HEAT

1. ___________ is the greatest source of heat and light energy on earth. Ans :- Sun
2. We feel warmth and coolness through our __________. Ans :- Skin
3. Why we feel cold during the winter?
Ans :- During winter the temperature of the surroundings is much lower than our body
And our body loses heat to the surroundings. That’s why we feel cold during winter.
4. Define heat and temperature.
5. Differentiate between heat and temperature.
6. The body temperature rises due to _______________. Ans :- Heat
7. How sweating helps to maintain our body temperature?
Ans :- When the temperature of our body rises, we begin to sweat. The evaporation of
water requires a large amount of heat and the heat is taken from our body surface.
which makes our body cool and maintain our body temperature.
8. The SI unit of heat is _______________. Ans :- Joule
9. Define 1 calorie.
Ans :- The amount of heat required to rise the temperature of 1 gram of water
By 1°C At normal atmospheric pressure is called 1 calorie.
10. 1 Calorie = ___________ joule. Ans :- 4.2 joule
11. On what principle the mercury inside the glass thermometer works?
Ans :- Thermal expansion of liquids on heating.
12. What is the function of kink present in a clinical thermometer?
Ans :- The kink of the clinical thermometer prevents the immediate back flow of the
mercury column into the bulb when the thermometer is removed from the body
of the patient.
13. The melting point of ice is _________. Ans :- 0 °𝐶
14. the boiling point of water is __________. Ans :- 100 °𝐶
15. There is __________ divisions between the upper and lower fixed point of Celsius scale.
Ans :- 100 divisions
16. There is __________ divisions between the upper and lower fixed point of Fahrenheit
scale. Ans :- 180 divisions.
17. What is the upper fixed point and lower fixed point of Fahrenheit scale?
Ans :- 32 °𝐹 and 212 °𝐹
18. . What is the upper fixed point and lower fixed point of kelvin scale?
Ans :- 273 K and 373 K
19. State the relation between Celsius and kelvin scale.
Ans :- C = k – 273
20. State the relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit scale.
5 9𝐶
Ans :- C = 9 ( F – 32 ) OR F = 5 + 32
21. 32 ° 𝐹 = __________ ° 𝐶 Ans :- 0 ° 𝐶
22. 100 °𝐶 = _________ K Ans :- 373 K
23. Mercury is a ______________ metal. Ans :- Liquid metal
24. What is a clinical thermometer?
25. What is the range of a clinical thermometer?
Ans :- Celsius scale – 35 °𝐶 to 42 °𝐶
Fahrenheit scale – 94 °𝐹 to 108 °𝐹
26. What is the normal human body temperature?
Ans :- Celsius scale – 37 °𝐶
Fahrenheit scale – 98.6 °𝐹
27. What is the use of maximum and minimum thermometer?
Ans :- It is used to measure the maximum and minimum temperature of an area
during a day.
28. What is the use of laboratory thermometer?
Ans :- It is use to measure the temperature of boiling water and ice.
29. What is the range of laboratory thermometer?
Ans :- – 10 °𝐶 to 110 °𝐶
30. Mercury level falls easily in a _____________ thermometer. Ans :- laboratory
31. What are the effects of heat?
Ans :- (i) heat can change the temperature of a body.
(ii) It can change the state of an object.
(iii) Heat can change the size of a body due to thermal expansion.
32. A solid ____________ on heating. Ans :- expand
33. Why there is gap between two successive rail lines?
Ans :- During summer due to thermal expansion the length of the rail lines increases and
If there is no gap between two successive rail lines it may cause an accident. That’s
Why there is gap between rail lines.
34. Telephone wires sag more in summer because of ______________.
Ans :- thermal expansion
35. Arrange the states of matter according to the rate of thermal expansion.
Ans :- Gas > Liquid > Solid
36. Heat always flows from the body of __________ temperature to _______ temperature
Ans :- Higher to lower
37. What is thermal equilibrium?
Ans :- If the temperature difference of two different bodies is zero, then we can say they
are in thermal equilibrium.
