TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD

EDUCATION

Dressmaking
_________________
Learning Guide
_________________
SY 2020-2021
__________
Quarter 1

EXPLORATORY

1
Overview/Subject
Description
Clothes and textile are used everywhere in
the globe for it is considered as one of the
five basic necessities for a human to survive.
The fast changing trend and the bulky
demands made it a huge industry, calling for
massive production and a large number of
manpower, from huge and renowned fashion
boutiques, clothing lines, and factories to
small tailoring shops, which makes
dressmaking a life skill that should be
be taught to the 21st century learners in order to equip and prepare them to
become competent and be an excellent asset of the global workforce.

However, everything has its own price. In order to attain such skill and
competence, one needs to acquire the virtue of tenacity, discover the
appropriate and accurate knowledge and go through a rigid practice.

Thus, to deliver the said knowledge and skill to the 21st century learners and
eradicate the gap brought forth by the present pandemic (COVID 19) to the
teaching and learning process are the utmost purpose of this Learning Guide.
This will further enhance the precision and accuracy skills of the students
and develop an eye for creative designs that will be useful in designing and
constructing their own clothes or apparel.

Learning is not bounded by the four corners of a classroom nor to the daily
interaction of the teacher and the students, in contrast, learning is made
limitless with determination and an active involvement in new discoveries.

TOP
TOP
11
WEEK
WEEK 55
STANDARDS
STANDARDS

CONTENT
CONTENT STANDARDS
STANDARDS

The learners demonstrate an understanding of reading and

interpreting product designs and specifications in dressmaking
/tailoring.

PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
STANDARDS

The learners shall be able to independently reads and interprets

product designs in dressmaking/ tailoring.

2
Welcome Note for the Learners....

Dearest Learners,

Praise be Jesus through Mary!

I am blessed to congratulate you for doing a great job in your

previous year and welcome you to another awesome year of
learning new information and fulfilling another set of tasks in
Technology and Livelihood Education.
This year, let us again work hand-in-hand to achieve effective
teaching and learning process through the proper utilization of
available educational mediums like this module. In this learning
material, we tried our best to write it in a simple yet comprehensive
way with self-paced activities specially crafted for your
convenience.
We ensure that after this quarter you will be able to design and
construct your own simple garment using basic stitches and
following the necessary procedures indicated in this module as well.
You are about to step into another platform and one step closer to
your goal and aspiration. Keep going and continue doing your best.
Happy Learning!
Sincerely,
The Author

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

WEEK
WEEK 1-2
1-2

USE OF SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Identify sewing tools and equipment;
Classify sewing machines;
Select appropriate measuring tool.

WEEK
WEEK 3-4
3-4

CARRY OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS

Take accurate body measurements;
Read and record required measurements;
Apply the systems of measurements;
Perform basic calculations based on the job requirements;
Demonstrates accurate reading measurements.

3
WEEK
WEEK 55

READ AND INTERPRET PRODUCT DESIGNS

Assess the appropriateness of the design based on the clients
feature;
Read specifications;
Apply the principles of design and color harmonies

WEEK
WEEK 66

PERFORM BASIC MAINTENANCE

Observe proper handling and cleaning of the machine;
Resolve common machine troubles;
Follow the safety procedures in machine cleaning;
Perform regular maintenance schedules
WEEK
WEEK 77

PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Explain workplace hazards and risk;
Identify hazards and risks on the workplace;
Explain the causes of hazards and risk.

LET’S BRING
IT ON!!!!

INTRODUCTION

In your previous grade level, you have been acquainted

with the basic sewing tools and equipment in dressmaking.
This time we will refresh all the information that you got last year and dig
deeper to fully understand the role that each tool play in this field. We will
explore not just the uses of tools and the anatomy of sewing equipment in
dressmaking but also the different principles of designs and color harmonies then
bring to life what we learn through designing and constructing simple but useful
garments.

4
Just like any other blades our skills and knowledge needs to be sharpened in
order to prevent rust and maintain our brains prime and have deeper retention in
order to apply it to either planned or any unexpected real life situations. Thus,
for this quarter you will have a full illustration of the essential tools and
equipment and utilize it through the proper execution of the performance check
prepared for each week.

