To PEACE BY

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1770-1850)

Calm is all nature as a resting wheel,

The *kine* are *couched* upon the *dewy* grass;

The horse alone, seen *dimly* as I pass,

Is *cropping audibly* his later meal.

Dark is the ground; a *slumber* seems to steal

O’er vale, and mountain, and the starless sky.

Now, in this blank of things, a *harmony*

Home-felt, and home-created, seems to heal

That grief for which the senses still supply

Fresh food; for only then, when memory

Is *hushed*, am I at rest. My Friends! restrain

Those busy cares that would allay my pain;

Oh! leave me to myself, nor let me feel

The officious touch that makes me droop again

*‫اردو ترجمہ‬

‫پر سکون ہ تمام فطرت ایک ساکن پہی یک مانند‬

‫گائی شبنم آلود گھاس پر لیٹ ہوئ ہی؛‬

‫ جو مجھے گزرت ہوت دھندل سا نظر آتا ہ‬،‫گھوڑا اکیےل‬،

‫اپٹ شام یک خوراک آواز ےس چرت ہوت۔‬

‫ اور تاروں ےس خایل آسمان پر چھا ریہ ہ۔‬،‫ پہاڑ‬،‫زمی تاریک ہ؛ ایک اونگھ یس وادی‬

‫ ایک ہم آہنگ‬،‫ چیوں یک اس خایل پن می‬،‫اب‬

‫ ایسا لگتا ہ کہ‬،‫ اور گھر می پیدا ہوت وایل‬،‫گھر می محسوس ہوت وایل‬

‫اس غم کو شفا دے ریہ ہ جس ےک لی حواس ابیھ تک‬

‫ جب یادوں کو‬،‫تازہ غذا فراہم کرت ہی؛ کیونکہ رصف تب‬

‫ می سکون می ہوتا ہوں۔ اے دوستو! ان مرصوف فکروں کو‬،‫خاموش کر دیا جاتا ہ‬

‫ اور مجھے یہ محسوس نہ ہوت دو‬،‫اوہ! مجھے میے حال پر چھوڑ دو‬

‫کہ وہ فضول چھوا جو مجھے پھر ےس مڑا دیٹ ہ۔‬

IMPORTANT SYNONYMS WITH PARTS OF SPEECH

2. *Kine* (N.) – Cattle, Cows

3. *Couched* (V.) – Lying, Reclining, Resting

4. *Dewy* (Adj.) – Moist, Damp, Bedewed

5. *Dimly* (Adv.) – Faintly, Unclearly, Indistinctly

6. *Cropping* (V.) – Grazing, Biting, Nibbling

7. *Audibly* (Adv.) – Hearably, Clearly, Loudly

8. *Slumber* (N.) – Sleep, Drowse, Rest

9. *Harmony* (N.) – Accord, Unity, Balance

10. *Hushed* (Adj.) – Silent, Quiet, Muted

11. *Restrain* (V.) – Hold back, Control, Suppress

12. *Allay* (V.) – Ease, Relieve, Soothe

13. *Officious* (Adj.) – Meddlesome, Intrusive, Interfering

14. *Droop* (V.) – Sink, Decline, Wilt

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

The poet uses "resting wheel" as a metaphor to depict nature in a state of perfect stillness
and harmony, like a motionless wheel, emphasizing peace and tranquility.

2. How does the poet describe the behavior of the animals (the kine and the horse) in the
poem?

The kine (cows) are lying calmly on the dewy grass, while the *horse* is quietly grazing,
creating a serene, almost dreamlike atmosphere.
3. What does the phrase "a slumber seems to steal / O'er vale, and mountain, and the
starless sky" suggest about the setting?

It suggests a deep, universal quietness—a gentle "sleep" enveloping the landscape, valleys,
mountains, and even the sky, enhancing the poem’s meditative mood.

4. How does the poet describe the relationship between memory and rest in the poem?

The poet finds rest only when memories are *hushed (silenced)*, implying that active
remembrance brings grief, while mental stillness brings peace.

5. Why does the poet ask his friends to restrain from trying to alleviate his pain?

He prefers solitude, as others’ "officious (intrusive) touch" worsens his sorrow. His healing
comes from inner harmony, not external comfort.

B. Multiple Choice Questions (Choose the Best Answer)

a. Joyful

b. Melancholic

c. Anxious

d. Peaceful

2. The phrase "Calm is all nature as a resting wheel" suggests that nature is:

a. In motion

b. At rest

c. Chaotic

d. Broken

3. What does the poet imply by the statement "Dark is the ground; a slumber seems to
steal"?

a. It is daytime and busy.

b. It is night, and everything is peaceful

c. The poet is walking through a storm.

