SAPPHIRE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Session: 2020-21
Class - V
Subject – Social Studies
Chapter 3
Movement of the Earth

Day 1

The Earth moves in two different ways.

1. It rotates like a top and spins around itself, about its axis.
2. It revolves or moves around the Sun in a fixed path.
Let’s read about the movements of the earth in detail.
AXIS

ROTATION
Axis
An axis is an imaginary line passing
through an object, about which it spins.

The earth’s axis is an imaginary line that

passes through the North and South Poles.
23.5o
AXIS

The movement of the earth

NORTH POLE
about its axis is known as rotation.

It is similar to that of a top

spinning about its axis.

SOUTH POLE
EQUATOR

The earth completes one rotation Earth’s spins from

about is axis in 24 hours,
That is why, one day and one night is of 24 hours. West to East
DAY AND NIGHT
The rotation of the earth causes day and night.

As we cannot see the whole of a globe at a time. In a similar way, the sun’s
light cannot shine on the entire earth at a time.

Some parts of the earth are lit by the

sunlight while the others remain dark.
AXIS

DAY
The portion of the Earth
facing the sun has day.

The portion of the Earth

away from the sun has night.

NIGHT

As the Earth rotates, day and night follow each other.

Day 2

ACTIVITY:
Make a presentation of the spinning day and night and send the recorded
videos to your respective subject teacher.
Pierce the ball with the stick, then hold them up or use a globe.
Using either a torch or daylight (e.g. through a window)
for the Sun, demonstrate day and night .

The side of the ball in the light

represents the side of the Earth
experiencing daytime. The side
in shadow demonstrates night-time.
Fact File:

Jupiter's rotation is the fastest of all the Solar System's planets.

Jupiter makes one complete rotation on its axis in 9 hours 55 minutes.

This means that 1 Jupiter Rotation = 9 hours 55 minutes

as opposed to 1 Earth Rotation, which is equal to 24 hours.

Answer the following questions:

Q. 1 Fill in the blanks:

a) The part of the Earth facing away from the Sun has ___________(day/night).

b) The imaginary line along which the Earth rotates is called its _______.

c) Day and night on the Earth are caused by the ____________of the Earth.

d) The Earth completes one rotation in ______ hours.

Q. 2 Define the term ‘axis’.

Q. 3 Why is one day and one night on the Earth of 24 hours?

Q. 4 What is meant by ‘rotation’ of the Earth?

Q. 5 ‘Day and night follow each other’. State the reason.

(To be done in the left over pages of previous session notebooks)

SAPPHIRE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Session: 2020-21
Class - V
Subject – Social Studies
Chapter 3
Movement of the Earth

DAY 3

REVOLUTION
The movement of the earth around the sun in the fixed path is called
revolution.

ORBIT
 The fixed path that the earth moves in, is referred to as its orbit.

 The orbit of the earth is not circular.

 It is elliptical in shape.

ORBIT

The earth completes one revolution in 365 days or 1 year.

(1 year = 365 days)
What causes seasons?
Seasons are caused by mainly two reasons:

1. The tilt of the axis of

𝟏 o
rotation at 23.5o (or 25 )
𝟐

2. The revolution of the earth

around the sun in an
elliptical path.
DAY 4 LEAP YEAR Fact File:
A solar year actually consists of 365 days and 6 hours.
So, we can say that earth actually complete its one revolution in 365.25 days
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Extra 6 hours Extra 6 hours Extra 6 hours Extra 6 hours

6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 Hours
Hence, an extra day (24 Hours) is added to the month of February in the
calendar every four years.

The year containing an additional day is called a leap year.

Each leap year, lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365 days,
extending February to 29 days.

Most years that are multiples of 4 are leap years.

That means most of the years which are divisible by 4, leaving remainder as 0.
are leap years.
For instance:
Year 2020 Year 2012

Division of 2020 by 4, Division of 2012 by 4

gives the quotient as 505, gives the quotient as 503,
with remainder leaving as zero with remainder leaving as zero

It shows Year 2020 and Year 2012 are Leap Years.

as 2020 and 2012 are not the exact multiple of 4

Year 2019 Year 2015

Division of 2019 by 4 Division of 2015 by 4

gives the quotient as 504, gives us the quotient of 503
with a remainder leaving as 3. with a remainder of 3.

It shows Year 2019 and Year 2015 are NOT Leap Years
as 2019 and 2015 are not the exact multiple of 4.
Answer the following questions:
Q.1 Fill in the blanks:

1. The movement of the earth around the sun in the fixed path
is called ____________.
2. The fixed path that the earth moves in, is referred to as its __________.
3. The earth completes one revolution in ________days.
4. The orbit of the earth is _____________ in shape.

Q.2 What are the two ways in which the earth moves?
Distinguish between the two.

(To be done in the left over pages of previous session notebooks)

SAPPHIRE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Session: 2020-21
Class - V
Subject – Social Studies
Chapter 3
Movement of the Earth

DAY 5
The revolution of the earth and its titled axis causes four main seasons:-
summer, winter, autumn and spring.
When the earth’s axis points towards the sun, while orbiting in its elliptical
path, it is summer for the hemisphere. When the earth’s axis points away,
winter can be expected.
Let’s understand with the help of a diagram.

