors which guide the selection of a store/ outlet by a brand?
4. State two reasons which make fashion leaders Avante Garde?
5. Define a ‘prototype’ and ‘toile’
6. “Fashion is a serious business.” Justify.
7. Briefly explain the three methods of making patterns.
8. Explain the role of a merchandiser.
9. Explain fashion forecasting.
10. Differentiate between – classic and fad
- style and fashion
- limited and mass fashion
11. Discuss with suitable examples the concept of cycles within the fashion cycle.
12. Who are fashion followers and what is their role in fashion industry?

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13. Explain how tickle up theory of fashion is relevant in men’s wear? Support with two
suitable examples.
14. Differentiate between –
a. fashion leaders and fashion motivators
b. fashion victims and fashion followers
c. fashion innovators and fashion leaders
15. Explain briefly about the linkages and differences between design, art and craft.
16. Define the term fashion cycle and discuss its various stages using appropriate
illustrations.
17. Discuss the factors influencing fashion with suitable examples.
18. ‘History has examples where political factors have strongly channelized the course
of fashion’ justify the statement using appropriate examples
19. Explain ‘fashion forecasting’ in detail.
20. Who are fashion change agents? Discuss their role in spreading fashion.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. (a) Why is a fashion cycle always a bell curve never touching the dimensions of zero
on a line?
(b) Diagrammatically show a fashion cycle for Fads and Classics
2. Explain the stages of a fashion cycle. Illustrate your answer with a graph.
3. Discuss the importance of the role of a designer. Also, highlight the designer
worksheet.
4. Explain how fashion moves in the [Link] do you understand by the bubble up
theory of fashion in detail?

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UNIT II : INTRODUCTION TO FABRICS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name an environment friendly fiber. Why is it called so?

2. List any one most relevant strength and weakness of a rayon fabric.
3. What does TPI stand for?
4. Give two examples of protein fibers
5. What are the chemicals used for imparting flame resistant and water repellant finish
to the fabrics?
6. Why is spandex used in sports wear?
7. Give two examples each of regenerated and synthetic fabrics.
8. Why is degumming essential?
9. Define worsted fabrics
10. Which fiber is called ‘artificial silk’?
11. What are the basic building blocks of fabrics?
12. What does ‘ASTM’ stands for?
13. Name the secondary operation of a loom.
14. What is ‘Dope Dyeing’?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What do you understand by ‘weight’ and ‘hand’ of a fabric?

2. State two uses of spandex
3. What are blends? Why is blending of fibers done?
4. ‘All threads are yarns, but all yarns are not threads’. Explain
5. Explain the types of wool.
6. What properties are introduced in a yarn as a result of twisting?
7. Identify one fabric each that you would choose for the following categories. Also,
give reasons for your choice.
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a) Winter
b) Summer
c) For a child
8. Classify fibers on the basis of their origin.
9. Differentiate between staple and filament fibers.
10. Why do we prefer wearing cotton in summers? Name any two varieties of cotton.
11. Give the terms used for the following –
a) Vertical columns of loop
b) Natural filament fiber
c) Total number of Wales and course per inch
12. What are the differences between aesthetic and functional finishes?(give
examples)
13. Why nylon is called an easy care fabric?
14. Name and explain two variations of plain weave.
15. Why is Tencel called an environmental friendly fabric?
16. What are the three types of yarns? Explain with diagrams.
17. Enumerate any six properties introduced in a yarn as a result of twisting.
18. What properties are enhanced by mercerization?
19. Explain the following terms:
a) Lead time
b) Singeing
c) Beetling
20. Discuss any three methods of yarn dyeing.
21. List down four problems one can face while using natural dyes.
22. Why is nylon called an easy care fabric?
23. Explain the basic styles of printing.
24. Explain twill weave.
25. Differentiate between –
a) Permanent and temporary finishes
b) Stock dyeing and piece dyeing
26. How does a terrycot score over polyester?
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27. What is degumming? Why is it essential?

28. Explain the numbering system used to determine the yarn size.
29. What are novelty yarns? Discuss how novelty yarns add different textures to the
fabric?
30. How will the amount of twist given to the fibers decide the property of a yarn?
31. Give six points of differences between nylon and silk fabric.
32. Explain the function of a loom using primary and secondary operations.
33. Differentiate between –
a. Weaving and knitting
b. Warp and weft knitting
c. Desizing and scouring
d. Dyeing and printing
e. Fiber and yarn dyeing
f. Fabric and garment dyeing
g. Resist and discharge style of printing

34. Give the various defects of printing.

35. Define screen printing. Also, explain the types of screen printing.
36. Explain rotary screen printing in detail.
37. Define various types of printing

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is beaching and why is it important?