WEEK
WEEK 5:
5: READ
READ AND
AND INTERPRET
INTERPRET PRODUCT
PRODUCT DESIGN
DESIGN

MOTIVATION
MOTIVATION

Before we start our lesson, let’s respond to each question first!

INSTRUCTION: Analyze the design and the color of the dresses to formulate a
simple comparison of the two.

COMPARISON
____________________________
____________________________
vs ____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
___________________

Q1. Can we stitch a garment without a sewing machine? How?

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Q2. How will you be able to secure the durability of the garment?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

VOCABULARY

5
The following words are found in the topic to be discussed and will help you be
acquainted with the topic and have a better understanding about it.

1. Harmony - means a relationship of different portion of a design.

2. Emphasis - a special attention or effort directed toward something.

equal opposing forces.

3. Hue - the family group name of a color

4. Primary Colors - the sources of all colors

5. Secondary Colors - – are produced when mixing two equal amount

of primary colors sides of a dividing line or plane or about a center or an
axis.

6. Design – a blueprint.

7. Symmetry - exact correspondence of form and constituent

configuration on opposite

PRE
PRE
ASSES
ASSESSMEN
SMENTT
INSTRUCTION: Scribble the missing word/s on the blank/s for each
item below.

1. Harmony is the basis of all ____________ in garment construction.

2. Value as a property of color represents _________ or _________ of a color.
3. Color Wheel are the combination of _________ that you might use in
choosing the color of your dress.
4. Intensity is the term that tells how________ or ______ a color is.
5. Rhythm is an important principle of art it is created by __________ ______
of a design.

INSTRUCTION: Identify the scrabbled words in the square boxes

and use the statements in the rectangular boxes as hint.

? Who will I be?

AEBL I pose equilibrium, stability, stability and security. I am produced

ANC by structural parts and added decorations.

? Who will I be?

HS
THR I am an important principle of art. I am made by the repeated use of PE
MYH the design.

6
M
A
Lesson
Lesson 5:
5: Read
Read andand Interpret
Interpret Product
Product Design
Design
At the end of the lessen, I will be able to:
At the end of the lessen, I will be able to:
Identify
Identify the
the elements
elements inin Garment
Garment Construction
Construction Design;
Design;
explain
explain the
the components
components of
of Principles
Principles of
of Design
Design

Design is an arrangement or organization of items. The elements of design are the

basic components of a two- or three- dimensional arrangement.
There are Two Types of Garment Construction Design
1. Structural Design - this design is formed by stitching pieces together,
like collar, cuff, yoke, pleats, etc.
2. Decorative Design - made after the dress is stitched, e.g., by putting
buttons, frills, or lace, etc., by embroidering with different colors,
patchwork, or dyeing in different colors.

ELEMENTS OF GARMENT CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

1. Line
 Every type of textile and clothing design starts with a line. In
apparel design, lines can be a seam or embroidery or be used to describe
how the garment fits the body. In textile design, lines can be a pattern on
fabric such as a stripe, or can be the weave of a piece of cloth.
2. Shape
 A very important element of design. It is formed by connecting
different types of lines. In apparel design, the term “shape” applies to
the way the garment fits. It can be achieved by folding and stitching like
a pleat or a dart. In textile design, shape applies to patterns on fabric.
(ex: polka dots, hounds tooth, and plaid)
3. Texture
 The texture of fabric determines what fabric would be a suitable
match for a certain garment.
4. Space
 The final element of design. A textile designer considers positive
and negative space in her fabric pattern. A clothing designer considers
how the garment occupies space
5. Color
 The first thing that is noticed by the customer. Various colors,
shades and hues evoke different emotions and moods. Choice of color in
apparel design is important to convey the mood or theme of a designer’s
collection.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
1. Balance
- implies pose, equilibrium, stability, and security.
- produced by structural parts and by added decorations.
Types of Balance

7
a. Symmetrically/Formal Balance - can be
described as having equal "weight" on equal
sides of a centrally placed like a see saw. This
is an easy way of balancing but such balance
lends monotony to the design.

b. Asymmetrically/ Informal balance - When

the structure decoration and accessories are
different both sides from the center of the
design.

2. Rhythm

- an important principle of art.

- created by repeated use of a design, the eye would

move easily from one part to another.

Rhythm can be created in three (3) ways:

a. By repetition of lines, colors, or accessories

- parallel lines are formed by the use of

seams, buttons, embroidery, lace, etc. Which
helps uninterrupted eye movement.

b. Radiation

- can also be created by the use of

radiated lines.