AT POSITION 1
When the North Pole is inclined towards the sun and the South Pole is inclined away from the sun,
the Northern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight, and has longer days and shorter nights.

Thus, the Northern Hemisphere experiences summer.

On the other hand, the Southern Hemisphere has winter.

POSITION 2

POSITION 3
Summer in Southern
21st June Hemisphere and Winter
POSITION 1
in Northern Hemisphere
Summer in Northern
Hemisphere and Winter in
Southern Hemisphere

POSITION 4

AT POSITION 3
When the South Pole is angled towards the sun and the North Pole is angled away from the sun,
the Southern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight, and has longer days and shorter nights.

This means, the Southern Hemisphere experiences summer.

Whereas, the Northern Hemisphere has winter.
DAY 6
AT POSITION 2 AND 4
Halfway between positions 1 and 3, the earth is titled neither directly towards nor
directly away from the sun.

At these times, both the hemispheres receive almost equal amount of sunlight,
with equal day and night (12 hours each). These positions mark the seasons of
spring and autumn.

At position 2,
the Northern Hemisphere has spring and the Southern Hemisphere has autumn.

At position 4,
the Southern Hemisphere has spring and the Northern Hemisphere has autumn.

20th March
Spring in the Northern Hemisphere and
Autumn in the Southern Hemisphere
Position 2

Position 3
21st December
Position 1 Southern Hemisphere – Summer
Northern Hemisphere – Winter

21st June
Northern Hemisphere – Summer
Southern Hemisphere – Winter

Position 4
Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere
and Spring in the Southern Hemisphere 23rd September

In the Northern Hemisphere:

The longest day is observed on June 21st while the longest night is on December 21st.
In the Southern Hemisphere:
The longest day is December 21st and the longest night is June 21st.
Answer the following questions:
There are two days in a year where the day and night is exactly the same.
These are 20th March and 23rd September.
Recap:

21st June 21st December

Northern Hemisphere experiences Northern Hemisphere experiences
the longest day. the longest night.
Southern Hemisphere experiences Southern Hemisphere experiences
the longest night. the longest day.

20th March 23rd September

Northern and Southern Hemisphere experiences exactly same day and night.

Spring in the Northern Hemisphere Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere

Autumn in the Southern Hemisphere Spring in the Southern Hemisphere

Answer the following questions:

Q.1 Fill in the blanks:

1. ____________ and ____________ are the seasons that occur when the earth

is titled neither directly towards nor away from the sun.

2. The longest night in the Southern Hemisphere is observed on _________.

3. When the Northern Hemisphere receives direct sunlight,

it experiences _________ (summer/winter).

4. The longest day in the Northern Hemisphere is observed on __________.

5. The ______________ of the earth and its titled axis causes seasons.

Q.2 Explain with the help of a diagram, how are seasons formed on the earth?

(Written work to be done in the left over pages of previous session notebooks)
SAPPHIRE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Session: 2020-21
Class - V
Subject – Social Studies
Chapter 3
Movement of the Earth
DAY 7
Text Book Questions:

Question1 What causes day and night? Explain.

Answer 1 The rotation of the earth causes day and night.

• As we cannot see the whole of a globe at a time. In a similar way, the sun’s light cannot shine
on the entire earth at a time.

• Some parts of the earth are lit by the sunlight while the others remain dark.

• The portion of the Earth facing the sun has day.

• The portion of the Earth away from the sun has night.

DAY NIGHT
As the Earth rotates, T
SUN
day and night follow
each other.

EARTH
GT

Question2 What are the two ways in which the earth moves?
Distinguish between the two.
Answer 2 The Earth moves in two different ways.

1. It rotates like a top and spins , around 2. It revolves or moves around the Sun
itself, about its axis. in a fixed path.
Question 3 Explain with the help of a diagram, how are seasons formed on the earth.
Answer 3 Seasons are caused by mainly two reasons:
𝟏
1. The tilt of the axis of rotation at 23.5o (or 23 𝟐 o)

2. The revolution of the earth around the sun on an elliptical path.

Question 4 Define the orbit of the earth.

Answer 4 The fixed path that the earth moves in, is referred to as its orbit.

• The orbit of the earth is not circular. ELLIPTICAL ORBIT

• It is elliptical in shape.

Question 5 Explain the concept of a leap year.

Answer 5 A solar year actually consists of
365 days and 6 hours.
So, we can say that earth actually complete its one revolution in 365.25 days
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Extra 6 hours Extra 6 hours Extra 6 hours Extra 6 hours
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 Hours

Hence, an extra day (24 Hours) is added to the month of February in the calendar every four years
The year containing an additional day is called a leap year.

Each leap year, lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365 days, extending February to 29 days .

Most years that are multiples of 4 are leap years such as year 2020 and 2024.

Year 2020 Year 2024

Division of 2020 by 4, Division of 2024 by 4

gives the quotient as 505, gives the quotient as 506,
with remainder leaving as zero with remainder leaving as zero