ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/2021
STUDENT NAME: GETRUDA EUSEBIO
REGIST NUMBER: PG202085946
FOCULTY: ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
COURSE PROGRAM: MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK
PROGRAM COORDINATOR: SIPHA SHABANI
REGIONAL CENTRE: SHINYANGA
TELEPHONE: 0766358415
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CONCEPT NOTE
Relationship between economic status and HIV infection among 15 -
24 aged adolescent girls in Tanzania. A case of Shinyanga Region
Statement of the Problem
Globally, 80% of adolescent girls aged 15-24 years living with HIV are in sub-
Saharan Africa. Mabaso, et al, (2018). According to Bermudez, et al, (2022)
majority of the people living with HIV are in developing countries, over 50%
of which are women. Maughan-Brown, et al, (2018) argues that the HIV
infection among adolescent girl’s women is associated with various factors
including the economic status of households they belong. UNICEF (2019)
reported that economic factors, either at the household or individual level,
contribute to girls’ HIV risk and vulnerability.
Tanzania’s occurrence of new HIV infections is disproportionately high
among youths aged 15-24 years, especially girls and young women (UNICEF,
2020). It is claimed that the youth aged 15-24 years in Tanzania are at
higher risk to HIV infection due to various reasons including their economic
status and comparatively limited access to sexual and reproductive health
services and information, socio-cultural and gender issues (Mtasingwa,
2020). They are also engaged in risky behavior including multiple sexual
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partners, early sexual debut, limited use of condoms, as well as coerced and
transactional sex (Nkata et al., 2019).
Tanzania is making tremendous progress in the fight against HIV, however,
adolescent girls aged 15–24 years remain at higher risk of new HIV
infections. This study seeks to examine relationship between economic
status and HIV infection among 15 - 24 aged adolescent girls in Shinyanga
Region.
Research Objectives
1. To examine the relationship between household income and HIV
infection among 15 - 24 aged adolescent girls in Shinyanga Region
2. To examine the relationship between adolescent girls’ access to
household income and HIV infection in Shinyanga Region
3. To determine the relationship between adolescent girls’ decision to
household income and HIV infection in Shinyanga Region
Research Hypothesis
Ho1: There is no relationship between household income and HIV infection
among 15 - 24 aged adolescent girls in Shinyanga Region.
Ho2: There is no relationship between adolescent girls’ access to household
income and HIV infection in Shinyanga Region.
Ho3: There is no relationship between adolescent girls’ decision to
household income and HIV infection in Shinyanga Region.
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Research Method
Research Design
This study will employ the survey research designs. The proposed designs
will be suitable in this study since data will be collected from various places.
The design will help the researcher to collect numerical data from
respondents then analyzing then analyzing them statistically. Therefore,
survey research designs will be used to achieve the main objective of this
study.
Research Approach
The study will employ quantitative research approach in which numerical
data will be used to obtain information about the relationship between
economic status and HIV infection among 15 - 24 aged adolescent girls. This
research method will be used to describe variables and examine
relationships among variables. This study will collect numerical data from
respondents thus the approach will be suitable in this study to achieve the
study main objective.
Study Area
The study will be conducted at Shinyanga region involving ten wards from
different districts. Specifically, the study will be conducted at Ndala and
Masekelo wards in Shinyanga Municipal district, Tinde and Didia in Shinyanga
District, Kagongwa and Nyihogo in Kahama District, Segese and Bulyanhulu
in Msalala district as well as Ulowa and Bulungwa in Ushetu District. These
districts have been chosen because of the prevalence of HIV among 15 - 24
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aged adolescent girls thus reliable information about the relationship
between economic status and HIV infection among 15 - 24 aged adolescent
girls will be gathered.
Data Collection Methods
In gathering primary data from respondents, the researcher will use survey
questionnaires. The researcher will develop and use structured
questionnaires. This instrument will make it possible for the researcher to
reach a large number of respondents who are able to read and write
independently. Questionnaires will be used for the purpose of getting
specific information about the relationship between economic status and HIV
infection among 15 - 24 aged adolescent girls.
Data Analysis Methods
In analyzing data, the researcher will employ regression analysis. Regression
analysis is a reliable method of identifying which variables have impact on a
topic of interest. The process of performing a regression allows a researcher
to confidently determine which factors matter most, which factors can be
ignored, and how these factors influence each other.
In this case, the researcher will use a multiple linear regression model to link
the independent variables to the dependent variable as follows below;
Y=α+β1X1+β2X2 + β2X3+ε
Y= HIV infection
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X1 = Adolescent girl’s household income
X2 = Adolescent girl’s access to household income
X3 = Adolescent girl’s decision to household income
α= The constant term while the coefficient
βii = 1…3 will be used to measure the sensitivity of the dependent variable
(Y) to unit change in the predictor variables X1, X2 and X3. ε is the error term
which captures the unexplained variation in the models. Therefore, the study
will use the model because it will make it easy in determining the strength of
relationship between economic status as independent variable and HIV
infection as a dependent variable.
References
Mabaso, M., Sokhela, Z., Mohlabane, N., Chibi, B., Zuma, K., & Simbayi, L.
(2018). Determinants of HIV infection among adolescent girls and young
women aged 15–24 years in South Africa: a 2012 population-based national
household survey. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-7.
Maughan-Brown, B., George, G., Beckett, S., Evans, M., Lewis, L., Cawood, C.,
... & Kharsany, A. B. (2018). HIV risk among adolescent girls and young
women in age-disparate partnerships: evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South
Africa. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 78(2), 155.
Bermudez, L. G., Mulenga, D., Musheke, M., & Mathur, S. (2022).
Intersections of financial agency, gender dynamics, and HIV risk: A
qualitative study with adolescent girls and young women in Zambia. Global
Public Health, 17(8), 1638-1651.
Mtasingwa, L. V. (2020). Challenges Facing Tanzanian Youth in the Fight
Against HIV/AIDS: Lessons Learnt from Mbeya Region, Southern Highlands.
Forum for Development Studies, 47(2), 283–306.
Nkata, H., Teixeira, R., & Barros, H. (2019). A scoping review on sexual and
reproductive health behaviors among Tanzanian adolescents. Public Health
Reviews, 40(1), 4.
UNICEF. (2019). Adolescent HIV prevention. UNICEF DATA.
https://data.unicef.org/topic/hivaids/adolescents-young-people/
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UNICEF. (2020). Children and AIDS. https://www.unicef.org/tanzania/what-we-
do/hiv-aids
