UNIT-4
qOrganizations promoting Disability Sports (Special Olympics; Paralympics;
Deaflympics);
qConcept of Classification and Divisioning in Sports;
qConcept of Inclusion in sports, its need, and Implementation;
qAdvantages of Physical Activities for children with special needs;
qStrategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special needs
The CWSN is a global movement that provides year-round sports training and athletic competition for
children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Its main purpose is to:
q Promote Inclusion: Encourage the acceptance and inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in all
areas of society.
q Develop Confidence and Skills: Help athletes gain physical fitness, confidence, courage, and a sense of
accomplishment through sports.
q Improve Health and Well-being: Provide opportunities for better physical and mental health through
exercise, competition, and community involvement.
q Empower Individuals: Give people with intellectual disabilities a platform to showcase their talents,
build self-esteem, and be recognized for their abilities.
q Educate Society: Raise awareness and change attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities
through public engagement and athlete stories.
q Build Community: Foster friendship, teamwork, and mutual respect among athletes, coaches,
volunteers, and spectators.
In 1980s, the phrase 'differently abled' was first proposed as an alternative to terms like
'disabled', 'handicapped', etc. on the grounds that it gave a more positive message to the
society and to avoid discrimination. Disability and disorder are two separate terms that stand
for different types of physical and mental conditions. Disability, whether it is physical or
mental, is permanent in nature but a disorder can be temporary or permanent.
Disability : Cerebral palsy, muscle dystrophy, sclerosis, Blindness, laprosy, dwarfism etc.
Disorder : Anxiety disorder, mood disorder, Eating disorder, personality disorder etc.
SPECIAL OLYMPICS
Special Olympics is the world’s largest sports organization for children and adults with
intellectual and physical disabilities, providing year-round training and competitions to 5
million athletes and Unified Sports partners in 172 countries.
q Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded the special olympics in 1968.
q Motto : “Let me win. But if i can’t win. let me be brave in the attempt.”
q logo : Special Olympics is based on the sculpture “Joy and Happiness to All the Children
of the World”
q Headquarters : Washington DC
q Governing Body: Special olympics international.
q Flame : Flame of Hope.
Special olympics sports rules / regulation
Categorised in to competition divisions based on their Ability, Age and Gender.
These divisions are structured to ensure that each athlete competes against others of
similar ability.
q 1st time : Chicago, USA (1968)
PARALYMPICS
qFather of Paralympics: Dr. Ludwig Guttmann.
The word 'Paralympic was officially given only in 1988. Earlier: International Games for
the Disabled"
Paralympic Games or Paralympics is an international multi-sport event for athletes with a
range of disabilities.
The event usually takes place every two years and almost immediately after the Olympic
Games.
There are two versions of Paralympic games- Winter and Summer Games. All Paralympic
Games are managed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
Athletes who participate have a range of disabilities including impaired muscle power,
hypertonia, ataxia, vision impairment, intellectual impairment, etc
qMOTO : "Spirit in Motion" (2004) .
The previous "Mind, Body, Spirit," (1994).
qGoverning Body International Paralympic committee
q Headquarters : Germany.
q Logo: The three Agitos encircling a central point symbolize motion, emphasise the role
of the Paralympic Movement in bringing athletes together from all corners of the world
to compete.
q 1st time : Rome, Italy (1960)
Categories :
Paralympics athletes compete in six different disability groups-cerebral palsy, amputee,
visual impairment, intellectual disability, spinal cord injuries, and " les autres" [athletes
whose disability does not fit into one of the other categories, like Dwarfism].
cerebral palsy Amputee visual impairment
intellectual disability spinal cord injuries Dwarfism
DEAFLYMPICS
q Deaflympics is an international Olympic event at which deaf athletes compete. Unlike
other paralympic events, deaf athletes cannot be guided by sounds like referee whistle,
gunshot etc. Therefore, special arrangements are made for the deaf athletes at
Deaflympics such as waving a flag, using light instead of gunshots etc.
q The Deaflympics are more than just the world's second oldest multiple sports after
olympics. These games are the world's fastest growing sports events. The Deaflympics
are an equivalent to the Olympic games for deaf athletes.
q MOTTO: PER LUDOS AEQUALITAS" (Equality through sport) and sticking to the
ideals of the Olympics
qDeaflympics Logo:
It's logo is inspired by the sign for Olympics. The circle in the middle represents an eye
because deaf people are very visual. The four colours of the logo i.e. red, green, yellow
and blue represent the four regional confederations of the International Committee of
Sports for Deaf viz. Europe, Asia Pacific, Pan-America and Africa. It ties together the
strong elements, sign language, deaf and international cultures, unity and continuity.
Ø Until 1965, International Games for the Deaf. A few years later, they were called
International Silent Game. In 2001, they were named Deaflympics.
The main purpose of Deaflympics is to provide opportunities to person with hearing
disability to participate in elite sports.
The eligibility criteria to compete at the Deaflympic Games the athletes must have a
hearing loss of minimum 55 decibel in their better ear. Hearing aid, cochlear implants
etc. are not allowed to be used in the competition.
q 1st Time: Paris 1924
DIVISIONING IN SPORTS
The concept of Classification and Divisioning is a process used in disability sports for
providing even and fair competition for athletes with disability through grouping of athletes.
