OSHA 30 Hours Basic Course

Topic 01:
Introduction to Safety Management:
A step by step approach to keep an environment or work place clean from recognized hazards/risks is
called safety management.

Steps

 Policy
 Organizing
 Planning
 Implementation
 Reviewing

Key Terms of Health and Safety

Health: The protection of body and mind from illnesses and diseases.
Safety: The absence of risk of serious personal injury.
Welfare: Access to basic facilities. (washroom, bathrooms, restrooms, prayer places, drinking
water).
Environmental Protection: The prevention of damage to the air, land, water and living creatures
in the wider environment.
Accident: An Unplanned, un-wanted event which leads to injury, damage or loss.

The safety officer’s Role:

 Trains People
 Communication
 Sets the example
 Enforce Rules
 Encourage Positive Behavior
 Investigate Accidents

Introduction to OSHA:

What is OSHA?
 Occupational safety and health administration
 Responsible for worker safety and health protection.

What does OSHA require?

 Determine which OSHA standards apply to your workplace.
 Follow the OSHA standards and requirements
Record Keeping:
To keep the record of all worker related work precautions is called record keeping.
Employers of 11 or more employees must maintain records of occupational injuries and
illnesses.

Record Keeping and Reporting:

All employers must report to OSHA within 8 hours any accidents that results in a fatality or in-
patient hospitalization of 3 more employees.
Maintain on a calendar year basis.
Summary of records for the previous year must be posted within a year.

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Various Types:
Types of PPE discussed:

1. Hearing and Sight

2. Foot
3. Respiratory
4. Head
5. Hand

EYES
 Damage from chemical splash, dust and projectiles
 Wear googles, glasses, or shied.

Head
Impact from

 Falling or flying objects

 Risk of bumping head
 Hair entanglement

Breathing:
 Dust, Vapour and gases

Hands and Arms:

 Abrasions, cuts, and punctures
 Extreme temperature exposure
 Skin infections and disease
 Impact injuries

Legs and Feet:

 Wet conditions or slippery surfaces

 Chemical splash
 Falling objects
 Cuts and punctures

Fire introduction:

How does a fire work?

 Three components
 Need all three components to start a fire
 Fire Extinguisher remove one or more of the components.

Fire triangle

Oxygen O2
Heat
Fuel
In a result chemical reaction (fire).

Types of Fire

Class A: wood, Paper, Cloth, Trash

Class B: Flammable liquids, Oil, Gas, grease.

Class C: Electrical, energized electrical equipment

Class D: Combustible metals

Different Types of Extinguisher:

The 4 most common fire extinguishers:

 All purpose Water

 Carbon Dioxide
 Multi-purpose dry chemical
 Dry Powder

Note: Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use.

All purpose water:

 Use on class A fire

 Pressurized water
 Pressure gauge present

Carbon Dioxide
 Use on class B and class C fire
 Hard, plastic nozzle
 No pressure gauge

Multi-Purpose dry chemical:

 Use class A, Class B, and Class C fires.

 Fine Powder under pressure
 Pressure gauge present

How to use fire extinguisher?

PASS Method

Pull the Pin: This will allow you to squeeze the handle in order to discharge the extinguisher.

Aim at the base of the fire: Aiming at the middle will do no good. The agent will pass through the flame.

Squeeze the handle: This will release the pressurized extinguishing agent.

Sweep side by side: Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue until fire is extinguished. Keep an eye
on the area for re-lighting.

Material handling:

Overview – Handling and storing Materials:

1: Involves diverse operations:

Manual material handling:

 Carrying bags or materials

 Unpacking materials


2: Material handling via machine

 Forklift
 Crane
 Rigging

Stacking or storing drums, barrels, lumber, bricks or other materials.

Hazards

 Improper manual lifting or carrying loads that are too large or heavy
 Being struck by materials or being caught in pinch point
 Crushed by machines, falling materials or improperly stored materials
 Incorrectly cutting ties or securing devices

Cranes or Forklifts:

 Check the load chart in the cab

 Frequently inspect
 Never lift people
 Check overhead power lines
 Ensure area of travel is clear

Hand and power Tool Safety:

Hazard:
 Worker using hand and power tools may be exposed to these hazards.
 Objects that fall, fly, are abrasive, or splash
 Harmful dust, Fumes, Mists, vapor and gases
 Frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper grounding

Hand Tools -Protection

 Use PPE, such as safety googles and gloves
 Keep floor surface where working free from tripping or slipping hazards
 Keep cutting tools sharp

Welding and Cutting:

Types of welding:
 Arc or electric welding
 Gas welding

Hazards

 Fire
 Explosion
 Material damage
 Electric shock
 Fumes, Gases
 Leakages, Incompetency of staff

Safety precautions:
 Cylinders should be checked before usage
 Special risk assessment required
 Separate storage place
 Clearly mark tags
 Separate vehicles for transportation
 Training-Instruction-Information
 Clearly insulated wires

Electricity safety:
Main hazards of electricity
Remember-BSAFE
1. Burns
2. Shock: contact with live parts
Direct Contact: Coming in to contact with a conductor that is supposed to be live
Indirect contact: Coming into contact with a conductor that is not live in normal conditions but
has become live due to a fault
3. Arcing
4. Fire and Explosion

Electricity Protection Devices:

Fuses
Circuit breaker
Earthling
Isolation
Reduced Voltage
Battery Operated tools
Residual current devices (RCD)
Double Insulation

Fall Protection:

Identify Fall Hazards:

Example of factors contributing to fall hazards:

 Scaffolds
 Ladders
 Roofs
 Other related work surfaces

Fall Protection systems:

 Guardrail systems
 Personal fall-arrest systems
 Positioning-devices systems
 Warning-line systems
 Safety monitoring systems
 Controlled- access zones

1. Personal fall arrest system:

 Lanyards
 Harnesses
 Beam wraps
 Carbineers
 Rope grabs
 Positioning

Excavation Hazards:
Cave-ins are the greatest risk:
 Other hazards include:
 Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen
 Inhalation of toxic materials
 Fire
 Moving machinery near the edge of the excavation can cause a collapse.

Definitions:
Excavation: A man made cut, cavity trench, or depression formed by earth removal.

Trench: A narrow excavation. The depth is greater than the width, but no wider than 15 feet.

Shield: A structure able to with stand a cave-in and protect employees

Shoring: A structure that supports the side of an excavation and protects against cave-ins

Sloping: a technique that employs a specific angle of incline on the side of excavation. The angle
varies based on assessment of impacting site factors.

Site Evaluation Planning:

Before beginning excavation:

 Evaluate soil conditions

 Construct protective systems
 Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases
 Provide safe in and out access
 Contact utilities
 Determine the safety equipment needed

Hazards
Stair ways and ladders cause many injuries and facilities among construction workers.
Summary:
Key Components for ladder Safety
 A competent person must inspect
 Use the correct Ladder for the job
 Use the correct angle, supports,
 Don’t overload
 Your employer must train you in proper use of a ladder

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