4. The poet finds solace in:

a. The company of friends

b. The noise of the city

c. The harmony of nature

d. Recalling past memories

5. Why does the poet ask his friends to "restrain those busy cares"?

a. He wants them to help him more.

b. He feels better when they talk to him.

c. He prefers to be left alone to deal with his feelings.

d. He needs their advice to find peace.

Vocabulary and GRAMMER

Analyzing nuances in the meaning of words involves exploring the subtle differences in
connotation, tone, and context that differentiate words with similar definitions. For example,
"happy" and "content" both describe a positive emotional state, but "happy" suggests a
more active, joyful feeling, while "content" implies a calmer, more peaceful satisfaction.
These differences in emotional intensity are nuances in meaning.

Task: Read the poem "To Peace," examine words with similar denotations, analyze their
nuances, and write about them. Below is an example:

1. Calm vs. Peaceful

Denotation:

Both "calm" and "peaceful" refer to a state of tranquility and absence of disturbance.

Nuance:

Calm: Often suggests a stillness or quietness resulting from the absence of agitation. It
implies a state achieved after something has been subdued. In the poem, the line "Calm is
all nature" emphasizes nature settling into rest, possibly after activity.

Peaceful: While similar, "peaceful" carries a more positive connotation, implying not just a
lack of disturbance but also a sense of contentment or harmony. If Wordsworth had written
"Peaceful is all nature," the focus would shift slightly from stillness to a deeper sense of well-
being and harmony.
Role in the Text:

The choice of "calm" over "peaceful" highlights the stillness in nature, emphasizing the
cessation of movement or sound rather than a broader sense of harmony.

2. Resting vs. Sleeping

Denotation:

Resting: To cease work or movement in order to relax or recover strength.

Sleeping: To be in a state of rest with reduced consciousness and bodily activity.

Nuance:

Resting: implies a temporary pause or break, often without full unconsciousness.

Sleeping: suggests a deeper, more prolonged state of rest, typically involving

Role in the Text:

These words may highlight contrasts in characters' states of awareness or energy levels,
emphasizing themes of exhaustion, peace, or vulnerability.

3. Steal vs. Creep

Denotation:

Steal: To take something without permission or legal right.

Creep: To move slowly and quietly, often to avoid being noticed.

Nuance:

Steal: Focuses on the act of theft, often with intent or secrecy.

Creep: Emphasizes slow, cautious movement, sometimes with a sinister or sneaky

Role in the Text:

These words may describe characters' actions to build tension, suggest dishonesty, or
create a mood of suspense or stealth.

4. Hushed vs. Silenced

Denotation:

Hushed: Made quiet or silent, often gently or temporarily.

Silenced: Forcibly or permanently made quiet.

Hushed: Suggests a soft, voluntary, or calming quietness.

Silenced: Implies suppression, coercion, or an abrupt end to sound.

Role in the Text:

These words may contrast natural quiet with imposed silence, reflecting themes of control,
fear, or tranquility

Patterns of Word Changes

A. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or
parts of speech.

ACTIVITY

For each set of words below, identify the base word and its different forms. Identify the part
of speech for each word (e.g., noun, verb, adjective). Write a sentence using each form of
the base word to demonstrate its meaning and correct usage.

1. Analyse (verb)

Forms: Analysis (noun) Analytical (adjective)

Task: Write a sentence for each form.

Analyse (verb): Scientists analyse data to draw conclusions.

Analysis (noun): The analysis of the experiment revealed unexpected results.

Analytical (adjective): She has an analytical mind and excels in problem-solving.

2. Advocate (noun/verb)

Forms: Advocacy* (noun), advocated (verb, past tense) advocating (verb, present participle)

Task: Write a sentence for each form.

Advocate (noun): She is a strong advocate for environmental protection.

Advocate (verb): He advocates for equal rights in his community.

Advocated (verb, past): The senator advocated for healthcare reform last year.

Advocating (verb, present participle): They are advocating for better school funding.

3. Create (verb)

Forms: Creation (noun), creative (adjective), creatively (adverb)

Create (verb): Artists create beautiful works of art.

Creation (noun): The creation of the sculpture took three months.

Creative (adjective): Her creative ideas impressed the entire team.

Creatively (adverb): He solved the problem creatively by thinking outside the box.