2. Enumerate the two categories of bleaching agents with examples. Name the fibers
for which each category is used
3. Explain the primary and secondary operations of weaving

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UNIT III: ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

VERY SHORT ANWER QUESTION

1. Define the term “repeat of print”

2. Name any warm and cool color
3. What are complimentary colors
4. Define value and hue
5. What is an Egyptian cubit?
6. Define English foot.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Explain the ‘ Bauhaus theory of colour’

2. Define
a) Intensity
b) Neutral colors
c) Color harmony
3. State any six uses of colour.
4. What are the three dimensions of colour. Explain
5. Based on the scientific theory of light, classify color
6. Write a short note on color harmony.
7. Explain the importance of texture in designing using various examples
8. Explain proportion as a principle of design.
9. “Individuality describes those, that stand out from others in a group because of
some distinct trait” justify
10. Differentiate between
a. Symmetrical and asymmetrical balance
b. Rhythm and repeat
c. Regular and accented repetition
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d. Linear and aerial perspective

e. Linear and solid form

LONG ANSWER QUESTONS

1. Illustrate the relationship between ‘space and form’ using proper illustration.
2. Explain in detail the prang system using proper illustrations.
3. Bring out the various principles of design in detail.
4. What are the six ways of creating the illusion of depth without using perspective as
a tool.
5. What are the four basic spatial concepts that are available to a designer working on
a 2D format?
6. What are the five basic requirements that clothing is required to fulfill?

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UNIT IV: ELEMENTS OF GARMENT MAKING

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define ‘bobbin’
2. What is the role of shuttle?
3. What is the function of throat plate?
4. Elaborate the term SPI.
5. What is a slopper?
6. Give another name for ‘block’?
7. Why is hemming important?
8. What are ‘tucks’?
9. What is Mashak?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between:
a. seam line and seam allowance
b. lockstitch and sewing machine
c. even and half stitch
d. even and uneven basting
e. box and knife pleats
2. Give names of any two fabrics suitable for preparing French seams? Also state any
two areas where the seam is used extensively?
3. What is ‘stitch tension’? Why is it important to balance the tension in the upper and
the lower thread of a machine?
4. Define the various types of needles.
5. Give any 6 safety rules to be observed while working on the machine
6. Explain ‘Dress form’ as a sewing aid
7. Give the solution to rectify the following sewing machine problems:
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a. bobbin winds unevenly

b. fabric layers feed unevenly
c. puckering while stitching
d. marks on underside
e. fabric is damaged or holes develop around the stitches
f. bobbin does not wind
g. motor of a sewing machine runs but hand wheel does not turn
h. fabric does not feeds
i. machine makes noises
j. needle is unthreaded
k. needle breaks
l. stitches skips

8. What are the possible reasons for breaking up of needle in a sewing machine?
9. Where is plain seam usually used?
10. Explain the importance of curved/ cornered seam?
11. Define ‘seam finishes’. What points should be kept in mind while deciding the seam
finish?
12. What is a self enclosed seam? What are its two types?
13. Explain the two seams with fullness.
14. What would you do if the fabric is heavy or stiff while preparing a gathered seam?

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between ‘lockstitch power machine’ and ‘lockstitch home sewing

machine’
2. Enumerate the various types of threads. Also explain the threads for decorative
stitching.
3. Explain sequentially the steps of threading a sewing machine.

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SAMPLE PAPER
Subject – Fashion Studies
Class 11

TIME 3 HRS M.M. 70

General Instructions
1. Please read the instructions carefully.
2. This Question Paper consists of 25 questions in two sections – Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type
questions.
4. Out of the given (6 + 19 =25) questions, a candidate has to answer (6 + 12 = 18)
questions.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (35 MARKS):
i. This section has 06 questions.
ii. There is no negative marking.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
7. SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (35 MARKS):
i. This section has 19 questions.
ii. A candidate has to do 12 questions
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
8. The paper contains5 printed sides.

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1. Answer any 4 questions out of 6 questions on Employability Skills.(1X4=4

marks)
i. Which of the following is not an example of nonverbal communication? (1)

a. Gestures
b. Language (sound)
c. Body Language
d. Sign Language

ii. What does the word communication mean? (1)

iii. What are values? (1)

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iv. You can change the magnification of the page (i.e., make it bigger or smaller) (1)
using………….. option.

a. Page indicator
b. Proofing level
c. Zoom bar
d. Help

v. Write any two qualities a successful entrepreneur should have? (1)

vi. What is the main objective of GIM? (1)
Q2 Answer any 7 questions out of 8 questions. (1X7=7 marks)

i. ………………….are long chain of molecules in a fibre. (1)

ii. Which of the following designer has the label ‘Indian’? (1)

a. Ashish Soni
b. Ritu Kumar
c. Manish Arora
iii. The word……………refers to the spirit of the times which influence fashion. (1)

iv. The sequence of planned activities from raw material sourcing to sales is (1)
called………………..