- created by gathers on neckline, arm, and

skirt.

c. Graduation

- can be created by gradual change of

lines, shape, or shade of color.

3. Emphasis

- center of interest.

- causes attention to be drawn repeatedly to one area.

- can be achieved by color accents, significant shapes or

details, lines coming together, group of details or contrast.

4. Harmony

- the relationship of different portions of a dress.

- should be achieved through judicious use of color,

shape, and texture.

8
The Color Wheel

The color wheel is the basis of all color relationships. It is used for
making the color schemes.

 Red, Yellow, and Blue are called primary colors. They are also called
independent colors because they cannot be obtained by mixing with
others.

 Secondary Colors are made by mixing equal amounts of any two

primary color.

Ex. Yellow + Red = Orange

 The other colors on the color wheel are called intermediate colors.

Ex. Yellow + Green = Yelow-green

Red + Violet = Red-Violet

 Pure Colors or Normal/True/Basic Colors are the primary, secondary,

and intermediate colors because they have no white, black, and gray in
them.

 Tints when pure colors are mixed with white, they are made lighter.

Ex: White + Red = Pink

 Shades when pure colors are mixed with black, they are made darker.

Ex: Black + Red = Maroon

 Grayed Color most colors used in clothes are grayed colors rather than
bight. The more gray you add, the duller the color will be.

 Neutral are white, black, and gray. They look well with another and
with all other colors. The more grayed the color becomes, the more
different colors it will harmonize.

PROPERTIES OF COLOR

 Hue

- term used to indicate the name of a color such as red, blue, and
green.

- indicated the colors position the color wheel and the warmth or
coolness of it.

 Value

- the lightness or darkness of a color.

9
 Intensity
- it is the term that tells how bright or dull a color is.

COLOR HARMONY
Various colors are used together to make color schemes. A pleasing and
appropriate combination of colors is known as color harmony.
1. Monochromatic Harmony
The combination of colors having
the same hue but varying in value or
intensity or both.

2. Analogous Harmony

The combination of any neighboring

or adjacent colors on the color chart.

3. Complementary Harmony

The combination of two opposite

colors on the chart.

a. Double Complementary Harmony

The combination of two directly

adjacent colors and their complements.

b. Split Complementary

The combination of a primary or

intermediate and the colors adjacent to its
opposite or complement on the color
chart.

4. Triad Harmony

The combination of any three colors

which form an equilateral triangle on the
chart.

10
Now that you have been taught about the principles of design and
color harmonies I want you to interpret the images presented in
Activity 1 (Picture Interpretation). This activity will help you have
deeper comprehension about the topic.

ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 11

Instruction: Analyze the illustrated images on the table below and let them
relate it to the topic of the day..

ANALYSIS

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
_________________

Lesson
Lesson 5:
5: Read
Read and
and Interpret
Interpret Product
Product Design
Design
At the end of the lessen, I will be able to:
At the end of the lessen, I will be able to:
Enumerate
Enumerate and
and Perform
Perform basic
basic sewing
sewing stitches;
stitches;
Design
Design and
and Sketch
Sketch aa Pajama
Pajama Top
Top and
and Pants.
Pants.

To be able to sew or join fabrics together, you need to know basic sewing which
involves few standards stitches and seams. These basic techniques in sewing will
help you do your work faster.

1. Basting or Temporary Stitch

- used to hold the garment pieces together before permanent

11
stitches are made.
- usually horizontal and is worked from right to left with a
knot.

a. Even Basting
- used for tacking seams and
other details which must be held
securely.
- stitches are of equal length
about 1/4 inch on both sides of
the material.

b. Uneven Basting
- used as guideline where there is little or no
strain.
- the stitch on the upper side of the fabric is at
least twice than that of the underside usually
1/2 inch

2. Permanent Stitches
- left in the garment and forms a part of the stitches garment.
- knots are not generally used for starting the permanent stitches.
- two or three stitches at the beginning of a row, especially on the
flat seams, will be helpful in securing the stitches.

a. Running Stitch
- simplest form of hand stitch which
is used for permanent sewing hand
seams such as tucks, gathering,
shirring, quilting, and mending.
- stitches should be straight, fine, and
evenly spaced and about 1/16 to 1/8
inch in length.

b. Back Stitch
- strong and is sometimes substituted for
machine stitching.
- used for making small, tight seams that
will not leak filling.
- stitches should be about 1/16 to 1/8 inch
long on the topside.