38. Define conduction of heat.
39. Heat moves in solid by the process of ______________. Ans :- Conduction
40. In metals conduction of heat depends on the presence of __________________.
Ans :- Free electrons.
41. Metals are ______________ conductor of heat. Ans :- good
42. Air is a _______________ conductor of heat. Ans :- bad
43. What are insulators? Give examples.
44. Define convection.
45. Heat moves in fluids by the process of __________________. Ans :- Convection
46. What are convection currents?
Ans :- During convection the cold fluid come in contact of heat source, gets heated and
Moves upward. This process continues until the heat is transferred to the entire
volume of the liquid. This movement in fluids called convection current.
47. Define Radiation.
48. ________________ is the fastest mode of heat transfer. Ans :- Radiation
49. Which method of heat transfer does not require any medium/ occur in vacuum?
Ans:- Radiation
[Link] radiation heat is transferred as wave packets of energy called ____________.
Ans :- photons
51. State the differences between Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
52. The materials used to prevent heat loss are called __________. Ans :- Lagging materials
53. Why the handles of cooking utensils made of wood or plastic?
Ans :- wood or plastics are bad conductors of heat which prevent our hand from getting
Burn. That’s why the handles of cooking materials are made of wood or plastic.
54. Why woolen clothes are used in winter?
Ans :- The fibers of wool trap air. As air is a bad conductor of heat it prevents the loss of
Heat into the cold surrounding and we feel warm.
55. Why two thick woolen blanket are warmer than oner woolen blanket?
56. Explain/ define sea breeze.
Ans :- During daytime the temperature of land is higher than the temperature of the sea
The air over the land is, therefore heated, expand and rises. While the cold air from
the sea rushes towards the land to fill the blank place. This is called sea breeze.
57. Explain/ define land breeze.
Ans :- At night land cools down rapidly compare to the sea. As the hot air near the sea
water rises up, cold air from the land rushes towards the sea. This is called land breeze.
58. A body radiates most heat when its surface is _____________ and ___________.
Ans :- Dull and Black
59. A body reflects most heat when its surface is ______________ and ____________.
Ans:- Polished and White
60. Why room heaters have polished and shining surfaces?
61. Why we should wear light colouerd clothes during summer?
Ans :- Light coloured clothes absorb less amount of heat and reflects most of the heat
from radiation. This feels less warmth in summer.
62. Why we should wear dark colouerd clothes during winter?
Ans :- Dark coloured clothes absorbe more radiant heat and feels more warmth. that’s
why we should wear dark colouerd clothes during winter.
63. why do we use an umbrella on a hot sunny day?
Ans :- The umbrella cuts the heat radiation from the sun and we feel less hot under the
Umbrella.
64. What is advection?
Ans :- the process where heat is transported by the horizontal movement of a fluid, such
as air or water. Advection in nature influences weather and climate relatively
65. Why cooling coils of AC and refrigerators made of copper?
Ans :- As copper is a very good conductor of heat it quickly conduct away the heat.
66. Why birds puff up their feathers during winter?
Ans :- Puffing up the feathers creates thousands of air pockets. As air is a bad conductor of
heat, therefore they do not loose their body heat.
67. What is a greenhouse?
Ans :- A specially designed glass made house used to grow plants in cold climates.
68. Explain the structure of a thermos flask with a diagram.
Exercises
G. (2) The advantages of digital thermometer over mercury thermometer are –
(i) digital thermometers do not use mercury as it is a toxic substance.
(ii) Their readings are accurate.
(iii) There is no fear of breakage as their body is made of plastic.
G. (4) White paint reflects most of the radiated heat absorb less. That’s why houses are
painted in white in hot climate areas.
G. (7) Car radiators painted black as to have cooling effect by radiating heat.