v. The steps taken by the apparel industry to capitalize on a trend and (1)
produce a new collection is called a ………effect
vi. ………….. labels have the same name as the designer. (1)

vii. A particular trend is said to be……………when there is no further (1)

creative interpretation of the style.
viii. …………… travels from the masses to the designer collection. (1)

Q3 Answer any 6 out of given 7 questions. (1X6=6 marks)

I Strongest natural fibre. (1)

a. Silk
b. Cotton
c. Jute
ii. Why are ropes used for hiking made of nylon? (1)
iii. The strength of polyester remains unchanged on getting wet because of its (1)
……………… nature.

iv. Which unique property of wool makes it ideal for winter wear? (1)

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v. Jute has a rough …………… which makes it difficult for it to be used for (1)
clothes.

vi. ................ class of dye can dye natural and manmade cellulosic fibres. (1)
vii. Why are yarns given a twist? (1)
Q4. Answer any 6 out of given 7 questions. (1X6=6 marks)

i. ............................is used in making holes in the pattern paper. (1)

ii. When is a product known to be well designed? (1)
iii. When a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines, it forms a…………... (1)
iv. What are the tools of a designer? (1)

v. Tint is called as the ………….value of the hue. (1)

vi. …………….. colour symbolizes happiness and luxury. (1)

vii. Visual equality of positive and negative spaces in a design is termed as……… (1)
Q5. Answer any 6 out of given 7 questions. (1X6=6 marks)

i. Sumerian skirt with an excess tail-like waistband is …………….. (1)

ii. Uniforms of security personnel and robes of judge are indicators of …….. (1)
iii. Two sources of obtaining information on prehistoric costumes are………. and (1)
……………
iv. Historically, rulers have attempted to maintain the status quo between (1)
themselves and commoners through………. laws.

v. Fastening/pin to hold the ends of the Greek peplos together is called……….. (1)
vi. ……..... was the Egyptian unisex costume. (1)
vii. What are the three principles which govern clothing according to fashion (1)
historian James Laver?

Q6. Answer any 6 out of given 7 questions. (1X6=6 marks)

i. ………………… designed a machine with a foot treadle. (1)

ii. The amount of pressure needed depends on the …………and…………. of the (1)
material.

iii. SPI stands for…………………………… (1)

iv. The term RTW garments is a French word which means …………….. (1)
v. What is muslin? (1)

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vi. ………….. and …………… are examples of faux leather. (1)

vii. A small metal device under the presser foot that has teeth which carries the (1)
material along as it is stitched is called……….

a. i SECTION B—SUBJECTIVE PAPER

Answer any 3 out of 5 questions on Employability Skills (2X3=6 mark)

Q 7. Differentiate between habit and routine. (2)

Q 8. What are the qualities a good team leader should possess? (2)
Q 9. List different ways in which the font can be made bolder. (2)
Q 10. What are the steps involved in the business cycle? (2)
Q 11. Briefly suggest what can you do as a designer to support the green economy? (2)
Answer any 4 out of 6 questions in 20-30 words each. (2X4=8 marks)

Q 12. Diagrammatically represent warp and weft in a woven fabric. (2)

Q 13. History has examples where exaggerated styles of clothing or accessories (2)
sometimes overpower comfort in clothing. Discuss this statement with
relevant example.
Q 14. What is a ‘Mashak’? (2)
Q 15. Differentiate between Satin and Sateen weaves (2)
Q 16. What is a recurring fashion cycle? (2)
Q 17. Describe a pharaoh’s costume in ancient Egypt. (2)

Answer any 2 out of 3 questions in 30-50 words each. (3X2=6 marks)

Q 18. Discuss the various styles of draping the uttariya. (3)

Q 19. Discuss how the e -trade is affecting the modern society. (3)
Q 20. Discuss the trickle down theory of fashion. (3)
Answer any 3 out of 5 questions in 60-90 words each. (5X3=15 marks)

Q 21. What is printing? Briefly discuss the five techniques of printing the fabric. (5)
Q 22. Discuss the Roman Costumes for men and women in detail. (5)
Q 23. How does a lockstitch machine get its name? Differentiate between a (5)
lockstitch power machine and home sewing machine.
Discuss the role of a fashion technologist and fashion merchandiser in the
Q 24. (5)
industry.

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Q 25. What is weaving? Discuss the weaving process in detail. (5)

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