THE LIFE AND WORKS

OF RIZAL
Week 5
Exile, Trial, and Death

GE 9 – THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

OUTLINE

1
Bitter-Sweet Life in Dapitan

2 Daily Life as an Exile

3
Rizal and the Jesuits

4 Achievements in Dapitan
OUTLINE

5
As a Scientist and Philologist

6
The Spies and Secret Emissary

7 Visited by loved ones

8
Goodbye Dapitan
1
Bitter-Sweet Life in Dapitan 1

❑ Jose Rizal opted to live at the commandant’s residence called “Casa Real”

❑ Captain Ricardo Carnicero and Jose Rizal became such good friends that exile
did not feel that the captain was actually his guard.

❑ A Don Ricardo Carnicero – poem honoring the kind commandant on the occasion
of his birthday on August 26, 1892.
1
Bitter-Sweet Life in Dapitan 1

❑ September 1892 – Rizal and Carnicero won in a LOTTERY

✓ Manila Lottery ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Rizal,

Carnicero, and a Spanish resident of Dipolog

✓ Second Prize: Php 20, 000

✓ Rizal’s used some part of his share - Php 6,200 in procuring

a parcel of land near the coast of Talisay

2
Daily Life as an Exile 2

❑ During his exile he practiced medicine, taught some pupils and engaged farming and
horticulture.

❑ He founded school in 1893 – it started with only 3 pupils and had about more than
20 students.

❑ Baroto ( boat ) - small native canoe used by locals in Dapitan for fishing and travel
and was also used by Rizal to travel to remote areas where he provided medical
assistance. It symbolizes simplicity and resourcefulness, reflecting how Rizal
adapted to life in exile while still serving the people.

❑ Teaching his pupils would begin at about 2:00 pm and ends at 4-5 pm.
3
Rizal and the Jesuits 3

❑ First Attempt – offer him to live in the Dapitan convent under some conditions.
Rizal did not stay with the parish priest Antonio Obach in the church convent.

❑ Second Attempt – the Jesuit Order assigned to Dapitan the priest Francisco de
Paula Sanchez. Rizal didn’t change his mind.

❑ Priest Pablo Pastells (superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines) – also made
attempts by correspondents to win over to Catholicism the exiled physician.
4
Achievements in Dapitan 4

❑ Community Services such as

✓ improving town’s drainage and constructing better water system using empty
bottles and bamboo joints
✓ taught the town folks about health and sanitation to avoid spread of diseases
✓ Made a huge relief map of Mindanao in Dapitan plaza with the help of Sanchez
✓ he bettered the forest by providing evident trails, stairs, and some benches
✓ Invented a wooden machine for the mass production of bricks
✓ Using the bricks, he built a water dam for the community with the help of his
students
4
Achievements in Dapitan 4

❑ Community Services
✓ Rizal equally treated all patients regardless of their economic and social status
✓ He accepted as ‘fees’ – poultry and crops, and at times free
✓ Specialization – Ophthalmology
✓ Also offered treatments to almost all kinds of diseases, like fever, sprain, broken
bones, typhoid, tuberculosis, and even leprosy
✓ He also helped in the livelihood of the abaca farmers in Dapitan by trading their
crops in Manila. He gave them lessons in abaca-weaving to produce hammocks.
✓ Fishing nets
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❑ He sent various biological specimens to scientist in Europe (to his dear friend Doctor
Adolph B. Meyer)
❑ In return, the European scholars sent him books and some other academic reading
materials.

❑ Three species named after Rizal:

1. Dapitan Frog (Rhacophorus rizali)
2. A type of Beetle (Apogonia rizali)
3. A flying dragon (Draco rizali)
https://joserizalss014.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/3newspeciesnamedafterrizal.jpeg?w=584
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❑ Matias Arrieta (spy) – revealed his covert mission and ask for forgiveness after he
was cured by Rizal

❑ Pablo Mercado (spy)– claiming to be Rizal’s relative, this stranger eagerly

volunteered to bring Rizal’s letters to certain persons in Manila. Real Name:
Florencio Nanaman of Cagayan Misamis (secret agent paid by Friars)

❑ Doctor Pio Valenzuela (sent to Dapitan by Andres Bonifacio) – emissary; disguised

as a mere companion of a blind patient. Delivered Katipunan’s message.
Politely, Rizal refused to approved the uprising Revolution.
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❑ Rizal was in Dapitan when he learned that his true love Leonor Rivera had died.

❑ Casa Cuadrada (Square House) – where his students are housed

https://live.staticflickr.com/7224/7074944633_a79945a5e4_b.jpg
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❑ Josephine Bracken – orphan with Irish blood and stepdaughter of Jose’s

patient from Hongkong.

Josephine Bracken
Rizal’s common-law wife

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTxPyo2If25Q3tqkG9lvFwwYDRNB5HilpmFSpzxS9npj-_VdQzRGkcPYCqZyqRTAqKkC9Y&usqp=CAU
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❑ Rizal and Bracken were unable to obtain a church wedding because Jose would not
retract his anti-Catholic views.

❑ Before the year ended in 1895, the couple had a child who was born
PREMATURELY. The son who was named after Rizal’s Father (Francisco) died a
few hours after birth.
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❑ In 1895, Blumentritt informed Rizal that Cuba was raged by a yellow-fever
epidemic.
❑ Rizal wrote to Governor-General Ramon Blanco
❑ On July 30, 1896 – Rizal received a letter sactioning his petition to serve as
volunteer physician in Cuba.
❑ “At midnight of July 31, 1896, Jose Rizal left Dapitan on board the steamer
España, together with Narcisa, Josephine, Angelica (Narcisa's daughter), three
nephews and six of his students.
❑ “Adios, Rizal!” ---- “Adios, Dapitan!”

“I have been in that district for 4 years, 13 days, and a few hours”
Thank You