TO MAKE THE BACKSTITCH:

Push the needle up through the material at a point on the stitching line about 1/8 inch from
its right end.
Take a stitch inserting the needle 1/8 inch back of the thread at the beginning of the
stitching line and bringing it out an equal distance in front of the thread.
Repeat this way, keeping stitches uniformed in size and fairly firm.

c. Hemming

12
- used to secure down a folded edge of material
like hems.
- appears as small slanting stitches on the wrong side
and the right side.
- stitches should be fine and spaced close enough to hold the seam
securely in place but far enough to be inconspicuous from the right side of the garment.
There are two types of Hems, namely:
A. Slip Hemming
- used for hems, facings, or folds where invisibility is
more important than strength.
B. Knotted Hemming
- worked from right to left.
- a small vertical hemstitch is made such that the thread
passes around the tip of the needle that on pulling the
needle out forms a knot around the stitch made.
3. Seams
- a method of joining two or more pieces of materials together by a
row of stitching.
- should be as flat as possible and unseen except those that are used for
decorative purposes for garment design and lines.

a. Plain Seam
- the most commonly used seam which is liable
and not easily seen.
- used on all types of fabrics except
on very transparent kinds and is suitable
for firm fabrics that do not rave land will
not be subjected t hard and frequent
laundering.
- used for side seams, underarm seams, and armhole seams.

b. Lapped Seam
- commonly used for joining a gathered or
unaltered section to straight edge yoke.

c French Seam
- used to join straight edges.
- strengthen light fabric as it is a self-neatening
seam.

STEPS IN SEWING FRENCH SEAM

Place the pieces of fabrics with wrong sides together and make sure the edges are
aligned.
Tack a seam about 6mm (1/4 in) from the edge.
Machine stitch between the tacking and edge halfway.
Press the seam open and trim.
With right sides together, fold the fabric and sew a second seam about 1 cm away from
the edge, that is, the first seam. This will enclose the raw edges.
Press flat and turn the fabric to the right side.

13
d. Flat and Fell Seam
- a basic and simple seam used to join widths of
fabrics.
- this can be used to sew or make most sewing
projects.

STEPS IN SEWING FLAT AND FELL SEAM

Place two pieces of fabric to join right side together.
Pin and tack inside seam line.
Sew about 1.5 cm (5/8) away from the raw edges
To secure threads, sew few stitches at each end.
Remove tacking.
To flatten the seam edges, open and press.

4. Seam Finishes
- made to prevent fraying of the raw edges and thus make the seams
more durable.
- provide neat appearance to the garment.
- Three considerations determine the seam finish decision:
1. The type and weight of fabric;
2. The amount and kind of wear and care the garment will receive;
3. Whether or not seams will be seen.

Pinked Finish
- a quick method done with pinking shears, which
are not bulky but not suitable finish for fabrics that
ravel badly.

HOW TO SEW PINKED FINISH

Press the seam allowance open.
Sew line of straight stitches about 1/4” from the raw edge.
Trim close to the line of stitching with pinking shears.

Edge Stitch Finish

- mostly used on unlined coats and jackets where the seam

14
allowance is wide.

Double Stitch Finish

- done in unfinished seam or pinked seam and is not suitable for
bulky fabrics.

Overcast Finish
- common method used for both thick and thin materials that fray
easily.
- suitable for narrow seams and als for seams that receive hard wear
or extra strain such as armholes and waistlines.

Herringbone Finish
- neatens the raw edges of heavy materials like flannel.
- holds down the turning, making the seam flat avoiding the
bulkiness.

Zigzag Stitch
- a great way to finish a seam on any kind of fabric.

Now that you have been acquainted with the different basic hand
stitches, I want you to try completing the Activity 2 (Muddiest to
Clearest Point). This activity will determine your level of
comprehension about the topic and will emphasize the points that
stand out through meta-cognition.

ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 22

INSTRUCTION: Write down the concepts/ideas of the lesson that

is/are not clear to you on the Muddiest point cloud and the ideas/concept
that you understood best on the clearest point cloud.