The purpose is very much similar to grouping system used in mainstream sports according
to their age-group, gender, weight etc.
q ‘Classification’ is a grouping process associated with Paralympics and para-athletes,
assigns categories to athletes based on different types of disabilities,
q ‘Divisioning’ is a process of grouping associated with Special Olympics.is a
performance based system of grouping athletes bases on their skill level.
Classification in paralympics
According to the IPC, the classification process serves 2 roles. The 1st is to determine
who is eligible & the second is to group sportspeople for the purpose of competition.
The eligibility minimum is an impairment that limits the sports persons ability to
participate in an activity & the disability needs to be permanent in nature.
q The 1st step is generally a medical assessment.
q The 2nd is generally a functional assessment which involves two parts: first observing a
sportsperson in training and then observing the sportsperson in competition.
There are a number of people involved in this process beyond the sportsperson, including
individual classifiers, medical classifiers, technical classifiers, a chief classifier, a head of
classification, a classification panel and a classification committee.
ELIGIBLE IMPAIRMENTS
q Impaired muscle power
q Impaired passive range of movement
q Loss of limb or limb deficiency
q Leg-length difference
q Short stature
q Hypertonia
q Ataxia
q Athetosis
CLASSIFICATION IN SPECIAL OLYMPICS
Athletes in competitions are matched with others of the same gender, about the same
age and most importantly, of about the same competitive ability.
CONCEPT OF INCLUSION
Each individual is different in terms of his physical, social, emotional and cognitive
characteristics. This diversity is a reality, and everyone should respect the differences in each
other. Inclusion is a vast concept that implies including everyone in education without being
judgmental about the abilities, appearance, economic condition etc.
Inclusion plays a big role in creating a safe, comfortable and emotionally secure environment
in any educational institution. Inclusion is not a law to be forced on anyone. It is a process
which enables a child smooth transition to understand, accept and implement the culture of
inclusion in different situations.
Need for Inclusive Education
q Builds Self Esteem
q Improves Social and Communication Skills
q Enhances Sensitivity
q Creates Better Understanding and Appreciation of others
q Creates a Sense of Belonging
q Enhances Academic Performance
q Improves Performance
Implementation of Inclusive education
q Teaching must be planned with all students in mind as per their abilities.
q Teaching lessons must encourage the participation of all students.
q Ensure that every student is actively involved
q Students are encouraged to support each other in learning
q Proper support is provided in case students experience difficulties.
q Students should feel that they have somebody to speak to when they are worried
q All students are equally valued.
q Teachers and students treat each other with respect.
q The school must be accessible to all students.
q Teachers should make sure that all students participate and learn.
q The school should monitor the participation, and achievement of all students.
STRATEGIES TO MAKE PHYSICAL
ACTIVITIES ASSESSABLE FOR CWSN
q Communication q Creating a specific environment
q Space q Activities based on interests
q Specialized Equipment q Reduce depression and stress
q Graded Activities q Improve social interaction
q Medical check up q Fun activities
q Assistive technology q Improve health quality
q Improve fitness & strength
1. The International Paralympics Committee was founded in the year
a. 1960 b. 1948 c. 1900 d. 1989
2. The reason Paralympic Games got their name was because
a. they were meant for athletes suffering from paraplegia. b. they run alongside or parallel to the Olympic Games.
c. the athletes are paragons of their sports. d. they are attended by a large number of paramedics.
3. Paralympic Games was a 1948 sporting competition held at Stoke Mandeville hospital in
a. England b. United States of America c. Germany d. Greece
4. The founder of Special Olympics was
a. Eunice Kennedy Shriver b. John F. Kennedy c. Lyndon B. Johnson d. Donald Trump
5. The first Deaflympics Games were held in the year a. 1924 b. 1948 c. 1954 d. 1988
6. Grouping process associated with Paralympics is referred as :
a. Divisioning b. Classification c. Grouping d. Categorization
7. Grouping process associated with Special Olympics is referred as?
a. Divisioning b. Classification c. Grouping d. Categorization
8. Rule used by Special Olympics to achieve the intentions of fairness is referred as :
a. Maximum Effort Rule b. Honest Effort Rule c. Best Effort Rule d. Minimum Effort Rule
9. Which is the first step used in classification for Paralympics
a. Medical Assessment b. Functional Assessment c. Observation d. Competition
10. Inclusion is vast concept that implies
a. including learners with differing abilities, appearance and economic conditions in education
b. including learners with an emotional or intellectual impairment in mainstream education
c. integrating all children with intellectual disabilities into main stream schooling
d. integrating all children with physical disabilities into mainstream schooling
11. Right to education provides free education for all children within the age group of :
a. 5-10yrs b. 6-14 yrs c. 10-18 yrs d. 2-7 yrs
12. Which of the following will be an inclusive school:
a. Mainstream school with separate classrooms for different abilities
b. Mainstream school with same classrooms for different abilities
c. Separate schools for Mainstream and for children with disability
d. All of the above
13. Development of Gross Motor and Fine Motor skills are benefits which are part of :
a. Physical benefits b. Mental benefits c. Social benefits d. Emotional benefits
14. Graded activities as strategy for effective inclusive physical education program includes:
a. Complex to simple activities b. Simple to complex activities c. Challenging abilities
d. None of the above
15. Which of the following is least preferred strategy for making physical activities accessible:
a. Appropriate Space b. Age appropriate Equipments c. Trained coaches and scientific resources
d. Exclusive training venue for specific disability sports e. Common venue with accessibility for multiple
disability sports