What was the muddiest (Hardest or

Unclear) part and the Clearest (Easiest)
Muddiest
MuddiestPoint
Point Part of the lesson for today?
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
__________ Clearest
ClearestPoint
Point
__________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________15
____________________
_____
_____
SYNTHESIS

Each individual has its own personal preference when it comes to garments. What’s
fashionable for you might not look the same way to others. However, though we differ in
preference, we often have the same standards in selecting the apparel/garment that would
fit our taste. On top of the list is the style we all see different clothing styles to malls and
boutiques, from demure to daring, simple to stripes, and plains to prints. We often select
clothing style which are comfortable, well fitted and would suite to our personality,
which is why we have the Principles of design to cater such standards and provide
satisfaction to the customers.

The second big factor in clothing selection would be the Color. The color of the
garment defines its overall effect to the customer or to the environment. For example, we
prefer to choose green curtains because it is easy in the eyes and improves the vision, in
clothes we tend to choose black colored dresses because it symbolizes authority and
power. These 2 factors, design and color, gives us an opportunity to select appropriate
garments and make the most out of it.

Furthermore, Hand Stitches can also be a substitute for machine stitches to simple
and not too huge garment. Through this method, clothing construction and repair would
be possible even without the presence of a sewing machine.

Students will also have an opportunity to look back to the past and learn the basic
or traditional way of garment construction which genuinely requires patience and
perseverance to produce an excellent output.

Hence, students who are practicing dressmaking as a career or as a hobby should

have a creative and innovative mindset to create designs appropriately and a resilient
heart who appreciates the beauty in all things and bring it to reality through their designs.

16
PURPOSIVE
PURPOSIVE ASSESSENT
ASSESSENT

Since you are now well fed about the basic information in dressmaking, lets
have some drills to check your progress.

INSTRUCTION: Sketch your own design of pajama top and pants

following the principles of design and color harmony.

DAY 1

Name:______________________________Grade & Section: ____________

Week:______________________________Date: ______________________

My Pajama Set

INSTRUCTION: Supply the correct answer to every questions below and write it in
the space provided before the numbers.

DAY 2
17
Name:______________________________Grade & Section: ____________
Week:______________________________Date:______________________
_________ 1. Neatens the raw edges of heavy materials like flannel.

_________ 2. A great way to finish a seam on any kind of fabric.

_________ 3. Basic and simple seam used to join widths of fabric.

_________ 4. It is used to secure down a folded edge of materials like

hem.

Create
Create an
an apron
apron with
with colorful
colorful patches
patches using
using the
the basic
basic sewing
sewing
stitches.
stitches.

Materials:1 yard of fabric, Piece of fabric for the pocket, ribbon, Apron Pattern

Instructions:

1. Place the apron pattern on the folded fabric and cut out.

2. Fold the rectangle of coordinating fabric in half with right sides together. Stitch
around three sides of the pocket using a 1/2" seam allowance, leaving a 3" opening
at the bottom. Clip the corners.( Pattern for patch pocket may vary depending on
the design).

3. Turn the pocket right side out and push out the corners of the pocket with an
item like a chopstick. (Don't use something too sharp or you will poke a hole
through the fabric.) Press the pocket flat, folding in the raw edges of the opening.
Top stitch along the fold, which will be the top of your pocket.

4. Place the pocket on the center of the apron approximately 12" from the top.
Stitch the sides and bottom of the pocket to the apron.(Placement of the pocket
may vary).

5. Using a double fold hem (folding fabric in 1/2", pressing, then folding 1/2" again
and pressing for a 1" hem), pin and stitch the sides and bottom of the apron

6. Using a double fold hem (folding fabric in 5/16", pressing, then folding 5/16"
again and pressing for a 5/8" hem), pin and stitch the curved side of the apron.

7. Fold down 1/4" along top and press. Fold 1" again and press. Stitch facing down.

18
8. Stitch 28" piece of ribbon to top left of apron. Finish raw edge of ribbon by
folding over twice and stitching

9. Stitch 24" long piece of ribbon at the top of the straight side. Repeat for the other
side. Finish raw edge of ribbon by folding over twice and stitching.

We are finally ending the 5 th week, now you are prepared for the next lesson which
talks about the basic maintenance of sewing machines. Continue doing your best and
have another week well spent through learning. Godspeed.

19